... technique, the integrity of the
source of the spill and the possibility of further spillage is always a priority. If there
is any possibility that the fire could flash back to the source of the spill, ... maintaining the safety of both spill workers and the source of the spill.
The potential for the use of
in-situ
burning must be determined base...
... to an oil spill and significantly reduce
the environmental impact and severity of the spill.
The purpose of contingency plans is to coordinate all aspects of the response to
an oil spill. This ... serious. As the
seriousness of an incident is often not known in the initial phases, one of the first
priorities is to determine the magnitude of the spill and...
... These properties influence how the
oil behaves when it is spilled and determine the effects of the oil on living organisms
in the environment. These properties also influence the efficiency of cleanup ... into
the chemical composition of oils. For example, while 70% of gasoline will boil off
at 100 °C, only about 5% of a crude oil will boil off at that temperature...
... by the force of gravity and the
interfacial tension between oil and water. The viscosity of the oil opposes these
forces. As time passes, the effect of gravity on the oil diminishes, but the ... can
remove the bulk of the oil. In 1993, the oil from a stricken ship, the
Braer
, dispersed
almost entirely as a result of high seas off Scotland at the...
... washing over the top of the boom. The term freeboard is also used
to refer to the height from the water line to the top of the boom. The
skirt
is the
portion of the boom below the floats or ... piece of equipment
for containing an oil spill on water. Booms are generally the first equipment mobi-
lized at a spill and are often used throughout the ope...
... much on the thickness of the oil, type of oil, surface type, and
many other factors.
**This is the percentage of oil in the recovered product. The higher the value, the lower
the amount of water ... much on the thickness of the oil, type of oil, sea state,
and many other factors.
**This is the percentage of oil in the recovered product. The high...
... or
truck. The vacuum pump creates a vacuum in the tank and the oil moves directly
through a hose or pipe to the tank from the skimmer or the source of the oil. The
oil does not go through the pump, ... of hydrocarbon fuels. Often the equipment
at refineries cannot handle oils with debris, excessive amounts of water, or other
contaminants and the cost of pre-t...
... shown
in Table 9. In the tests summarized in the table, the dispersant was applied at a
dispersant-to -oil ratio of 1 :10 or 10% of the volume of the oil as testing has shown
that this ratio is ... bioenhancement agents to oil spilled on land
can enhance the removal rate of the saturate and some of the aromatic fraction of
the oil, so that as much as 40%...
... the properties of the oil and the nature of the soil materials affect how
rapidly the oil penetrates the soil and how much the oil adheres to the soil. For
example, a low viscosity oil penetrates ... down-gradient from the spill,
or in the direction in which the spill is flowing, to catch the flow of oil. They are
placed just below the depth of th...