... various countries in which
42
BUSINESS ACROSS CULTURES
10/1
Standard systems
Improved standard
systems by learning from
local requirements
1/10
Learning from local
situations and
exceptions
Increasing ... Learning from Best Practices
seven-dimensional model is a means to elicit, describe, and frame
the major dilemmas organizations must resolve when faced with
integration of people...
... we have moments where the present is much more
affected by the future; when we’re planning, for instance. And we
have moments where the present is much more affected by the past.
When making a ... for delays and tardiness is very low.
On the other hand, if you make an appointment for 10.00 a .m. ,
a Chinese counterpart will most likely remember that they
have a meeting with you...
... knowledge/expertise
•
commitment to tasks
•
Management by Objectives
•
Pay for Performance.
The Family
The Family culture is characterized by a high degree of central-
ization and a low degree of formalization. ... all-
encompassing goal.
The management of the organization is predominantly seen as
a continuous process of solving problems successfully. The
manager is a team leader, the...
... considering:
132
BUSINESS ACROSS CULTURES
Dilemma 1
•
The Market (think about what you could do in areas of
customers, time-to-market response, flow of information
from and to customers)
Transformation ... solving problems by reasoning
and logical insight on the one hand, or by empiricism and pragma
-
tism on the other. From the German perspective, the Americans
were too often...
... at
199
MARKETING ACROSS CULTURES
the cost of short-term flexibility. Clotaire Rapaille has termed the
first short-term approach “animal time” and the second one “found
-
ing time.” The American ... code for time, for example, is an animal one
that emphasizes short-termism and the immediate present: just do
it, instant gratification, shareholder value, “greed,” and the like. Th...
... unions for the
benefit of HR. Compensation systems began to emerge with pay for
performance and other performance measurement systems.
In the 80s, through growth, improved communication, and new
technologies, ... service from what your competitors
offer. Since communication is the exchange of information and infor
-
mation is the carrier of meaning, advertising and promotions a...
... NECESSARY ROLES OF A SUCCESSFUL TEAM
Belbin ( 199 6) described an effective team as a group of people that
aim for a shared goal through four phases: forming, storming,
norming, and performing. In reality, ... year.
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FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING ACROSS CULTURES
easier to reformat to provide a common basis for reporting and deci
-
sion making.
Many regulations make comparability d...
... dilemmas. The important
lesson from our compilation of dilemmas is that all real-world
leadership problems are best considered as open problems and rep
-
resented as dilemmas. Future leaders and ... of
why women prefer to compromise in business; while outside busi
-
ness they reconcile more effectively than men, looking more often
for creative solutions than is the norm in the monolith...
... that dilemma theory is a compound name for common
sense, but it is also a way of improving it. Yet the implications of this
insight are important. If good judgment is really a form of dilemma
reconciliation, ... recommend dilemma theory as a sure-fire
formula, nor as a substitute for human judgment, but rather as a
way of guiding, testing, recording, and understanding the import of
thes...
... Chichester.
Earl, M. J. (ed.) ( 198 8) Information Management: The Strategic Dimension,
The Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Earl, M. J. ( 198 9) Management Strategies for Information Technology,
Prentice Hall, Hemel Hempstead.
Edwards, ... Strategy
Environment
Information Strategy
Process
Information Strategy
Effects
Information Strategy
Form and Contents
Information Strategy 67
and Venkat...