... enhance international criminal proceedings,14 theprincipleof fairness to apply in these proceedings15 and the introduction in ICL—made by the Nuremberg and Tokyo Tribunals ofthe notion of individual ... that the inclusion of defenses inthe sphere of ICL constitutes an important stage inthe recognition oftheprincipleof fairness in international litigation and therefore the application of human ... still-evolving aspect of ICL Starting in Chapter V, the specific concept of command responsibility inthe course of these operations and conflicts is discussed, elaborating on the concept ofthe so-called...
... at the ICTY, the ICTR, and the Special Panels, and they examine, among other things, the nature ofthe bargaining that has occurred, the rationales used to justify that bargaining, the effect of ... detailing the financial constraints impeding the prosecution of international crimes The following sections—which examine the budgetary difficulties ofthe ad hoc tribunals, the ICC, the hybrid international-domestic ... method for increasing the numbers of prosecutions that can be undertaken: the use of plea bargaining to obtain guilty pleas In particular, these chapters explore in detail the plea bargaining that...
... party, in order that the official act or refrain from acting in relation to the performance of official duties, in order to obtain or retain business or other improper advantage inthe conduct of international ... proof that the briber intended to influence the actions ofthe bribed official; they not require proof that the official did, in fact, alter his/her conduct Similarly, the offence of trading in ... applied inthe pertinent area of law of that signatory, e.g teachers and doctors ● Meets the definition of a “public official” inthe domestic law ofthe signatory, including the definitions for “official”,...
... 7(1) ofthe Tribunal Statute Individual criminal responsibility includes committing, planning, instigating, ordering or otherwise aiding and abetting inthe planning, preparation or execution of ... Article 7(1) ofthe ICTY Statute; Article 29 ofthe Law on the Establishment ofthe Extraordinary Chambers inthe Courts of Cambodia for the Prosecution of Crimes Committed during the Period of Democratic ... discussed inthe second book in this series Introduction the accused when combined with the criminal conduct and mental state ofthe physical perpetrator There are two other key terms of art in the...
... failed to inform the members ofthe Security Council ofthe deteriorating situation in Rwanda inthe months preceding the genocide They were predominantly focused on the impartiality ofthe U.N ... and a board of governors for this chair The research was done withinthe framework ofthe Netherlands Institute of Human Rights inthe Law Faculty ofthe Utrecht University, and at the Maastricht ... those who were interviewed inthe course ofthe research, as they contributed greatly by telling us about their roles inthe decisionmaking from 1993 to 1994 The Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs...
... participation inthe investigation stage ofthe proceedings inthe appeal ofthe OPCD against the decision ofthe Pre-Trial Chamber I of 3.12.2007 and inthe appeals ofthe OPCD and the Prosecutor against ... General Principles of Liability 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Perpetration/commission 15.3 Joint criminal enterprise 15.4 Aiding and abetting 15.5 Ordering, instigating, soliciting, inducing and inciting ... criminal law 1.2 Other concepts of international criminal law 1.3 Sources of international criminal law 1.4 International criminal law and other areas of law 1.5 A body of criminal law 3 13 16 The...
... was composed of a number of interweaving strands including, inter alia: (i) challenges to the compatibility ofthe 1950 Law and the proceedings in general with theprincipleof legality, or nullem ... because ofthe consent ofthe State of Japan to war crimes trials inthe Instrument of Surrender .The focus at Tokyo was instead upon the extent ofthe scope of that consent and whether the crimes ... published in international criminal law, the author ofThePrincipleof Complementarity in International Criminal Law (Martinus Nijhoff, 2008) and co-editor ofThe ICC and Complementarity from Theory...
... use ofthe criminal law doctrine of joint criminal enterprise inthe Tribunal’s jurisprudence In Chapter , Professor André Nollkaemper looks at the development of general principles of law by the ... against an accused, thereby having a direct bearing on the determination ofthe guilt or innocence ofthe accused, does not, inthe view ofthe Appeals Chamber, constitute “routine matters” within ... formed the basis ofthe negotiations, was ofthe view that the judges ofthe court should draft the rules, like the judges ofthe ICTY, subject to the approval of States parties Article () of the...
... project examining the international trafficking of women and children inthe Americas, the findings of which were published in a seminal report entitled In Modern Bondage: Sex Trafficking inthe Americas.7 ... man Often referred to as the “father” of modern international criminal law, his fingerprints are upon every major international criminal law instrument ofthe past 45 years including the Apartheid ... relations and the historical antecedents of both The principles within Islam are based on the “recognition ofthe inherent dignity and ofthe equal and inalienable rights of all members ofthe OCHA...
... criminal law inthe broad sense as being one into the ‘Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind’: Draft Code of Crimes Against the Peace and Security of Mankind, in Report ofThe International ... the principles and procedures governing the international investigation and prosecution of these crimes As we shall see, in practice the greater part ofthe enforcement of international criminal ... international criminal law 1.3 Sources of international criminal law 1.4 International criminal law and other areas of law 1.5 A body of criminal law The Objectives of International Criminal Law 2.1 Introduction...
... act on the basis of international criminal law 1.b purposes oflegalityin criminal law The purposes oftheprincipleoflegalityin criminal law can be divided into four sets The first set includes ... scripta instead of simply lege Most of this book is about the non-retroactivity of criminal law worldwide The other aspects oftheprincipleoflegality and the rule of law inthe criminal sphere ... Chapter introduces the issues raised by the principles of nullum crimen sine lege and nulla poena sine lege, which are the core oftheprincipleoflegalityin criminal law It also raises a few other...
... extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction: the international legal principleof nonintervention, which limits a state’s permissible intervention inthe internal affairs of another state; theprincipleof predictability ... on the nature ofthe crimes involved – not so much on the kind of harm they inflict (they all involve serious harm done to individuals), but more on how they pertain to the legitimacy ofthe ... presents The main difference between the two principles is this: Inthe case ofthe protective principle, it is the nation as a whole that is harmed by the crime whereas inthe case of passive...
... 1-85941-776-0 10 Printed and bound in Great Britain FOREWORD The publication ofthe second edition of International Criminal Law coincides with the first real work ofthe International Criminal Court ... Table of International Instruments 1948 Protocol Bringing Under International Control Drugs Outside the Scope ofthe Convention of 13 July 1931 for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution ... emanating from the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and developments relating to the International Criminal Court and other...
... Table of Contents 6.1 6.2 6.3 The 1951 Draft Code of Offences against the Peace & Security of Mankind The 1954 Draft Code of Offences against the Peace & Security of Mankind The 1949 – 1950 Meetings ... which finally led to the idea found inthe Rome Statute The bulk of Dr El Zeidy’s discussion is contained in a second part ofthe book, dealing with thePrincipleof Complementarity inthe Statute ... punished Another section of Dr El Zeidy’s book is devoted to the work ofthe International Law Commission in preparing the draft codes of offences against the peace and security of mankind and the statute...
... quality ofthe act are allowed to influence sentencing? According to Ashworth, in taking into account the quality ofthe act, the courts are simply establishing another measure ofthe level of harm ... presumably less in need of being rehabilitated or of being deterred from doing the same thing again The other group of considerations relating to the offender concerns the likely effect of a sentence ... MITIGATION The circumstances ofthe offence Three types of factor, relating to the circumstances ofthe offence, influence sentencing First, the level of harm done is relevant If a minimal amount of...
... Inthe case of a legal provision amounting to a principle, the application oftheprinciple is a matter of fixing the content oftheprinciple s subject matter, and then considering whether the ... considering a single example The definition of theft in ss 1–6 ofthe Theft Act 1968 includes within its terms illustrations ofthe particularly Search for Principle 17 In such a case, the simplistic ... with the possibility of also delving into theprinciple as rationale in use (ii) Looked at from the side ofthe competing rule, it is a matter of deciding the structural positioning ofthe rule within...
... make in interpreting and applying the law (and ofthelaws that they are interpreting and applying), and that we can therefore identify as implicit inthe law Such an identification would be the ... why the distinction matters We will gain a clearer understanding (both analytical and critical) ofthe structure ofthe criminal law, and ofthe principles of criminal liability, if we distinguish ... cannot offer an adequately exculpatory answer; and ofthe principles and values inthe light of which the criminal law’s content should be determined This is the start of a sketch of criminal responsibility,...
... Regulating Deviance that took place at the International Institute for the Sociology of Law in Onati, Spain in June 2007 The main aim ofthe workshop was to gather together experts inthe fields of ... primarily inthe writing of scholars rather than the opinions of courts’.4 Yet inthe modern law, the scholars’ role in constituting the boundaries of criminalisation receives scant attention, whether ... asylums and other institutions designed for the long-term and often indefinite incapacitation of those deemed incapable of law-abiding behaviour.6 In much of continental Europe the influence of eugenics...
... have an interest either inthe area of criminal justice, or in law more broadly, or inthe development of feminist theoretical work There is important and useful material for all of them in this ... by the sexism of those involved in enforcing the new lawsIn fact, according to Marie Fox’s chapter, feminists studying criminal law need to extend their gaze even further than the whole criminal ... the feminist critique of criminal law rules and its combination with the insights of criminology and criminal justice, let alone those of other disciplines, remains patchy in mainstream criminal...
... processes, increasing their efficiency and Bloy and Parry’s Principles of Criminal Law strengthening the effectiveness of their relationships with others across the whole ofthe criminal justice ... questions as the purpose ofthe criminal law, the function ofthe judge and the jury, the burden and the standard of proof, and the right to appeal We have also attempted to explain how criminal offences ... JUDICIAL LAW MAKING 1.4 THE ROLE OFTHE HOUSE OF LORDS AS THE FINAL APPELLATE COURT 1.5 THE PURPOSE OFTHE CRIMINAL LAW 1.6 A WAY FORWARD – CODIFICATION OFTHE LAW? 1.7 THE DECISION TO CRIMINALISE CONDUCT...