... divided the United States from the large majority of other states that voted to adopt the Rome Statute ofthe Court, in partic-ular the role ofthe Security Council, the powers ofthe prosecutor, the questions ... about the politicsofinternational law, not the ‘letter ofthelaw . It exploreshow politics conditions internationallaw as an institution, and, most17‘Legalization and World Politics , International ... volumes. The aim ofthe series is to publish the bestnew scholarship in International Studies from Europe, North America,and the rest ofthe world. ThePoliticsofInternational Law adopt...
... FBAWhewell Professor ofInternational Law, Faculty of Law, andDirector, Lauterpacht Research Centre for International Law, University of CambridgeJohn S. Bell FBAProfessor of Law, Faculty of Law, ... interna-tional law is further reflected by the structure of many ofthe majortextbooks ofinternational law, which introduce the subject by outlin-ing the problem and offering some sort of solution ... problem, and the critiques of these attempts have, on the whole, constituted the central theoretical debate ofthe discipline.6 The defining character of this problem to the whole discipline of interna-tional...
... FBAWhewell Professor ofInternational Law, Faculty of Law, andDirector, Lauterpacht Research Centre for International Law, University of CambridgeJohn S. Bell FBAProfessor of Law, Faculty of Law, ... to the history of international law, illuminating the imperial character ofthe disciplineand its enduring significance for peoples ofthe Third World.antony anghie is Professor ofLaw at the ... sovereign ratherthan the Pope.Vitoria further undermines the position ofthe Church by refutinganother justification for Spanish conquest ofthe Indies: the argumentthat the Emperor is lord of the...
... evaluate the state of achievement of policy goals ofthe government sector only on the basis of financial data, the member SAIs must check whether the policies have led to the achievement of their ... convergence of such standards, and reviews past activities. (The views expressed in this paper are the personal views ofthe author and do not reflect the official view of the Board of Audit of Japan.) ... Code of Ethics, because the SAI’s independence from the audited entities, the transparency ofthe SAI’s organization and management, and the ethical views ofthe staff ofthe SAI addressed by those...
... January 1976ICJ International Court of JusticeICJ Reports Reports oftheInternational Court of JusticeICLQ International and Comparative Law QuarterlyICRC International Committee ofthe RedCrossICRC ... Conventionfor the Amelioration ofthe Condition of the Wounded and Sick in ArmedForces in the Field: Commentary(ICRC, Geneva, 1952) table ofconventions xlvii1993Convention on the Prohibition ofthe ... 95/46/EC (Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and ofthe Council on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on xxxiv table ofconventionsArt. 25 6,...
... oflaw such as criminal law, contract law, and thelawof torts, or spe-cific types of law, such as municipal state law, judge-made law, and customary law. 2 The philosophy ofinternationallaw ... of customary law. In the context of the discussion ofthe processes ofinternational law- making and hence of the sources or identification of its norms, the question ofthe kind of norms created27See ... THE PHILOSOPHY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW SECTION I HISTORY OFTHE PHILOSOPHY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1 State of Nature versus Commercial Sociability as the Basis of International Law: Reflections on the...
... Kennedy, The Disciplines ofInternationalLaw , 12 Leiden Journal ofInternationalLaw (1999) 9, at 18.19 Cf. Anthony Carty, The Decay ofInternational Law? A Reappraisal ofthe Limits of Legal ... TheInternational Responsibility of States for Breach of Multilateral Obligations’, 10 European Journal ofInternationalLaw (1999) 353. 78Report oftheInternationalLaw Commission on the ... snare ofthe debate are by no means quite as recent. The idea of a fragmenting internationallaw brings into question issues such as the systemic character ofinternational law, the lack of hierarchy,...
... considering the place of international law among the sciences’,57and international lawyers ofthe periodinvariably refer to the ‘science’ ofinternational law. 58 The positivist self-image of being ... 1905.13Westlake was Whewell Professor ofInternationalLaw in the University of Cambridgein 1894, at the time ofthe publication of his work, Chapters on the Principles of InternationalLaw (Cambridge: Cambridge ... Oppenheim, The Science of International Law. 59Lawrence, The Principles ofInternational Law, p.94.60Ibid., p. 1. 40 imperialism, sovereignty and internationallaw The second section of this...
... power.12And for the most part, the initiators of totalitarian rulepursued their aims in the name of some grand moral imperative – the Aryan domination ofthe sub-human races ofthe world or the Wnalestablishment ... themselves, at the very least in the eyes of their supporters,as legitimate interests, arguing not just the contingent existence of theirdesires but the rightness and justness of their claims ... determine theirmoral justiWability or lack thereof. Whether the wartime allies did enoughto assist victims ofthe Nazi holocaust; whether America should havedropped the atomic bomb on Japan; whether...
... R,islower;— the probability of success ofthe risky project, π,ishigher;— the efficiency of monitoring, P, is higher and the cost of monitoring, C,islower;— the cost of default, D, and the cost of loan ... numer-ically. The second and third terms represent the sum ofthethe marginal pdf and the conditionalcdf.Efficiency can be further improved if we take into account the panel structure ofthe data ... JTis the T ìT matrix of ones, the AR(1) coefficient |ρ| < 1 and the variance ofthe randomeffect 0 ≤ σ2a< 1.38This parameterization allows for random effects and the AR(1) structure of the...
... maximize their own preferences,rather than those ofthe citizenry. Often the preferences of these public of- ficials are assumed to be political support, either in the form of votes or in the form of ... equilibria of compliance with a rule of customary inter-national law. This is a general theory ofthe binding nature of international law, and more specifically ofthe capacity of customary international ... norms ofinternational law, such as rules against the use of force, human rights laws, or international environmental laws. Rather,this book focuses on the constitution or structure of international...
... implementation of two sets of laws: the Laws on the Reform of the Payment Bureaux and the Civil Service Law. Chapter 4 discusses the UNMIK administration of Kosovo, analysing the reform ofthe judicial ... implications of understandings of sovereignty for the behaviour oftheinternational community, the distinction between the domain ofthe state the political—and the domain of society—for example the ... implications ofthe findings from the case studies for the policymaking ofinternational administrations. It assesses the authority of the three international administrations in the light of their statebuildingpractices,...