... it is the pri- mary information that is of interest. For example in the text of Figure 1 the matrix clauses (italicized) give the circumstantial information ofthe who, when and how ofthe ... position, namely whether the subject NP refers to the source as a sin- gle person, a group of people, or an institution. The analysis ofthe source NPs of seven reporting verbs further allowed us ... from the context.) The other members in the semantic fieM are set apart through their semantic collocations. Let us consider in depth the case of insist. One usage cart be found in the first...
... TotalTime. The number of inter- vals present during the total time period is calculated by dividing the total time period by the sum ofthe length of one incident ofthe action and the length of a ... is part ofthe representation ofthe primitive actions. The number of stirring events which fit in the total time period is calculated. The output consists of repetitions of pairs ofthe following ... duration and so the duration of the entire action is already fixed. In contrast, if the lexical aspect ofthe verb is a cul- mination or culminated process then the duration of the entire action...
... with the affix as head. In keeping with the I-IPSG Semant, ics Principle, thesemantics of the complex word is structure shared with the semantics ofthe head. (Riehemann, 1993) found that ... University of Rochester. B. Mayo, M T. Schepping, C. Schwarze, and A. Zal- fanella. 1995. Semantics in the derivational mor- phology of Italian: implications for the structure of the lexicon. ... ample, the entry for "durch' can be derived from Fig. 2 by deleting all information specific to the COMPlement "eilen'. except for the value of PREFIX]DIRCII. Thesemantics of...
... ev- idence of state change are less approximate (say in chemistry), it is not clear that it is always one ofthe clauses that is performing the role of establishing the truth ofthe sentence. ... determine the duration ofthe action (2 minutes)' [ibid] (my parentheses) s . I agree that the meaning is not simply that of log- ical disjunction, but we need to examine the issue further. ... repetition of an action". The name "duration of an action" conflates the concept of the basic action and its repetition. The sepa- ration is pertinent to the view that repetition...
... sets of lists of members of D to predicates in L, the length of a list being equal to the number of arguments in the predicate to which it corresponds; and (f} is a set of functions, the assignment ... incorporate concepts from the theory of fuzzy sets and systems. Further development ofthe latter of these efforts would be of particular interest in our present context, in view of work done by Zadeh ... further functions: F 2, which consists ofthe composition of (18vi) and F3; and FO, which consists ofthe composition of F 2, FI, and (181) and defines the overall function effected by the...
... string-description pairs for the nonterminal on the left-hand side ofthe rule, leaving all other nonterminals untouched• By taking the union ofthe denotations ofthe rules in a grammar, (which ... HFC without any notion ofthe NCP. Our final version ofthe HFC merely requires that the parent's head features be the generalization of the head features ofthe head children. Formally, ... Conclusion We have approached the problem of analyzing the meaning of grammar formalisms by applying the techniques of denotational semantics taken from work on thesemantics of computer languages....
... hypotheses of latent vectors for the definition of bank#n#12 Learning Latent Semanticsof Definitions2.1 IntuitionGiven only a few observed words in a definition,there are many hypotheses of ... arehighly related to the observed words. Therefore,missing words can be used to prune the hypothesesthat are also highly related to the missing words.Consider the hypotheses of latent vectors ... missing words of a sensedefinition as the whole vocabulary in a corpus minus the observed words in the sense definition. Sinceobserved words in definitions are too few to reveal the semanticsof senses,...
... Here the x-axis points direction ofthe half- axis ofthe particular side ofthe reference axis in the DCS; and in the case of "in front of& quot; y is the perpendicular direction in the ... ofthe long desk is a chair. Another chair is to the left ofthe long desk. The chair in front of the desk is near the short desk." OTHER APPROACHES AND CLOSING REMARKS Nearly all the ... addition to the constraint on the proximity of the LO and RO, projective prepositions place a constraint on the position ofthe LO relative to a particular side ofthe RO. In the case ofthe intrinsic...
... on. Semantics talks about the thematic relations between parts ofthe sen- tence such as event, agent, theme, experiencer, beneficiary, co-agent, and so on. These two closed classes of relations ... alternatives. The algorithm for the unified process: Given: A set of feasible attachments {AI} where each Ai is a fist ofthe two syntactic nodes being attached, the level of syntactic preference, ... parsers. Its theory of communication and the arbi- tration mechanism can explain data that modular theories of syntax and semantics can explain as well as data that interactive theories can...
... to the system. Dynamic model-theoretic semantics allows the evaluation of a formula to cause the addition of information to the model. This interaction ofthe evaluation of a formula and the ... other elements. If the expansion of the model is not properly managed, the result of the evaluation of such a formula can be wrong (i.e. inconsistent with the contents ofthe model). Two mechanisms ... equivalent, they would have the same element as their denotation. When an element that would distinguish the denotations of these two expressions was added to the model, the expansion of the element...
... co-occurrence The seman- tics ofthe combination ofthe entries is composi- tional. In other words, there are entries in the lex- icon for the base and the collocate, with the same senses as in the ... itself), the collocate, the frequency ofthe co- occurrence in some corpus, and the LSF which links the base with the collocate. Using the formalism of typed feature structures, both cases are of ... zones: the semantic zone (a semantic net- work representing the meaning ofthe entry in terms of more primitive words), the syntactic zone (the grammatical properties ofthe entry) and the lexi-...
... approach, the characteristics of the lexical ontology MeSH, the use of a corpus to examine the problem space, the method of determining the rela-tions, the accuracy ofthe results, and the problem of ... paraphrasing the relation between the nouns,and seeing if that paraphrase was the same for all the NCsin the group. If it was the same, then the current levels of the CP were considered to be the correct ... groupedtogether, we calculated the number of MeSH senses forwords at different levels ofthe hierarchy. Table 1 showsa histogram ofthe number of senses for the first noun of all the unique...
... derived by the system from the meanings of other modifiers, rather than separately acquired from the user• For example, if the meaning ofthe adjective "large" has been given by the user, ... MODIFIERS The job ofthe knowledge acquisition module of LDC, called "Prep" in Figure 1, is to' find out about (a) the vocabulary ofthe new domain and (b) the composition ofthe ... size of its argument, which is assumed to be a set; sum, which returns the sum of '.'-s list of inputs; aug, which returns the average of its list of inputs; and pct, which returns the...
... PredicatesIn the spirit ofthe MRS-based analysis for the German verbs gieflen and fi,illen that we have pre-sented above, we propose that the semantic prop-erties ofthe arguments of one ofthe ... capture the semantic properties of the arguments ofthe most representative verb of the impingement predicates class in German, the verbschlagen (hit) in examples (10)-(12) above, wepropose the ... argument ofthe embedded state- of- affairs. Finally, as far as direct arguments areconcerned, in Koenig and Davis (2000) these arepredicted to link off the value ofthe KEY attribute.3.1 The verbs...
... modification ofthe discourse situation, with each step taking the set of situation-types ofthe discourse situation, coupled with the interpretation of the utterance, to a new set of situation-types of ... speech acts can be thought of as the effects of the application of one or more inference enabling functions to the pair of sets of situation-types giving the model ofthe discourse (f (<s t. ... Nilsson (1971)): the correct version must be the result ofthe application of a series of operations, in correct order, to all previous states. The current set of situation-types ofthe discourse...