Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 13 doc

Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 13 doc

Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 13 doc

... Inc. mouswiththermaloptimarelevanttoanorganismdependent(52)onafluxofdissolved compoundsfromenzymesalreadyreleasedandfunctioningoverlongerperiodsinthe environment.Forexample,notetheshiftinthermalactivityoptimaforcold-adaptedprote- asesfrom13°Cto10°Cto8°Casafunctionofincreasingholdingtime(Fig.3).Wealso suggestthatthefurtherexploratorystudyofmicrobialenzymesproducedinenvironments characterizedbys...
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Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 10 docx

Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 10 docx

... the years; these include vanilin, indulin, ferrulic acid, and, most importantly, 14 C-labeled synthetic lignins. Various fungal enzymes are involved in lignin degradation, including lignin peroxidase, ... strains and the extrac- tion of enzymes, provide complementary information on enzyme production by emphasi- zing the potential of the living hyphae and the sum of past a...
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Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 14 doc

Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 14 doc

... alter the physical state or the location of the contaminants. In contrast, biodegradation is the primary process involved in the transformation and mineralization of xenobiotic compounds and, in the latter ... for the survival of a phenoxyacetic acid degrading inoculant, and Daane and Ha ¨ ggblom (131 ) showed that the encapsulation of the degrading strains in...
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Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 20 doc

Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 20 doc

... Inc. ensurestheremovalofHgfromtheenvironmentthroughatmosphericdissipation.Current studiesarenowfocusingonbiologicalreductionandmethylationreactionsasaremedial approachtoimmobilizeHg. A.ReductionofMercury(II) NumerousmicroorganismsavoidHgtoxicitybyreducingionicHg(Hg 2ϩ )tovolatileHg 0 , apotentiallyusefulapplicationtoremoveHgfromHg-contaminatedwater.Thereduction ofHg 2ϩ toHg 0 canbemediatedbya...
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Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 1 ppsx

Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 1 ppsx

... systems involving phenoloxidase enzymes. The deamination of amino acids, such as serine, phenylalanine, proline, methionine, and cysteine by birnessite, and the role of pyrogallol in influencing their ... effective for both L- and D- glutamic acid. The PLP-Cu 2ϩ -smectite has acted as a ‘‘pseudoenzyme’’ wherein the PLP was active and independent of the protein matrix of t...
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Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 2 pptx

Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 2 pptx

... Inc. Currently,itisevidentthatmicroorganismsformcomplexmicrobialfoodwebsin allaquaticecosystems,andthattheiractivitiesandmetabolismsoftenaretightlycoupled and/ ormutuallyaffected (132 ,143,144).Therefore,itisnotsurprisingthatenzymatic propertiesandactivitiesofdifferentcomponentscreatingthemicrobialfoodwebsinlake ecosystemshavedemonstratedcloserelationships.Severalreportshavedocumentedthe str...
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Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 3 pdf

Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 3 pdf

... for chitin-hydrolyzing activity by using MUF-β-d-N, N′-diacetylchitobioside, and chitobiase activity was then assayed in protein extracts prepared from the positive clones. The chi- tinases of marine bacteria ... Inc. Investigationsofextracellularenzymesfrommarineanimalsandenzymesisolatedfrom prokaryotesareconsideredonlyifaclearconnectiontomarineecologyisestablished. Thetermextracellu...
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Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 4 potx

Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 4 potx

... Inc. Althoughthisstudyinvolvedtheuseofageneticallymodifiedmicrobe,themodi - cationswerenotintendedtohaveafunctionalimpact;theywereinsertedasgeneticmark- ers.Asecondstudycomparingtheeffectofthesamegeneticallymarkedstraintothatof afunctionallymodifiedstrainshowedeffectsthataremoreinteresting(36).Theaimof thisworkwastodeterminetheimpactintherhizosphereofwildtypealongwithfunction- allyandnonfunc...
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Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 5 ppt

Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 5 ppt

... short-chain poly-P was higher in the internal hyphae (67). Long-chain poly-P seems to be more efficient in transporting Pi from the extraradical to the intraradical part of the fungi. Activity of enzymes ... Inc. directlycontributetoreductionofpathogenviabilityandgrowth.Inaddition,theyhave beenproposedasmediatorsinpathwaysleadingtodefense-relatedgeneexpression (136 ). Thereleaseo...
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Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 8 potx

Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 8 potx

... soil enzymes, laccase and tyrosinase. The potential role of these enzymes in the humification of anilinic and phenolic compounds and reduction of their bioavilability with the passage of time (aging) ... Inc. (nitrificationanddenitrificationeffects)aswellasbyprotectionandcreationofwetlands (4,7,39,57,85,122). Itisagainstthisbackdropofthemajorenvironmentalrelevanceoftheenzymesof...
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