... heat-treated into
finished products; and by understanding these, shape and size can, to a large extent,
be predicted.
Background reading
M. F. Ashby and D. R. H. Jones, Engineering Materials I, 2nd ... grain-boundary energy is the dominating influence.
28 Engineering Materials 2
Fig. 3 .2. (a)A 50–50 lead–tin alloy at 170°C has a constitution point that puts it in the (Sn) +...
... 17. 1 shows that
Table 17. 1 Specific moduli: ceramics compared to metals
Material Modulus
E
Density
r
Specific modulus E/
r
(GPa) (Mg m
−
3
) (GPa/Mg m
−
3
)
Steels 210 7. 8 27
Al alloys 70 2 .7 ... fracture-initiating defect in the small volume subjected to the highest
stresses is small.
18.3 Modulus-of-rupture tests were done on samples of ceramic with dimensions
l = 100 mm, b = d = 10...
... 1 984 .
J. A. Brydson, Plastics Materials, 6th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996.
C. Hall, Polymer Materials, Macmillan, 1 981 .
International Saechtling, Plastics Handbook, Hanser, 1 983 .
R. M. ... come from. That is the func-
tion of the next four chapters.
2 18 Engineering Materials 2
Polymers 225
would form the base for a vast new industry. The natural polymers are not as c...
... Plastics Materials, 6th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 199 6.
J. M. C. Cowie, Polymers: Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials, International Textbook Co.,
197 3.
C. Hall, Polymer Materials, ... Plastics Materials, 6th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 199 6.
International Saechtling, Plastics Handbook, Hanser, 198 3.
P. C. Powell and A. J. Ingen Honsz, Engineering with Polymers,...
... A. J. Ingen Housz, Engineering with Polymers, 2nd edition, Chapman and Hall,
1998.
L. J. Gibson and M. F. Ashby, Cellular Solids, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.
D. Hull, An Introduction ... evolved from these failures.
Most ceramic design is like that. Only recently, and because of more demanding struc-
tural applications, have design methods evolved.
In designing with du...
... of 1.25 mm.
Background reading
M. F. Ashby and D. R. H. Jones, Engineering Materials I, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann,
1996, Chapter 6 (section on composites).
Further reading
C. M. Hutchins, ... Engineering Materials 2
(e) Materials selection
J. A. Charles and F. A. A. Crane, Selection and Use of Engineering Materials, 2nd edition, Butterworth-
Heinemann, 1989....
... interfaces 20
358 Engineering Materials 2
Fig. A1.41. Pearlite in a eutectoid-composition plain-carbon steel, ì500. (After K. J. Pascoe,
An Introduction
to the Properties of Engineering Materials
, ... meteorite is
recovered and sectioned. It shows signs of having melted externally, and of having
had an outer shell of
γ
-iron, an inner shell of
ε
-iron and a core of
α
-iron. Use...