... growth spirals on surfaces,
291
climb of,
266
379, 478
Bardeen-Herring source/sink for
climb force due
to
stress, 255
diffusion-limited kinetics, 267
dislocations as sinks for excess ...
perturbation analysis, 343,
519
phase transformations,
419
See
also
growth of phases, martensitic
transformations, nucleation, nucleation
with concurrent growth kinetics,
order-disord...
... follow from statements of the first and second laws of
thermodynamics.
Onsager s principle supplements these postulates and follows from the statisti-
cal theory of reversible fluctuations
[5]. ... therefore
demonstrates the role of microscopic reversibility in the symmetry of the Onsager
coefficients. More demonstrations of the Onsager principle are described in Lifshitz...
... ENT
SYSTEMS
In earlier chapters we examined systems with one or two types of diffusing chem-
ical species. For binary solutions, a single interdiffusivity,
5,
suffices to describe
composition ... everywhere except where its argument is
zero, where it has an infinite singularity. It has the property
s
j(F')6(F-
Fo)dr'=
f (r& apos;0);
so
it also
follows that
s6 (F-...
... the ratio of strain over stress) is then
El
.E2
-
1-
-_
-
(~1
-
2~2)
eiWt
S( W)
=
uo
eiWt
uo
go
(8.71)
Because the strain lags behind the stress, the stress-strain curve for each ... mechanical response of
anelastic materials. Scalar forces in the spring and dashpot model become analogs
for a more complex stress tensor in materials. To enforce this an...
... mean curvature. Such capillary forces are especially influential in fine-scale
microstructures containing interfaces with large curvatures where pressure differ-
ences can become correspondingly ... boundary with isotropic surface energy
yB
intersects a free surface with
isotropic surface energy
ysl
a
grain-boundary groove
forms in order to achieve a
capillary-force balance, as illu...
... the grain center. The pressure due to this
curvature therefore induces growth. Grains with fewer than six sides show the
opposite behavior, whereas grains with six sides possess flat sides and ... Number
of
sides
(a)
(b)
Figure
15.14:
(a)
Average area
of
grains vs. time.
(b)
Fraction
of
grains possessing
N
sides. Figures compare Marder&apos ;s theoretical results with ex...
... larger-curvature surface regions to lower-
curvature surface regions.
ss.v
Surface Surface Vapor transport Nondensifying
Atoms are transported through the vapor phase from larger-curvature ... process is called
Coble creep.
Grain boundaries serve as both sources and sinks in polycrystalline materials-
those grain boundaries with larger normal tensile loads are sinks for atoms trans- ....
...
CONTENTS
12.2 Motion of Crystal/Vapor Interfaces
12.2.1 Structure of Crystal/Vapor Surfaces
12.2.2 Crystal Growth from a Supersaturated Vapor
12.2.3 Surfaces as Sinks for Supersaturated Lattice ...
-
Anew-rOld new old-rnew
This pattern-a rank-one tensor is transformed by a single matrix multiplication
and a rank-two tensor is transformed by two matrix multiplications-holds for...
... distortions in the fixed stress field,
so
different amounts of work,
W,
must be done against the stress field during these
jumps. The rate of a particular jump in the absence of stress is proportional ...
vary linearly with stress and be expressible
as
a
tensor in the very general linear
form
(3.78)
kl
where the stress-dependent terms in the sum are relatively small. Simila...
... diffusion on most surfaces is anisotropic because of their low two-dimensional
symmetry. When the surface structure consists
of
parallel rows of closely spaced
atoms, separated by somewhat larger ... somewhat larger inter-row distances, diffusion is usually easier
parallel to the dense rows than across them. In some cases,
it
appears that the
60ur
discussion follows reviews
by...