... Web-based
method can be used in a number of applications, in-
cluding human usage, thesaurus production (Hearst,
1992; Nakamura and Nagao, 1988) and natural lan-
guage understanding in general.
Among ... which a QA
system searches the encyclopedia database for one or
more descriptions related to X (this application is also
effective for dialog systems).
In general, the performance o...
... Co-
operative response elaboration and response gen-
eration are presented in (Benamara and Saint-
Dizier, 03).
2 What is a Cooperative Response ?
Cooperative answering systems are typically able
to ... style cooperative NL responses of a
reasonable quality that reflect the accuracy of the
reasoning procedures. A major feature is the in-
tegration of a real cooperative...
... informa-
tion” for the translator by the system as infor-
mation that the translator can use to make his
or her own decisions.
2. The system should show the range of avail-
able information in a manner ... text area and the TL editing area. These
scroll synchronically. To enable translators to main-
tain their work rhythm, the keyboard cursor is al-
ways bound to the TL...
... 2008).
3.3 Gold Standard
Direct evaluation of subcategorization acquisition
performance against a gold standard based on a
manmade dictionary is not ideal (see e.g. (Poibeau
and Messiant, 2008)). ... hypothesis testing) and exploration of
task-based evaluation in the context of practical NLP
applications and tasks such as the acquisition of se-
mantic classes from the SCFs (Levin,...
... high-performance
anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with a Carb-
oPac PA-1 column on a Dionex (Sunnyvale, CA, USA)
T. Na
¨
gele et al. Systems biology of cold acclimation in A. thaliana
FEBS Journal ... simulation
A mathematical model was developed, representing central
carbohydrate metabolism in leaves of A. thaliana. The
model was based on the following system of ordina...
... Pharmacology of neuronally active a- conotoxins (Eur. J. Biochem. 271) 2309
Identification and characterization
of neuronally active a- conotoxins
Assay-based and cDNA-based strategies
The first a- conotoxins ... Further
characterization on Aplysia neurons confirmed that they
targeted neuronal a- BTX-insensitive nAChRs, albeit with
comparably low (micromolar) affinity. As the bioassays...
... items on the stack into one IP node,
and outputs this as a partial parse. Sagae and
Lavie (2005) have shown that this algorithm has
linear time complexity, assuming that classifica-
tion takes constant ... the content of the stack and
queue.
The classifier makes shift/reduce decisions
based on contextual features that represent the
parse state. A shift action removes the firs...
... train TransAhead, we used British National
Corpus and Hong Kong Parallel Text and
deployed GENIA tagger for POS analyses.
To evaluate TransAhead in CAT and CALL,
we introduced it to a class ... on
language learning. Specifically, our goal is to
build a human-computer collaborative writing
assistant: helping the language learner with in-
text grammar and translation and at the...
... proliferation.
In conjunction with a positive activation ratio, the
1C zymogen also combines an increased T
m
upon
activation, making the activated ribonuclease more
stable than the unactivated one. ... flexible and that it
moves away from the RNase A active site on activation.
Discussion
Basis for zymogen inactivity
The cleavage of a peptide bond in natural zymogens
leads to...
... data base is freely available as a MongoDB
database, which can easily be interfaced with using
APIs in various programming languages. For infor-
mation about how to obtain the database, please ... 13,724
hierarchal relations. For example, if A immediately
dominates B and B immediately dominates C, then
the set of valid organizational dominance relations
are A dominates B, B dominate...