... impact of expanders on the performance
of negative plates in lead–acid batteries. The resulting
discharge and recharge transients show the effect of the
expander on the electrode response under ... cycling.
The use of a miniplate as the electrode, and evaluation
of the results in terms of the percentage utilization of
NAM, provide a reliable method for selecting the mos...
... News Tech. Rep. 51 2 1992 6.
Ž.
Journal of Power Sources 78 1999 30–34
Electrochemical evaluation of additives for lead–acid batteries under
high-discharge conditions
R. Flores
a,)
, L.M. Blanco
b
a
Acumuladores ... Expanders; Electrochemical evaluation; Lead–acid battery; Negative active-material
1. Introduction
The economics of lead–acid batteries have led t...
... characteristics of the batteries. We studied the
in¯uence of: (a) water content in the semi-suspension, (b)
degree of oxidation of the leady oxide and (c) H
2
SO
4
/PbO
ratio on the performance of the batteries. ... deep-discharge;
(b) time of discharge at CCA test as a function of number of cycles.
Fig. 11. Schematic representation of the structure of PAM.
Fig. 12. A sch...
... the
performance of a lead–acid battery can also be assessed by
means of a water-loss test. In this procedure, automotive batter-
ies are fully charged before an overcharge at a constant voltage
of ... of interaction between sep-
arator organics and lead–acid battery electrochemistry is the
so-called antimony poisoning. During the cycling of conven-
tional traction batteries an...
... performances of a very low cost lead–acid battery is the
combination of the compression concept and the use of micro-porous additives added in the active mass.
The influence of different rates of ... capacity is
lower than 50% of the initial one.
2.3.2. Laboratory cells modified by additives
In order to underline the effect of the additives on the elec-
trical performance...
... electrolyte additives that actively seek out and deactivate
the dangerous growths of lead particulate. This class of
additives is known as dendrite prevention additives, DPA for
short.
The additives of ... separator additives
Generally, ®ber separators are free of additives, but in
some instances efforts have been made to include additions
of substances designed to modif...
... hybrid electric vehicles [1,2]. Therefore, a
more detailed understanding of the effect of additives is essen-
tial for obtaining the best performance from lead–acid batteries.
In previous work, it ... tetrabasic) that are formed during
mixing and curing, the performance of the lead–acid batteries,
and so on. In recent years, lead–acid batteries have been oper-
ated in a...
... designs. The 2 h
capacity of the cells was 4.9 Ah.
5.2. Cyclic performance
Groups of cells were tested at room temperature under shallow
cycling conditions to a depth -of- discharge of 17.5% with a capacity
check ... not
been evaluated under an HRPSoC duty cycle. The basis of selection
was both for performance and ease of manufacture.
Fig. 2. Prototype cell. The terminals ar...