ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 36 (end) ppt
ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 36 (end) ppt
... annualbasis in North Carolina estuaries and coastal waters.(Burkholder et al. 1995) A series of large fish kills began in mid-Atlantic USA estuaries and coastal waters in the early1990s. Regional ... Models Data Analy., 5, 53–76,1989.Lane, D .A. , Kramer, M.S., Hutchinson, T .A. , Jones, J.K., and Naranjo, C., The causality assessment of adversedrug reactions using a Bayesian approach, Pharmaceut. ... again. This same process can be appliedto judging any hypothesis against its negation (∼H), a single alternate (H A ), several alternate hypo-theses (e.g., H A1 , H A2 , H A3 ). Equation 36. 3...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 1 pptx
... United States of America on acid-free paper10987654321International Standard Book Number-13:97 8-0 -8 49 3-3 35 7-6 (Hardcover)This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded ... understand its parts and also how that level functions as part of a larger whole. This can only be done by simultaneous and thoughtful application of microexplana-tion, holism, and macroexplanation. ... soughtat a lower level via reductionism after observation of a consistent association at a level. The initialobservation of a consistent association was probably made in what many would describe as...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 2 pptx
... in adults in that particular part ofthe estuary.particular habitat can sustain. As an example, phosphorus might limit the standing crop of a nuisanceblue-green algalspecies ina freshwaterlake ... might take anautecological vantage to managing that particular species. Another example of an autecological topicmight be how the physiological tolerances of an estuarine crab relative to salinity ... the accumulation of a contaminant in (and occasionally also on) an individualorganism. Models and associated concepts applied to toxicant bioaccumulation in individuals estab-lish the foundation...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 3 ppt
... Phase I reactions (Slater 1984). As a final example,enhanced oxidative damage at high metal concentrations occurs due to hydroxyl radical formation.In such a case, more metal ion is available ... FunctionorpurposeAssociated processMetabolism(anabolismand catabolism)Translation TranscriptionExcretion,respiration,detoxification,and sequestrationMaintainsoma, controlagingMaintain andincrease ... translation activities can provide evidence of response to a toxicant. As anexample, El-Alfy and Schlenk (1998) discovered that up-regulation of a monooxygenase in Japanesemedaka (Oryzias latipes)...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 7 ppt
... suchas lead can be excreted via the mammalian liver by an active transport mechanism (Rozman andKlaassen 1996). Abou-Donia et al. (2002) also make the generalization that a molecular weightgreater ... gill ATPases. The basolateral membrane of gill cells, which have high Na+/K+-ATPase activity(Evans et al. 1999), is the site ofATPase-mediated transport of many metals such as silver in rainbowtrout ... phosphate and arsenate, Mar. Chem., 14, 259–265,1984.Newman, M.C. and Jagoe, C.H., Ligands and the bioavailability of metals in aquatic environments, In Bioavail-ability. Physical,Chemical and...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 13 pptx
... hazard of a reference group ortype is used as a baseline hazard and the hazard of another group is scaled (made proportional)to that baseline hazard. For example, the hazard of contracting a ... on ln time-to-fatal cancer might beestimated with an accelerated failure model. The median time-to-fatal cancer appearance might be230 days earlier than that of the reference population. Both ... ln time-to-death resulting fromsome change in covariates. As is true with proportional hazard models, covariates can be class vari-ables such as site or continuous variables such as animal weight....
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 18 pptx
... genetic variation (including additive-, epistatic- anddominance-associated variance), environmental variation and, perhaps, the interactionbetween genetic and environmental factors.• Narrow sense ... populationthat has adapted successfully to an environmental toxicant will not necessarily be optimally adaptedfor a clean habitat. (2) Natural selection leading to successful adaptation relative ... example, plants tolerant to a particulars-triazine herbicide produce a herbicide-binding protein that can impart an elevated level of toleranceif these adapted plants are later exposed to a...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 20 ppt
... Ecotoxicology: A Comprehensive Treatment Nakano, S., Miyasaka, H., and Kuhara, N., Terrestrial-aquatic linkages: Riparian arthropod inputs alter trophiccascades in a stream food web, Ecology, 80, 2435–2441, ... likelyinfluence contaminant bioavailability, uptake, and depuration in complex and often unpredictableways. The photoactivation of certain contaminants after exposure to UV-B radiation, most notablythe ... interactions among global warming, UV-B radiation, and acidificationare also possible. For example, acidic deposition and climate-induced changes in hydrologic charac-teristics of watersheds will...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 21 ppt
... withand without a particular species, are practical alternatives to actual manipulation and will play animportant role in identifying keystone species. Well-designed studies that take advantage ... contaminants will be relatively abrupt, but thatrecovery along a contaminant gradient may be more gradual. Finally, natural environmental gradi-ents are often superimposed on contaminant gradients ... superior kangaroorats suppressed abundance and altered foraging behavior and habitat use of the smaller spe-cies. More importantly, kangaroo rats were shown to have larger than expected impacts...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 23 pptx
... comparison of beak sizes among allopatric and sympatric pop-ulations of Galapagos finches. Assuming that beak size is an appropriate surrogate for resource use,the greater separation of beak ... statisticalnull hypothesistesting paradigmhas becomeso catholicand ritualizedas toseeminglyimpede clear thinking and alternative analysis approaches.(Anderson et al. 2001)Statistical approaches ... tocontaminants. For example, a mesocosm experiment could show that abundance of a grazing inver-tebrate increased after treatment with a particular chemical. Experiments conducted at a smallerspatial...
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