... seriously reduce the time required for upscaling. The lag in growth is attributed to the physiological adaptation of the cell metabolism to growth, such as the increase of the levels of enzymes and ... According to the algal concentration, the volume of the inoculum which generally corresponds with the volume of the preceding stage in the upscaling process, amounts to 2-10% of the final culture ... Also, the quality of the harvested cells may be less predictable than that in continuous systems and for example vary with the timing of the harvest (time of the day, exact growth phase). Another...