... binding and hydrolysis [4–7].
Toc34
GDP
interacts with the second G -protein in the
Toc complex, Toc159, and simultaneously transfers the
preprotein to Toc159. Toc159 action facilitates pre-
protein ... 255–267.
Intermembrane space targeting in chloroplasts L. Vojta et al.
5054 FEBS Journal 274 (200 7) 5043–5054 ª 2007 The Authors Journal compilation ª 2007 FEBS
P...
... mem-
brane of chloroplasts (Toc)64 and Toc159 system used
by proteins involved in photosynthesis [36]. The
Toc159 family in Arabidopsis consists of four proteins:
Toc159, Toc132, Toc120 and Toc 90 [37]. ... for the
targeting of location-specific proteins is discussed.
Targeting signals and mature proteins
Targeting signals
Analysis of dual targeting signals indicates that the...
... many proteins involved in photosyn-
thesis (termed ‘photosynthetic proteins ), suggesting
that both atToc33 and atToc159 are involved in the
import of photosynthetic proteins. However, the
reduced ... contains three TPR motifs
forming the docking site for Hsp90-bound preproteins. AtToc12 (1 2)
exposes a J-domain (J) into the intermembrane space and has a
role in anchori...
... trans-
ported proteins from the cytosol to their final destina-
tion in the chloroplast. The Tic and Toc translocons
are therefore perfectly situated to impose a regulatory
control over incoming preproteins. ... (Fig. 3). Oxidizing conditions lead
to fast membrane binding and integration into the Tic
complex. Reducing conditions on the other hand lead
to solubilization in...
... during active protein transport, with the amphi-
pathic helix and C-terminal tail interacting only in
response to conditions leading to protein transport
[30]. The Tat translocon needs to transport ... for the interaction of the preprotein
with the receptor. The 16 ⁄ 23 chimera is retarded dur-
ing translocation; early in the process, the protein
assumes a...
... (196 9) Inhibitors
around the antimycin-sensitive site in the respiratory
chain. In Inhibitors ) Tools in Cell Research (Bucher Th
& Sies H, eds), pp. 282–300. Springer, Berlin.
39 Gonzalez ... NADH
generation, due to amino acid biosynthesis. Much of
the generation of NADH during amino acid biosyn-
thesis takes place in the mitochondria. Because of the
block in...
... sequence
is intercalated into the walls of the channel and the
segment distal to it is inserted into the pore proper
(Figs 1– 3). In a first step, the binding of a channel
partner (i.e. the ribosome, the ... step in
the biosynthesis of many proteins [1]. These include
soluble proteins, such as those ultimately secreted from
the cell or localized to the ER lumen, a...
... SENP2, protein
inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) and Ran binding
protein 2 (RanBP 2) [16–20]. The N-terminal loops of
SUMO proteins are not homologous to those of
ubiquitin and Nedd8, and their ... upon protein binding. (C) Sequences of proteins aligned in (B).
Residues in capitals are aligned among all modifiers, including the strictly conserved residues in red and other...
... 15 min a t 30 °C in the presen ce of puromycin
(+ puromycin). The aliquots were incubated in the absence (– XL ) or
presence (+ X L) of SMCC (335 l
M
)for20minat0°C, as indicated.
The prote ins ... of the association of Sec61ap with nascent pre-
secretory proteins in single turnover experiments. (A–C) Nascent pre-
prolactin (ppl-86mer) was synthesized in reticulocyte lys...
... 2. Protein glycation in yeast cells. (A) Total protein Coomassie blue stained gel of the reference strain (BY474 1) and mutant strains
(DGRE3, DGSH1, DYAP1, DGLO2 and DGLO 1). (B) Argpyrimidine ... (tri-
angles) in nondividing BY4741 cells challenged with 250 m
MD-glucose. (C) Formation of argpyrimidine-modified proteins in the reference
strain in high
D-glucose (250 mM)....