... and Boekelheide 199 0, Harris 199 1, Wooler et al. 199 2). In fact, there is a lengthy history
of long-term studies of seabird populations (e.g., Rickdale 194 9, 195 4, 195 7, Serventy 195 6) and
communities ... 98:
532–533.
SHUFELDT, R. W. 191 5. Fossil birds of the Marsh collection of Yale University. Transactions of the
Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 19: 1–...
... periods having pop-
ulations of marked birds. Short-term studies of seabirds are inadequate to characterize the demo-
graphic pattern of seabird populations because seabirds are long-lived and live ... HIGGINS. 199 0. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds.
Vol. 1. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
MONAGHAN, P. 199 6. Relevance of the behavior of seabirds t...
... the literature of subannual breeding by seabirds, laying every 8 to
10 months (Ashmole 196 3, Stonehouse 196 0, Snow 196 5a, Harris 196 9, 197 0, Diamond 197 6,
Nelson 197 7, 197 8). Some of the studies ... 206 Biology of Marine Birds
and as found by long-term studies of some seabird colonies (Ainley and Boekelheide 199 0, Chastel
et al. 199 3, Schreiber 199 9).
Seabi...
... BREEDING
There are some reports of subannual breeding by seabirds (a cycle of fewer than 12 months;
Ashmole 196 2, Dorward 196 3, Harris 197 0, Nelson 197 7, 197 8, King et al. 199 2). Some of these
studies were ... eggs laid by seabirds are discussed in Chapter 12 by Whittow. The majority of seabirds
lay clutches of one to two eggs, and 54% of species lay single-egg clutc...
... and Krog
195 4, Drent 196 5, Irving 197 2, Barrett 197 8, Prinzinger et al. 199 1, Morgan et al. 199 2). Body
temperatures in seabirds are typical of birds generally, though Prinzinger et al. (199 1) found ... AND I. L. BOYD. 199 4. The use of heart rate to estimate
oxygen consumption of free-ranging black-browed albatrosses Diomedea melanophrys. Journal of Exper-
imental Bi...
... LLC
448 Biology of Marine Birds
To facilitate extrapolation of laboratory measurements to field conditions, the thermal environ-
ment of a chick must be characterized in its habitat (Bakken 197 6, ... al. 198 0, Obst and Nagy
199 3, Ricklefs and Schew 199 4). Therefore, the use of group-specific estimates of the regressions
to estimate energy accumulation is suggested, inste...