... Association for Computational Linguistics
Bayesian Synchronous Tree-Substitution Grammar Induction
and its Application to Sentence Compression
Elif Yamangil and Stuart M. Shieber
Harvard University
Cambridge, ... pages 352–361, Morristown, NJ,
USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Trevor Cohn and Mirella Lapata. 2007. Large mar-
gin synchronous generation an...
... oxidative p entose
phosphate pathway had to be reversed to maintain the
target fluxes. Then, the NADPH needed to drive the
reactions of the o xidative pathway into a backwards
direction and to form ... 4.1.1.32 0.00
PHB synthesis and acetyl-CoA conversion pathway
46 2 acetyl-CoA fi acetoac-CoA + CoA 1 b-ketothiolase 2.3.1.16 5.56
47 Acetoac-CoA + NADPH fi 3HB-CoA + NADP 1 Acetoacetyl...
... Encoding of Description Spaces and its Application to Typed
Feature Structures
Gerald Penn
Department of Computer Science
University of Toronto
10 King's College Rd.
Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
Abstract
This ... tested on larger and
more diverse grammars, it has been shown to reduce
the total parsing time of a large corpus on the ALE
HPSG benchmark grammar of English (Penn, 199...
... hand-corrected POS-tags. This did
not lead to improvement.
2 Current Grammar Induction Models
2.1 Algorithms
Grammar induction models can be split up into two
types: tag-based and word-based grammar ... which turned out to yield
disappointing results, even inferior to very simple
baselines. As an attempt to ameliorate this, and as
an attempt to confirm Klein and Manni...
... to-
kens rather than types. Then each potential depen-
dency corresponds to a different indicator φ
cpij
,
and the penalty is symmetric with respect to par-
ents and children. We will refer to ... will refer to PR
training with this constraint as PR-AS. Instead of
counting pairs of a child token and a parent type,
we can alternatively count pairs of a child token
and a paren...
... posterior by constraining it to be from
a mixture family of distributions. We will use x to
denote observable random variables, y to denote
hidden structure, and θ to denote the to- be-learned
parameters ... explored
in order to improve performance. For example,
Smith and Eisner (2006) have penalized the ap-
proximate posterior over dependency structures
in a natural language...
... the other hand, the uptake of rhodamines into cells
respiring with their coupled mitochondria demonstrated diminished sensi-
tivity to NBD-Cl and MK571. Thus, active pumping into the mitochondria
allowed ... the GLC4 cell line and its MRP1 over-expressing subline (GLC4 ⁄ ADR), the 2008 cell line and its sublines over-expressing
MRP1, MRP2 or MRP3, and the cell line HEK293 and...
... activates monocytes and macrophages to
produce cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor- a and interleukins IL-1b
and IL-6. These cytokines appear to be responsible for the neurotoxicity
observed ... phosphorylated ERK, p38 and JNK (p-ERK,
p-p38 and p-JNK) and total ERK, p38 and JNK (tERK, tp38 and
tJNK). (B) The ratio of phosphorylated to total ERK (p44 ⁄ 42), p38
and...
... of 5 lm cofilin to
4 lm TRC–F-actin in the presence of 2 mm and
30 mm Pi at pH 8.0 and 6.5 was measured by monitor-
ing fluorescence changes in a stopped-flow fluorometer
(Fig. 1). To saturate F-actin, ... can bind stoichiometrically to the
nucleotide cleft of ADP–F-actin protomers and ADP–
G-actin if the Pi concentration in the solution is high
enough. The K
d
for Pi in ADP–F-actin p...
... 1545
Inhibitory properties of cystatin F and its localization
in U937 promonocyte cells
Tomaz
ˇ
Langerholc
1
, Valentina Zavas
ˇ
nik-Bergant
1
, Boris Turk
1
, Vito Turk
1
, Magnus Abrahamson
2
and ... [21]. Higher
dithiotreitol concentrations than previously reported
[12] were needed to restore monomers and inhibi-
tory activity under nondenaturing conditions. Loss of
inhibitory po...