... program
and data
User program
and data
Operating
System
Address
0xFFFFFFFF
Limit
Base
0
(a)
User-2 data
User-1 data
User program
Operating
System
Base-2
Limit-2
Limit-2
Limit-1
Base-2
Base-1
(b)
Limit-1
Base-1
... model in a distributed system.
Banking
system
Airline
reservation
Operating system
Web
browser
Compilers Editors
Application programs
Hardware
System
progr...
... of a global vari-
able.
Thread 1's
code
Thread 2's
code
Thread 1's
stack
Thread 2's
stack
Thread 1's
globals
Thread 2's
globals
Fig. 2-17. Threads can have private ... equal.
Now we are engaged
in a great civil war
testing whether that
nation, or any nation
so conceived and so
dedicated, can long
endure. We are met on
a great battlefield of
t...
... Demonstration that the state in (a) is safe.
A
B
C
3
2
2
9
4
7
Free: 3
(a)
A
B
C
4
2
2
9
4
7
Free: 2
(b)
A
B
C
4
4 —4
2
9
7
Free: 0
(c)
A
B
C
4
—
2
9
7
Free: 4
(d)
Has Max Has Max Has Max Has Max
Fig. ... A
B
C
3
2
2
9
4
7
Free: 3
(a)
A
B
C
3
4
2
9
4
7
Free: 1
(b)
A
B
C
3
0 ––
2
9
7
Free: 5
(c)
A
B
C
3
0
7
9
7
Free: 0
(d)
–
A
B
C
3
0
0
9
–
Free: 7
(e)
Has Max Has Max Has...
... I/O SOFTWARE LAYERS
5. 4 DISKS
5. 5 CLOCKS
5. 6 CHARACTER-ORIENTED TERMINALS
5. 7 GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES
5. 8 NETWORK TERMINALS
5. 9 POWER MANAGEMENT
5. 10 RESEARCH ON INPUT/OUTPUT
5. 11 SUMMARY
P16-19 ... to scale).
A silver CD-ROM has a similar structure, except without the dye
layer and with a pitted aluminum layer instead of a gold layer.
Polycarbonate substrate 1
P...
... 4
Address of disk block 5
Address of disk block 6
Address of disk block 7
Address of block of pointers
Disk block
containing
additional
disk addresses
Fig. 6- 15. An example i-node.
(a)
games
mail
news
work
attributes
attributes
attributes
attributes
Data ... utilization
Data rate
Block size (bytes)
Fig. 6-20. The solid curve (left-hand scale) gives the data rate of a
disk....
... 2
Run-time
system
Operating
system
Shared memory
Application
Hardware
Run-time
system
Operating
system
Application
Hardware
(b)
Machine 1 Machine 2
Run-time
system
Operating
system
Shared memory
Application
Hardware
Run-time
system
Operating
system
Application
Hardware
(c)
Machine ... memory
Application
Hardware
Run-time
system
Operating
system
Application
Hard...
... A cryptographically-protected capability.
Goal Threat
Data confidentiality Exposure of data
Data integrity Tampering with data
System availability Denial of service
Fig. 9-1. Security goals and ... (b)
After the procedure A has been called. (c) Buffer overflow shown
in gray.
(a)
First page
(in memory)
Second page
(not in memory)
Page
boundary
A
A
A
A
A
A
(b)
B
A
A
A
A...
... parent
Allocate child's stack and user area
Fill child's user area from parent
Allocate PID for child
Set up child to share parent's text
Copy page tables for data and stack
Set up sharing ... Description
s = brk(addr) Change data segment size
a = mmap(addr, len, prot, flags, fd, offset) Map a file in
s = unmap(addr, len) Unmap a file
Fig. 10- 15. Some system calls...