... program
and data
User program
and data
Operating
System
Address
0xFFFFFFFF
Limit
Base
0
(a)
User-2 data
User-1 data
User program
Operating
System
Base-2
Limit-2
Limit-2
Limit-1
Base-2
Base-1
(b)
Limit-1
Base-1
... model in a distributed system.
Banking
system
Airline
reservation
Operating system
Web
browser
Compilers Editors
Application programs
Hardware
System
progr...
... of a global vari-
able.
Thread 1's
code
Thread 2's
code
Thread 1's
stack
Thread 2's
stack
Thread 1's
globals
Thread 2's
globals
Fig. 2-17. Threads can have private ... equal.
Now we are engaged
in a great civil war
testing whether that
nation, or any nation
so conceived and so
dedicated, can long
endure. We are met on
a great battlefield of
t...
... A
B
C
3
2
2
9
4
7
Free: 3
(a)
A
B
C
3
4
2
9
4
7
Free: 1
(b)
A
B
C
3
0 ––
2
9
7
Free: 5
(c)
A
B
C
3
0
7
9
7
Free: 0
(d)
–
A
B
C
3
0
0
9
–
Free: 7
(e)
Has Max Has Max Has Max Has Max Has Max
Fig. ... RESOURCES
3. 2 INTRODUCTION TO DEADLOCKS
3. 3 THE OSTRICH ALGORITHM
3. 4 DEADLOCK DETECTION AND RECOVERY
3. 5 DEADLOCK AVOIDANCE
3. 6 DEADLOCK PREVENTION
3. 7 OTHER IS...
... function of the number of page
frames assigned.
Single address
space
2
32
0
Data
Program
(a)
I space D space
2
32
0
Program
Unused page
Data
(b)
Fig. 4 -30 . (a) One address space. (b) Separate I and ... Computation of the page fault rate from the distance
string. (a) The C vector. (b) F vector.
(a) (b) (c)
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
C1
C2
C3
A0
A1
A2
A3...
... and laser (not to scale).
A silver CD-ROM has a similar structure, except without the dye
layer and with a pitted aluminum layer instead of a gold layer.
Polycarbonate substrate 1
Polycarbonate ... drivers
Interrupt handlers
Hardware
Fig. 5-16. Layers of the I/O system and the main functions of each
layer.
Parameter IBM 36 0-KB floppy disk WD 1 830 0 hard disk
Number o...
... 16K
Disk space utilization
(percent)
Data rate (KB/sec)
Disk space utilization
Data rate
Block size (bytes)
Fig. 6-20. The solid curve (left-hand scale) gives the data rate of a
disk. The dashed curve ... block
containing
additional
disk addresses
Fig. 6-15. An example i-node.
(a)
games
mail
news
work
attributes
attributes
attributes
attributes
Data structure
containing the
attributes
(...
... procedure call. The stubs are
shaded gray.
(a)
Machine 1 Machine 2
Run-time
system
Operating
system
Shared memory
Application
Hardware
Run-time
system
Operating
system
Application
Hardware
(b)
Machine ... Situation if page 10 is read only and replication is used.
CPU 1
Code using
variable A
A
B
Shared
page
CPU 2
Code using
variable B
A
B
Network
A and B are unrelated
s...
... cryptographically-protected capability.
Goal Threat
Data confidentiality Exposure of data
Data integrity Tampering with data
System availability Denial of service
Fig. 9-1. Security goals and threats.
User ... (b)
After the procedure A has been called. (c) Buffer overflow shown
in gray.
(a)
First page
(in memory)
Second page
(not in memory)
Page
boundary
A
A
A
A
A
A
(b)
B
A...
... parent
Allocate child's stack and user area
Fill child's user area from parent
Allocate PID for child
Set up child to share parent's text
Copy page tables for data and stack
Set up sharing ... fd is a file descriptor, and offset is a file
offset.
Page frame
3
Page frame
2
Page frame
1
Page frame
0
4 .3 BSD
kernel
Two-handed
clock scans
core map
Main memory Core map...