... with diabetes. Much of our infor-
mation on interventions that prevent or retard the vascular complications of
diabetes are derived from either sub-group analyses of larger trials, or extrap-
olation ... β2-ADR, β2-adrenergic
receptor; EP-R, prostaglandin E receptor; VIP-R, vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor;
NO, nitric oxide.
NO VIP
Nitrergic
Smooth muscle
Vipergic
VIP-R
K...
... scale)
10000
1000
100
10
1
0
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
35 39
30 34
40–44
45–49
55–59
65–69
50–54
60–64
Age (years)
SECTION I • MICRO- AND MACROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES
22
CONCLUSION
Risk factors for the micro- and macrovascular complications ... cohort
study found a history of MI in 16.5% of males and 9.7% of females at the time
of diagnosis of diabetes. During...
... 1998; 21: 822–827.
Study 3 (III-172) 36 44
D’Hemercourt et al. Wounds 1998; 10: 69–75.
Study 4 (III-250) 32 36
Smiell et al. Wound Rep Regen 1999; 7: 33 5 34 6.
Study 5 (IIIb- 134 ) 57
Embil et al. Wound ... In the
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) ‘clinically detectable’ neu-
ropathy was found in 39 % of the participants who had type 1 diabetes. In the
Epidemiolo...
... with diabetes
over the age of 30 is partly due to the difficulty in determining the precise
date of onset of disease. The prevalence of retinopathy at the time of diag-
nosis of type 2 diabetes ... 837 –8 53.
UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascu-
lar and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38 . BMJ...
... No. oedema P
Non-proliferative
Mild 172 1.7 – 152 2.6 – 126 6 .3 –
Moderate
to severe 128 20 .3 <0.001 60 36 .7 <0.001 87 63. 2 <0.001
Proliferative 85 69.7 – 26 73. 1 – 35 74 .3
*Percentage ... diagnosis of ischaemia may be difficult in the pres-
ence of significant leakage since this obscures the view of the retinal micro-
circulation on fluorescein angiograms.
Complica...
... products as 3-
deoxyglucosone ( 3- DG) and methylglyoxal (MGO). 3- DG is formed by non-
oxidative rearrangement and hydrolysis of Amadori adducts and from fruc-
tose -3 - phosphate, which is a product of the ...
of proteins
Polyol pathway
Fructose- 3-
phosphate
Via
fragmentation
of triose
phosphate
Glyoxal MGO 3- DG
CML
GOLD
CEL
MOLD
Advanced glycated end-products
In vivo sour...