... shown
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
Fig. 15 .6. Normalized beam intensity profiles obtained with the 1.7 μm pinhole (a)
and the 0 .6 μm pinhole (b). With the 1.7 and 0 .6 μm pinholes, respectively, wavefront
focus terms (c )and( d), ... LTP
but instead by simply inclining the grating with respect to the optics table
in order to obtain the proper incidence angle. However, the Littro...
... initial analytical estimation of the sampling intervals. The phase-
space coordinates and other random quantities (e.g., scattering angles or
penetration depth in a crystal) determining the neutron ... (2.24)
2.5.7 Intersection Point
The intersection point (x
M
,y
M
,z
M
) of the ray with the optical element is
determined by solving the quadratic equation in t generated by inserting (...
... determinant relating source coordinates and image angles.
5 The expression 1/
|D| accounting for the surface integration.
products of the coordinates and angles is linear and can be described in ... field and also allows for its propagation across “thin”
optics. This code is described in Sect. 5.2. Beamlines at UV and shorter
wavelengths require highly grazing incidence optic...
... and minima (see
Fig. 6. 2 in [ 46] ). Coordinates of maxima in the spatial intensity distribution
can be found from the condition for constructive interference of wave fields
described in (6. 20) and ... point of the waveguide is given by
Φ(x, y)=
m=m
max
m=0
c
m
(θ
m
)ϕ
m
(y)exp(−iχ
m
x). (6. 26)
7
Focusing Optics for Neutrons
F. Ott
Abstract. Neutrons beams are difficult to han...
... Irick, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63 (1), (1992)
14. R. Signorato, M. Sanchez del Rio, in Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 3152, 1997, p. 1 36
8 Volume Effects in Zone Plates 165
0 204 060 80 100 120 140 160
x-axis / ... the increasingly demanding precision requirements of
mirrors in the synchrotron radiation field [6] . In the following, some of the
most frequently adopted modifications will be de...
... (2005)
2 36 D. Spiga
Fig. 16. 1. Calculated X-ray reflectivity of a constant d-spacing W/Si multilayer
(dashed line) and a W/Si supermirror (solid line) in the energy range 1–70 keV at
the grazing incidence ... approximately
(neglecting the beam refraction) determined by Bragg’s law,
2d sin ϑ
i
≈ kλ. ( 16. 3)
In ( 16. 3), k is an integer and λ is the wavelength of the radiation in...
... are included, and several
applications of capillary optics in X-ray diffractometry, micro -X-ray fluorescence
analysis and absorption spectroscopy are presented.
18.1 Introduction
Traditionally X-ray ... using single and multiple reflections are relatively efficient
and are, in some cases, unique instruments for beam shaping of X-rays from
laboratory sources as well as of synchr...
... number requires
specialised instruments for tests and a careful and time consuming production
process.
The interesting point in the large tolerance for the surface errors in X-ray
transmission lenses ... soft X-ray contact
microscopy, or micromachining of polymers by direct photoetching.
Grazing incidence X-ray optics can be used to collect the radiation in a
wide wavelength...
... cooled down
invacuumandmeasuredatRT.TheXRRandGIXDSsimulationparameters
are also shown in Table 24.2. An increase of the σ and σ
eff
−σ values indicates
an advanced interface roughening and interdiffusion, ... using a pair of materials in thermodynamic equilib-
rium or using compound layers instead of elemental ones [5–8]. Incorporation
23 Stress Reduction in Multilayers Used for X-Ra...