THE LINGUISTICS, NEUROLOGY, AND POLITICS OF PHONICS - PART 3 potx

... in the ranks of the unemployed and the homeless. Consider the fact that 75 percent of unemployed adults, 33 per-cent of mothers on welfare, 85 percent of juveniles ... the office of Congressman William Goodling of Pennsylva-nia, in the House Committee on Education and the Workforce. The final report of the TWC (2000) identified a number of ... day-to-day decision-making at the operating level (including authority to hire, fire, promote, reward and transfer), the lack of assurance of life-long employ-ment, and the ...

... 55 THE VARIETY OF METHODOLOGIESAdvocates of intensive phonics explicitly argue that letters of the alpha-bet encode the sounds of speech, and that the conversion of print ... This is the essence of the neophonics model of proficient reading, namely, the automatic proc-essing of unnatural and culturally created letters in order to convert them to the ... been neither raised nor answered. Still, none of the phonics rules developed thus far violates the general ra-tionale behind the use of phonics rules in the teaching of reading,...

... totally unaware of the contra-diction between the nature of the phonics system and the purported peda-gogical purpose of the rules, which is to allow a reader to turn the written ... phonologi-cal or other psycholinguistic processing. But the task itself must be a demon- 73 83 NEUROIMAGING AND THE IMAGE OF PHONICS sual processing, thereby allowing these to ... both the itinerary of the tracer and the consumption of oxy-gen occur in far more parts of the brain than just the sites where reading supposedly occurs. This is because the ...

... their spelling-systems depart from the principle of one-to-one correspon-dence between the sequence of segment-types that occur in a spoken utter-ance and the sequence of graphemes ... Does the application of one rule block the application of another? Do the rules start at the beginning of the word and work their way east, or perhaps at the end of the ... favor, and against the posi-tion of the NICHD, regarding letter-sound decoding as holding no privi-leged position in either the theory or practice of reading. The notion of ...

... rather to ensure the proper pronunciation of other letters in the word, in particular, the stem vowel. The two-consonant conditioning of the short-vowel rule immediately ex-plains ... independent of each other. They do not in-fluence each other in any way. It is as if the two parts of the word, h and er, are blind to each other's phonic destiny. Approaching the ... with other let-ter-sound patterns, such as the default status of the long-vowel pronuncia-tion, if there is no special silent e effect on the stem vowel letter. Of course, the ...

... comb eet-oh-eet-oh pencil o-e-e-o-e-o matches eet-r-e-e-e-r-e screwdriver eet-r-e-e-e-e-r-e-e-r-e 146 CHAPTER 13 "trustworthy" because it is "valid" and "reliable," ... understanding of the forms and functions of written language is that neophonics, in lack-ing an empirically based theory of letter-sound relationships that is inde-pendent of the ... learning dis-abilities on the part of the children, and teaching disabilities on the part of the teachers. What remains at this point as the most likely culprit is the ac-tual...

... Clearinghouse, the new phonics po-lice force. And the media has participated in the vilification of whole-language teachers and educators, trying them in the press, and finding them ... the darling of behaviorist linguists and psychologists, and offered no more to our understanding of reading than stimulus-response behaviorism offered to our understanding of ... to the association between reading failure, on the one hand, and drug abuse and crime on the other. In general, he noted that in-ability to read is part of a cycle of ...

... of the phonics system has the form X—> Y. The term X is the input to the rule, and the term Y is the output of the rule. The arrow signifies that the rule turns the ... Alliance of Business and U.S. De-partment of Labor. Underwood, A. (2001, May 7). Religion and the brain. Newsweek, pp. 5 2-5 7. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Vocational ... the form she undergoes sh —» [s] and e —>• [iy] at the same point in the phonic conversion of the word: sh e input [s] [iy] sA-» [s], e-> [iy] (s -& gt; [s] and h - ...