... 3
CSA
LVOT
VTI
LVOT
VTI
As-Jet
Stenotic
valve
AVA
Figure 3.7 Schematic diagram of the continuity equation to calculate the aortic valve
area. AVA, aortic valve area; CSA, cross-sectional area; LVOT, left ventricular ... LVOT diameter measured from a parasternal long axis view for calculation of
a circular cross-sectional area.
2 LVOT velocity measured with pulsed wave Doppler from an ap...
... the
mitral valve.
BCI7 6/18/ 05 11:17 AM Page 78
52 Chapter 5
Figure 5. 1 A 69-year-old man presented with acute back pain and diaphoresis.
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed acute type A aortic ... as-
cending aorta.
Echocardiography
Echocardiography (TTE and TEE) is a non-invasive and readily available
modality for evaluation of aortic dissection. TTE can evaluate th...
... tests that are available to clinicians are based
on the assessment of regional and global function, regional myocardial perfu-
sion, myocardial metabolism, or coronary anatomy. The cardiovascular ... pharmacologic
myocardial perfusion imaging that are associated with high-risk CAD and an
increased probability of future cardiac events.
A large amount of data published in the literature...
... coro-
nary artery bypass graft patency, and anomalous coronary arteries.
5
Acute dyspnea 157
Figure 13.2 CMR (left) and X-ray (right) coronary angiography in a patient with high-
grade proximal and ... diagnoses
Acute dyspnea 159
Figure 13.4 Apical three-chamber transthoracic echocardiogram in an 83-year-old
man with acute pulmonary edema 2 days after acute anterior myocardial infarctio...
... mechanical dyssynchrony and improves hemodynamics.
Conventional echocardiographic parameters
Table 15. 1 provides an overview on the available conventional parameters that
are valuable for the assessment ... integrity from parasternal and apical
long-axis as well as parasternal short-axis projections and these represent the
optimal views for the visualization and assessment of SAM.
There...
... provides
improved imaging of smaller masses, particularly in the atria, atrial appendages,
or associated with valvular structures. Contrast-enhanced echocardiography
improves visualization of intracardiac masses ... symptoms.
Lipomas are typically located in the RA or atrial septum. They arise from the en-
docardial surface and have a broad base of attachment. Lipomas have the same
signal...
... by 201 Tl-myocardial scintigraphy or abnormal accumulation by 67 Ga-
citrate or 99 m TC-myocardial scintigraphy
4. Abnormal intra-cardiac pressure, low cardiac output, or abnormal wall motion ... 6/18/ 05 11:09 AM Page 262
New imaging modalities
Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging (MRPI) using gadolinium-based con-
trast agents has recently been validated as...
... deformations may also be present. Catheter-driven angiography
has clear advantages in imaging quality, but radiation burden and invasiveness
are important drawbacks. Therefore, magnetic resonance imaging ... non-cardiac
risk stratification after 129– 35
in clinical decision-making 131–3
rest imaging 129–30
stress imaging 130–1
myocardial ischemia
acute, non-invasive imaging 156 –8...