Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems - part 1 ppsx

... Inc.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataAcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress.ISBN: 0-8 24 7-4 12 4-2 Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.HeadquartersMarcelDekker,Inc.270MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10 016 tel: 21 2-6 9 6-9 000;fax: 21 2-6 8 5-4 540EasternHemisphereDistributionMarcelDekkerAGHutgasse4,Postfach 812 ,CH-4001Basel,Switzerlandtel:4 1- 6 1- 2 6 0-6 300;fax:4 1- 6 1- 2 6 0-6 333WorldWideWebhttp://www.dekker.comThe ... byJames W. Munson 12 . Techniques of Solubilization of Drugs, edited by Samuel H. Yalkow-sky 13 Orphan Drugs, edited by Fred E. Karch 14 . Novel Drug Delivery Systems: Fundamentals, ... grants R 01 EY0 917 1 and R 01 EY10659.Overview of Ocular Drug Delivery 9Copyright © 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc.DRUGS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCESA Series of Textbooks and Monographs 1. Pharmacokmetics,...

... Rel, 11 :79 (19 90). 11 . S. D. Klyce and C. E. Crosson. Transport processes across the rabbit cornealepithelium: a review. Curr. Eye Res. 4:323–3 31, 19 85. 12 . A. K. Mitra. Ophthalmic drug delivery. ... octanol-water partition coefficients. J.Pharm. Sci. 67:786–788, 19 78. 16 . M. M. Narurkar and A. K. Mitra. Prodrugs of 5-iodo-20-deoxyuridine forenhanced ocular transport. Pharm. Res. 6:887–8 91, 19 89. 17 . ... Inc.Theinnermostlayerofthecornea,separatedfromthestromabyDescermet’smembrane,istheendothelium.Theendotheliumislipoidalinnature;however,itdoesnotofferasignificantbarriertothetranscornealdiffusionofmostdrugs.Endothelialpermeabilitydependssolelyonmole-cularweightandnotonthechargeofhydrophilicnatureofthecompound (13 ,14 ).Transcellulartransportacrossthecornealepitheliumandstromaisthemajormechanismofocularabsorptionoftopicallyappliedophthalmicpharmaceuticals.ThistypeofFickiandiffusionisdependentuponmanyfactors,i.e.,surfacearea,diffusivity,theconcentrationgradientestablished,andtheperiodoverwhichconcentrationgradientcanbemaintained.Aparabolicrelationshipbetweenoctanol/waterpartitioncoefficientandcor-nealpermeabilityhasbeendescribedformanydrugs (15 19 ).Theoptimallogpartitioncoefficientappearstobeintherangeof1–3.Thepermeabilitycoefficientsof11steroidsweredeterminedbySchoenwaldandWard (15 ).Thepermeabilityversuslogpartitioncoefficientfitthetypicalparabolicrelationship,withtheoptimumlogpartitioncoefficientbeing2.9.NarurkarandMitrastudiedahomologousseriesof50aliphaticestersof5-iodo-20-deoxyuridine(IDU) (16 ,17 ).Invitrocornealpermeabilitieswereoptimizedatalogpartitioncoefficientof0.88,ascanbeseengraphicallyinFigure3andinTable1,whereCMPrepresentsthecornealpermeabilityvalues...

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... compounds, including fluorescein (2:6 Â 10 À5cm/s), fluor-escein glucuronide (4:5 Â 10 À7cm/s), and dexamethasone sodium m-sulfo-benzoate (4:9 Â 10 À5cm/s) (1, 9 ,15 17 ,30). All of the reported values ... Therap. 13 (5);445–459, 19 97.30. Kaiser, R., and Maurice, D. M. The diffusion of fluorescein in the lens. Exp.Eye Res. 3 :15 6 16 5, 19 64. 31. Sebag, J. Aging of the vitreous. Eye 1: 254–262, 19 87.32. ... cell line derived from rabbitnon-pigmented ciliary epithelium. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 11 49 :10 2 10 8.62. Candia, O. A., Shi, X. P., and Chu, T. C. (19 91) . Ascorbate-stimulated activeNa+transport...

... in the rabbit, Pharm. Res., 15 :18 82 18 87. 12 8. Peyman, G. A., and Ganiban, G. J. (19 95). Delivery systems for intraocularroutes, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 16 :10 7 12 3. 12 9. Geroski, D. H., and Edelhauser, ... Biomaterials., 21: 649–665. 13 1. Peyman, G. A., and Ganiban, G. J. (19 95). Review: Delivery systems forintraocular routes, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 16 :10 7 12 3. 13 2. Velez, G., and Whitcup, S. M. (19 99). ... Biotechnol., 14 :17 10 17 13. 11 . Shofner, R. S., Kaufman, H. E., and Hill, J. M. (19 89). New horizons inocular drug delivery. Ophthalmol. Clin. North Am., 2 :15 –24. 12 . Sarraf, D., and Lee, D. A. (19 94)....

... Controlled Rel., 13 :247.42. Lundin, S., and Atursson, P. (19 90). Absorption of vasopressin analogue, 1- desamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (dDAVP), in human intestinal epithelialcell line, CaCO-2, Int. ... Pz-peptide and its effect on the ocular and systemic pharmacokineticsof topically applied drugs in the rabbit, Pharm. Res., 15 :18 82.93. Chiou, G. C. (19 91) . Systemic delivery of polypeptide drugs ... nearfuture. We hope that novel drug delivery systems will be developed todeliver potent polypeptide drugs through the ocular route.REFERENCES 1. Lee, V. H. L. (19 87). Ophthalmic delivery of peptides...

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... targeting. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 18 :11 5 13 1. 16 7. J. W. Jaroszewski, and J. S. Cohen. (19 91) . Cellular uptake of antisense oli-godeoxynucleotides. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 6:235–250. 16 8. D. R. ... Helene. (19 91) . Short modified antisense oligonucleotides directed againstHa-ras point mutation induce selective cleavage of the mRNA and inhibit T24cells proliferation. EMBO J., 10 :11 11 11 18. 11 4. ... 10 :11 11 11 18. 11 4. Y. Rojanasakul. (19 96). Antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics: Drug delivery and targeting. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 18 :11 5 13 1. 11 5. S. T. Crooke. (19 97). Advances in understanding...