... FEBS 4359
REVIEW ARTICLE
Signaling pathways and preimplantation development
of mammalian embryos
Yong Zhang
1
, Zhaojuan Yang
1
and Ji Wu
1,2
1 School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai ... Rac, and Rac can
induce JNK ⁄ MAPK signaling. Dkk1 and SOX7 are antagonists of
Wnt signaling. Both are identified as direct targets of the p38 and
JNK pathways....
... to
quickly and cheaply evaluate the impact of new
ideas, algorithms, and data sets. BLEU and re-
lated metrics work by comparing the output of an
MT system to a set of reference (‘gold standard’)
translations, ... communicative goal; and
that corpus texts are often not of high enough qual-
ity to form a realistic test.
2.2 Automatic evaluation of generated texts
in MT and...
... dis-
tribution of the energy between the overall tumbling
and the internal mobility, and is indicative of the
degree of internal restraint of each
15
N–
1
H vector
motion. In Fig. 4, most of the points ... graph of R
1
, R
2
and {
1
H}–
15
N NOE val-
ues along the sequence of the TTF1 HD at 11.7 T and
286 K.
Fig. S2. Plot of J(0.87x
N
)–J(0) correlation from
15
N
relax...
... Pro, Val or Lys, c-carboxylation
of Glu, glycosylation of Ser or Thr, bromination of
Trp, sulfation of Tyr, cyclization of N-terminal Gln,
and epimerization of several different residues. It ... structure of conomarphin
was similar to those of other conotoxin cDNAs. The
cDNA-encoded precursor of conomarphin consisted of
a conserved M-superfamily signal peptide of 25 re...
... and the CFU counted. The per-
centage of surviving CFU was calculated by the formula
N ⁄ N
control
· 100, where N and N
control
were the numbers of
CFU obtained after 3 h of incubation with and ... (2006)
Secretion of serine peptidase by a clinical strain of
Candida albicans: influence of growth conditions and
cleavage of human serum proteins and extracellular
matrix co...
... concentration of Rep245 pre-
pared in 10 mm sodium phosphate (pH 7.4) was 5 lm. CD
spectra were recorded at 60, 70 and 80 °C between 190 and
260 nm with a step increase of 0.2 nm, and a bandwidth of
1 ... presence of 0.2 mm
dNTPs and 0.5 U of Taq DNA polymerase (Promega).
To analyze the effect of temperature on primase activity,
Rep245 and Rep516 proteins were incubated...
... software swiss-pdbviewer and
visual molecular dynamics [49].
Acknowledgements
We thank G. Magni and S. Ruggieri for helpful com-
ments and suggestions and T. Begley (Department of
Chemistry and ... electrophoresis of the PCR product indicated the
presence of two distinct bands between 1000 and
1100 bp of roughly the same extent (not shown). Clo-
ning and nucleotide seque...
... catalytic proper-
ties of HpSDH and the effects of pH and temperature
on HpSDH. The results show that HpSDH has a k
cat
of 7.7 ± 0.9 s
)1
, K
m
of 0.148 ± 0.028 mm and
k
cat
⁄ K
m
of 5.2 · 10
4
m
)1
Æs
)1
toward ... shikimate, k
cat
of 7.1 s
)1
and K
m
of 0.182 mm toward NADP, k
cat
of 5.2 s
)1
and K
m
of 2.9 mm toward NAD. The optimum pH of the
enzyme activity i...
... domains and have a similar mode of
activation [1].
There are two isoforms of S6 kinase, S6K1 and 2.
Both have highly homologous kinase and kinase
extension domains flanked by the less conserved
N- and ... activated by an array of mitogenic
stimuli and is a key player in the regulation of cell growth. The activation
process of S6 kinase involves a complex and sequential se...
... bonds between NH of Thr5 and
CO of Arg2, as well as NH of Arg2 and CO of Thr5.
Structure of cyclic hexapeptides – cYT peptide. The
NMR data of the cYT peptide wer e indicative of its flexible
nature. ... structure of peptide cER
consists of two b-turns, located at the N- and C-termini. A
comparison of the b-turn structure of cER with the similar
region in the crysta...