... biologists and wish became the father of thought andthe grandfather of observation: they claimed to see small but fully formed organisms in the sperm of men, horses, cocks and other animals and also ... distinct tissues come together, and here we will examine the generation ofthe neural tube in the newt andthe formation ofthe ducted submandibular glands ofthe mouse The latter example in particular ... development, the position of epithelial folding, the direction of spindle orientation and hence the direction of cell growth, the amount of sac contraction, andthe symmetry of epithelial drying...
... position at the present day The present theoriesofthe transmission of light and sound; ofthe production of winds, and sun-spots, andofthe method of development and dissemination of heat, are ... except in the direction of other spheres These theories throw new light upon the character and extent ofthe atmosphere ofthe moon and planets, andthe consequent availability of those and other ... ten feet of space Present theoriesof Supply of Sun-heat The present theoriesofthe production and dissemination of sun-heat, are simply accepted for want of better, and not because they account...
... one ofthe manganese ions This, together with the fact that the positions of other Fig Scheme ofthe binuclear manganese cluster andthe localization ofthe side-chains of Asp153 and Asn153 in the ... with the sequences of 1CEV and 1RLA and pasted into the structural alignment The alignment was then corrected by hand Since the sequences ofthe two arginases and agmatinase greately differ in the ... indicating that the environment of tryptophan residues is essentially conserved in the mutant enzyme On the other hand, the absence of major differences in the CD spectra ofthe wild-type and D153N...
... properties of both conserved and unique components ofthe Cag-T4SS, together with potential implications for the current understanding of its mode of action The cagPAI andthe Cag type IV secretion ... details of secretion apparatus assembly, as well as in themolecular mechanisms of effector protein secretion This minireview describes the composition ofthe cagPAI andthe properties of both ... complex proteins A further step in the assembly ofthe secretion apparatus would be the recruitment of components forming the inner membrane pore ofthe secretion apparatus The Cag system contains...
... and sequenced as above The fulllength cDNA of lac1 was then generated by 3¢-RACE using the primer 5¢-TCTCAACCGTCGACAGCAG TGTTCGTG-3¢ designed from the sequence ofthe extreme 5¢ end of lac1 The ... abundance was evaluated in the exponential phase ofthe reaction (half ofthe maximum product) To further validate the assays, the optimized cycle number (23 and 28 for gpd and lac1, respectively) ... purified and characterized one of these laccases, lac1, and cloned and sequenced the cDNA encoding the protein RT-PCR was used to study the regulation of lac1 gene expression in V volvacea when the...
... elucidate the role ofthe positively charged residue Arg78 andthe effect ofthe reduction of cationicity of MBP in the triggering of multiple sclerosis Flexible docking calculations ofthe MBP(74–85) ... the binding and affinity for I-Au because of occupation ofthe P1 pocket Recent thermodynamic and kinetic studies ofthe binding of TCRs to peptide–MHC ligands suggested that the low affinity of ... distant from the side chain of Arg78 The side chain of Arg78 is less well defined, as in the case of aqueous solution, because ofthe absence of interactions with the side chains of Asp81 (in the agonist...
... induced against the linear isoform ofthe HNE peptide Although the binding pattern may be somewhat blurred by these antibodies and by the polyclonal nature ofthe sera, the importance of residues ... with the intact protein (Fig 8B,F) For the binding ofthe sera to the HNE peptide, the importance ofthe Cys residues was relatively low, in comparison to the binding with the mAbs BH216, BH21 and ... Similarly, the e-amino group of K387 could form a salt bridge with the close carboxyl group of E395 and further stabilize the peptide structure within the complex with the antibody In the virus, the...
... atoms near the surface, as compared with those in the bulk, andthe increasing dominance ofthe surface would decrease the strength ofthe structure 3.2 The melting properties ofthe SiNWs The variation ... [30], and in the present simulation the load is along the [11 0] orientation andthe resolved shear stress on the (111) plane causes the sliding After the formation ofthe neck, the plastic deformations ... Effects of (a) temperature and (b) strain rate on the tension behaviour ofthe SiNWs ties of nanowires as a function of their diameters (as shown in Fig 1) As for the triangular-shaped SiNWs in the...
... with the O atom ofthe main chain CO group ofthe TrpB240; Ng1 shares H bonding with O atom ofthe CO group of LeuB387 together with O atom of c-OH of SerB386; Ng2 is in H bonding with Od1 of AsnB241 ... COO– in the aminic part determines the position ofthe substrate within the S1¢-binding subsite O atoms ofthe main chain CO groups of LeuB387 and TrpB240, Od1 atom of AsnB241, and Oc atom of SerB386 ... presence of a single roughly conical groove, the hydrophobic part of which accommodates the phenylacetyl moiety ofthe ligands The more polar aminic moiety resides in the open part ofthe groove,...
... disulfide bond These estimates ofthemolecular mass of ST94 were supported by the result of gel permeation HPLC (Fig 3) There was a minor band between 140 and 232 kDa in the native-PAGE of Fig 2A ... with trypsin Themolecular masses ofthe subunits of ST94 and ST94t were similar to those ofthe proenzymes ( 70–80 kDa) andthe activated enzymes by proteolysis ( 60–70 kDa) of a bivalve tyrosinase ... affect the activities of ST94 and ST94t Table Effects of tyrosinase inhibitors on the o-diphenolase activities of ST94 and ST94t The o-diphenolase activities of ST94 and ST94t were measured by the...
... the soluble and insoluble fractions of renal cortex and renal papilla The 105-kDa protein in the kidney is specifically located in the medulla, andthe localization ofthe 105-kDa protein is the ... pattern of HSP90 andthe 105-kDa protein under the same conditions in the presence of some kinds of protease inhibitors However, the induction patterns ofthe 105-kDa protein and HSP90 were the same ... protein the same as the other molecular chaperones like a HSP70 and GRP78 Amino-acid sequence ofthe 105-kDa protein To investigate the biochemical properties ofthe 105-kDa protein, the amino-acid...
... Although the precise localization ofthe domains responsible for receptor binding and translocation activity remains unclear, these domains are located in the N-terminus of each of these toxins and ... is the detection ofthe modification, which involves the detection of a molecular mass change of Da in a relatively large protein substrate (20–45 kDa) Another challenge is the development of ... current understanding ofthe structure–function, mechanism of action and cellular consequences of this newest member ofthe G-protein-deamidating dermonecrotic toxin family Epizootic and zoonotic...
... i.e DIMs and PGL-tb; and (b) to address the question ofthe function ofthe two related molecules DIM A and DIM B According to the accepted model of DIM and PGL biosynthesis [17], DIM A and PGL-tb ... bacteria ofthe PMM56 mutant strain were present in the spleen of these mice For the determination ofthe number of PMM56 bacteria present in the spleen of these four mice, we thus chose a value of ... roles ofthe various members ofthe DIM family, e.g DIM A and DIM B, in these functions have never been investigated The recent developments in our understanding ofthe biosynthetic pathway of DIMs...
... With the exception of four a-helices and two pairs of short b-strands, the rest ofthe protein consists almost entirely of loops connecting the b-strands The loops extending from the Ó FEBS 2004 ... b-sandwich are composed of seven b-strands Many ofthe side-chains in the b-sheets are hydrophobic, and interactions between these residues appear to hold the b-sandwich in position With the ... was 1.8°, the standard deviation ofthe hydrogen bond energies was 0.7 and overall G-factor, a measure ofthe normality ofthe structure, was 0.0 Fig SDS/PAGE and activity analysis of recombinant...
... identification ofthe minimal essential region required for the interaction with the middle domain, which mediates the dimerization of HSP90, andthe other, the identification ofthe minimal region ofthe ... roles ofthe C-terminal domain of HSP90 (Eur J Biochem 270) 147 and geldanamycin, a specific inhibitor of HSP90 molecular chaperone; andthe other is in the C-terminal domain Minami et al [16] and ... middle and C-terminal domains of GRP94 The bacterial two-hybrid system was used to evaluate the binding activity The value ofthe combination ofthe middle andthe C-terminal domains was set...
... (A213–N239) and is coordinated to the Ca2+ ion In PAL the corresponding loop (S202– F207) is shorter andthe water molecule in the coordination sphere ofthe metal is substituted by the OH group of T205 ... by the abundance of charged residues on the surface which enhances flexibility and ability of interaction with the solvent [3] Both factors are of importance for cold activity On the other hand, ... hand, the presence of disulphide bridges may increase the rigidity ofthe protein backbone and therefore its thermostability [35] Interestingly, the only disulphide bridge present in BCL and PAL...
... world The dark matterofthe mind, the unconscious, has the greatest psychic gravity Disregard the dark matterofthe universe and anomalies appear Ignore the dark matterofthe mind and our irrationality ... explanatorily idle, and then shift the burden of proof to the proponent of a less simple theory In Albert Einstein’s words: The grand aim of all science is to cover the greatest possible number of empirical ... fine-tuning of initial conditions at the moment ofthe Big Bang with an incredible accuracy of about 10-60 Recent developments in string theory, the most popular candidate for the role ofthe Theory of...
... situated on the side ofthe species in the majority represented in the neighbourhood, the sessile oak The comparison ofthe mean values ofthe groups on the first axis of DFAa by means ofthe F-test ... means ofthe comparison ofthe RAPD marker frequencies of a subsampling of these progenies andofthe adult population Analysis ofthe morphological characters MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling The ... analysis In the second case ofthe figure, the heterozygote deficit (f) must be considered The frequency ofthe phenotype A+ is the sum ofthe frequency ofthe genotype P : +/+ All ofthe 41 ied...
... activities The residual cost (Table 1) is the difference between the cost of null hypothesis andthe total cost The larger the difference between the cost ofthe null hypothesis and total cost, the ... %Y, the percentage of known actives in the hit list (recall); Ht, the number of hits retrieved; D, the number of compounds in the Page of 13 database; E, the enrichment ofthe concentration of ... found at the bottom ofthe gorge The combination of these interactions in other inhibitors (e.g., donepezil, galanthamine) is already found in the AChE crystal complex structure and therefore the...
... detected to 43% of Arabidopsis (14,382 of 33,405), 38% of Populus (16,202 of 42,344), 40% of Ricinus (12,494 of 31,221), 55% of Vitis (13,017 of 23,493), 47% of Oryza (12,652 of 26,940), 38% of Sorghum ... estimation of these properties allows the recognition of general differences among the transcriptomes, enhancing the understanding of their distributions We note that the most Page of 15 Figure ... conceived ofthe project and were responsible for directing all ofthe research activities, and also have assisted in the writing ofthe manuscript All authors have read and approved the final...