... University of Bern, and Chief of Staff, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirslanden-Salem Hospital, Bern, Switzerland. Max Aebi
is Co-Founder and Past Chairman of AO Spine, a member of the European ... 1960 and is a Swiss citizen. He studied at
the University of Saarland, Germany, and the University of Basle, Switzerland. He
then received an international training as a...
... with
implantation.
Recapitulation
Goals of spinal instrumentation.
The aims of spinal
instrumentation are stabilization, achievement and
maintenance of curve correction (alignment) and
facilitation of bony fusion (spondylodesis). ... tumor and post-traumatic
kyphosis. The load is transferred through a combination of compressive or ten-
sile loading along the length of th...
... Comparison of structure,
mechanical properties, and functions of lumbar spinal ligaments. Spine 15: 787–795
53. Iannuzzi-Sucich M, Prestwood KM, Kenny AM (2002) Prevalence of sarcopenia and predic-
tors ... Descartes (159 6–1650) presented a dualistic view
of the human body and soul,i.e.heassumedaseparationofthemindandthe
body. The body was seen as a machine working according...
... of epidemiology in the management of spinal disorders
are to [77]:
pinpoint the problem
estimate the societal and economic burden of spinal disorders
forecast the problem in future
describe and ... 353:1610–5
Pathways of Spinal Pain Chapter 5 145
6
Epidemiology and Risk Fac tors
of Spinal Disorders
Achim Elfering, Anne F. Mannion
Core Messages
✔
In 85% of patients wi...
... Gallacher D (200 6)Surveyofchronicpain
in Europe: Prevalence, impact of daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain 10:287 – 333
This article provides recent (200 3) estimates of the prevalence of pain in ... classification and staging [112]. In addi-
tion to a population based registry approach [79, 80], a greater standardization of
the assessment of risk, treatment and outcomes...
... 227
Differential Diagnosis of Spinal Pain Syndromes
The differential diagnosis of spinal disorders in general and low-back pain par-
ticularly is far reaching. The differential diagnosis of spinal pain ... eval-
uation of patients with low-back pain. Spine 1:127–134
27. Roland M, Morris R (1983) A study of the natural history of back pain. Part I: development
of...
... changes and spinal canal and foraminal
stenosis and even for facet joints. In postoperative
imaging, standard radiographs demonstrate spinal
deformity, the position and signs of loosening of
implants ... imaging of disc disease. On the other hand, slice thickness in the sagittal
plane may be reduced for reduction of partial volume artifacts at the borders of
the spinal...
... provides a strong
sacral anchorage
Knowledge of the size and anatomy of the pedicle is required, but also an under-
standing of the topography of nerve and vascular structures in relation to the ... study of the surgical anatomy of the spine and
surgical approaches:
Bauer RF, Kerschbaumer F, Poisel S (ed) (1993) Atlas of spinal operations. Thieme, Stutt-
gart
Nazarian S...
... integ-
rity of the spinal function. At the same time larger doses of opiates became popular
to help maintain stable hemodynamic conditions and better pain control intra-
and postsurgery. In the 1980s and ... decompressed of gas and secre-
Careful eye and face
protection is crucial
tions by using the gastric tube. Careful eye protection with cream, occlusive tape
and periph...
... function of the spinal cord and nerve roots. Usually the spinal
cord, brachial plexus roots, and L5 and S1 can be evaluated by asking the patient
to move their hands and feet. The WUT is an outstanding ... [26]. Recently, the use
of aprotinin was associated with a doubling of the risk of renal failure, a 55%
increased risk of myocardial infarction and a 181% increase i...
... level
of T10/11 with significant
compression of the spinal
cord.
b T2 weighted axial
MR image demonstrating
the severe spinal canal
obliteration with com-
pression and deformation
of the spinal ... during 1 year of observa-
tion [49]. Bell and Rothman found prevalences of sciatic pain in a population
older than 35 years of 4.8% in men and 2.5% in women [17]. The first...
... General objectives of treatment
relief of pain regaining of activities of daily living
reversal of neurologic function return to work and leisure activities
Disc Herniation and Radiculopathy Chapter ... tears
(58%) and deformations of the spinal cord (29%). This study documented the
high prevalence of anatomical irregularities, including herniation of a disc and
de...
... trefoil shape of the spinal canal mostly occurs at the fifth lumbar
level.
Size and shape
of the spinal canal are
dependent on the level
The anteroposterior diameter of the lumbar spinal canal ... technique and prospective results of 463 patients. Spine 30:2570 – 8
118. Rydevik B, Garfin S (1989) Spinal nerve root compression. In: Szabo RM (ed) Nerve root
compression syndr...
... members of the Scoliosis
Research Society and of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America
revealed a high degree of variability with regard to the opinion of the effective-
ness of brace treatment ... overprojec-
tion of the shoulder, the upper endplate of T4 or T5 is usually used. For the assess-
ment of the sagittal lumbar profile, the upper endplates of L1...
... sensory and motor deficits.
Testing reflexes and looking for long tract signs such as Babinski’sand Hoffman’s
signs, clonus, and spasticity are all part of a first visit examination of a newly
diagnosed ... function and increased respiratory disease, deterioration of comfort
and loss of the activities of daily living, inability to walk or sit independently, as
well as a...