... worked or heat-treated into
finished products; and by understanding these, shape and size can, to a large extent,
be predicted.
Background reading
M. F. Ashby and D. R. H. Jones, Engineering Materials ... 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann,
1996.
Further reading
D. A. Porter and K. E. Easterling, Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys, 2nd edition, Chapman
and Hall, 19 92.
G...
... unnormalised across the top and normalised by T
g
along the bottom. (The
normalisations make the diagrams more general: similar polymers should have similar
normalised diagrams.)
The diagram is divided, ... allowing them to be formed by injection moulding,
vacuum forming, blow moulding and compression moulding. Thermosets, on the other
hand, are heated, formed and cured simultaneously, usual...
... into board such as laminated plywood, chipboard and fibre-building board.
Summary: wood compared to other materials
The mechanical properties of wood (a structural material of first importance ... Materials and Components, Wiley, 1983.
P. C. Powell and A. J. Ingen Housz, Engineering with Polymers, 2nd edition, Chapman and Hall,
1998.
L. J. Gibson and M. F. Ashby, Cellular Solids, 2nd...
... predicted.
Background reading
M. F. Ashby and D. R. H. Jones, Engineering Materials I, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann,
1996.
Further reading
D. A. Porter and K. E. Easterling, Phase Transformations in Metals ... what moving the molten zone along the bar has done to it: we
have removed impurity from the left-hand end of the bar and dumped it at the right-
hand end; that is, we...
... rather difficult to machine.
Background reading
M. F. Ashby and D. R. H. Jones, Engineering Materials I, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann,
1996, Chapters 21 , 22 , 23 and 24 .
Further reading
K. ... metal.
Background reading
M. F. Ashby and D. R. H. Jones, Engineering Materials I, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann,
1996, Chapters 7 (Case study 2) , 10, 12 (Case s...
... then re-assembled and poured. When the casting has gone solid it
is removed by destroying the mould. Metal moulds are machined from the solid. They
Production, forming and joining of metals 143
Chapter ... of a shaped casting will directly determine the strength of the finished article.
Gas pores should be avoided, so the liquid metal must be degassed to remove dissolved
gases (either by addin...
... dried and fired, one com-
ponent in it melts and spreads round the other components, bonding them together.
Low-grade ceramics – stone, and certain refractories – are simply mined and shaped.
We are ... Sainsbury, and R. Morrell, Design with Non-ductile Materials, Applied
Science Publishers, 19 82.
D. W. Richardson, Modern Ceramic Engineering, Marcel Dekker, 19 82.
Problems
18.1 In order t...