... A5E01100600-01 2.10 Retrieving Archived Data Archived data must be retrievable at all times Following system updates, care must be taken that the data transferred to archive prior to the update remains ... problems in a plant is strongly recommended 2-10 Guidelines for Implementing automation projects in a GMP environment A5E01100600-01 2.9 Data Backup In contrast to the archiving of electronic data, ... alarms, etc to be archived with unequivocal time stamps Time synchronization to a standard time is desirable, however not absolutely necessary Time synchronization when archiving data and analyzing...
... direction Nontouching Loops: Loops that not have any nodes in common Nontouching: Two loops are nontouching if these loops have no nodes in common A loop and a path are nontouching if they have ... loop and a path are nontouching if they have no nodes in common Nontouching-Loop Gain: The product of loop gains from nontouching loops taken two, three, and four, and so on at a time Number of ... derive their valuable accurate reproduction of the input from feedback comparison The general architecture of a closed-loop control system is shown in Fig 1.7 A system with one or more feedback...
... Objectives of Control • • • • • • Purchase only made when there is a genuine need Value for money is achieved Goods /services delivered is satisfactory Liabilities are recorded completely and accurately ... of a sequence check Purchase Invoice Serial numbering Evidence of sequence check Evidence of matching purchase invoices with GRNs and purchase order Evidence for checking casts, extensions and ... further processing Examples of Control Test…cont Documents Test For Credit Note Evidence of matching credit notes to goods returned notes Payable ledger Evidence of authorization of all adjustments...
... Hubei, China and P Yu University of Western Ontario Ontario, Canada Xiaoxin Liao Department of Control Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology 430074 Wuhan, Hubei China ... (t, x)) ∈ U, and (t + h, x(t, x)) ∈ U Let L be the Lipschitz constant of V (t, x) in x on U Making use of the Taylor expansion and the Lipschitz condition we arrive at V (t + h, x(t, x)) − V (t, ... solution of system (1.2) became globally stable but restricted to cases n = 2, Very little has been achieved for n ≥ Now, almost nobody continues to follow the Aizrman conjecture to study the global...
... been achieved, then a compensator must be inserted into the system The compensator is designed so that the system achieves the desired perfor mance specifications Two possible approaches for achieving ... ideal system perfonnance is achieved For a practical control system, physical realiz ability of components limits the extent to which the ideal system perfonnance can be achieved The advent of the ... performance speci fications are achieved Emulate test, and iterate the implemented design Technical knowledge of con temporary digital-computer hardware and software architectures has a critical in...
... at to if the function f satisfies the Lipschitz condition locally around t o [14] Note that the function g(x) given in definition 3.1 satisfies the Lipschitz condition locally if the conditions ... system operates in the nonlinear region new performance criteria have to be defined and new ways of achieving the desired performance must be developed There are two major problems that multiple saturations ... systems requires good modelling, is difficult to calculate open loop solutions, or the resulting switching surfaces are complicated to work with For these reasons, in most applications the optimal...
... test If satisfactory system performance is achieved, you are done If excessive overshoot and oscillation occur before acceptable response time is achieved, you will need to add a derivative term ... performance (other than steady-state error) is achieved, go to step If excessive overshoot and oscillation occur before acceptable response time is achieved, you will need to add a derivative term ... mathematical rigor in the procedures, thorough testing of the resulting control system design is strongly advocated For the more advanced algorithms, this book demonstrates how to apply the best...
... input and output for an automatic washing machine Many washing machines operate in the following manner After the clothes have been put into the machine, the soap or detergent, bleach, and water ... 100%cleanliness has been achieved 1.6 How are the following open-loop systems calibrated: ( a ) automatic washing machine, ( b ) automatic toaster, ( c ) voltmeter? Automatic washing machines are calibrated ... completed, the machine shuts itself o f f If the proper amounts of detergent, bleach, and water, and the appropriate temperature of the water are predetermined or specified by the machine manufacturer,...
... windup and override capabilities In adchion, they provide more advanced logic capability, dead-time simulation, and adaptive tuning Some of the last named achieve self-tuning via stochastic techniques ... close as possible to a desired composition.t It is usually true that minimum operating cost is achieved when the products are controlled at minimum acceptable purities This is so because the relationship ... Column controls should facilitate startup and shutdown and, by implication, should make it easy to achieve total reflux operation when desired Transitions When it is desired to change product compositions,...
... Motivation for considering non-exponential machines The case of non-exponential machines is important for at least two reasons: First, in practice the machines often have up- and downtime distributed ... are available Machine up- and downtimes are distributed identically (i.e., exponentially) Machine up- and downtimes may have different distributions Coefcients of variation of machine up- and downtimes ... machine mi , i = 1, , M , has two states: up and down When up, the machine is capable of processing one part per cycle time; when down, no production takes place The cycle times of all machines...
... ts In other words, we are looking for such an open-loop control function v = v(t), which will achieve it in a finite time interval tf - ts The start and final points will be also called the terminal ... ϕ) (t) = s i=2 ( (i 1 (t − 1) (i−2) − 2) + 1) Finally, complete control (3.28) applied to Λ, achieving the task, is u(t) = −x1 +3x2 + √ 3 −12 ( ) + 5π ( ) + 4π ( ) −36 ( ) + 15π ( ) + 2π 4 4 ... candidates for control functions presented in the article is not the only one possible Other functions achieving the task can also be found Since in our approach no restrictions are posed on the trajectory...
... established in Proposition 3.2, the result follows Acknowledgment This research was supported by Fondecyt Chile under Grant no 1.070.980 References V Lakshmikantham, S Leela, and A A Martynyuk, Stability ... equations,” Journal of Difference Equations and Applications, vol 10, no 12, pp 1085–1105, 2004 A Feliachi and A Thowsen, “Memoryless stabilization of linear delay-differential systems,” IEEE Transactions...
... block diagram function is presented This cost function does not guarantee system linearity, but it achieves suitable ranges as a necessary condition for linearity Simulation and experimental results ... similarly as in [9], it is easy to see from (21) that V∞ → if S = S Henceforth, the weight vector W achieves EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing its optimum weight in the steady state If S ... obtained up to KHz Comparing Figures 13 and 14, it is clear that an attenuation of about 30 dB is achieved at 270 Hz in both FXLMS and the proposed EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing 40...
... global Lipschitz constants to determine a bound on the the worst-case distance between a solution of the uncertain model (12), and that of the underlying nominal model estimate This Lipschitz-based ... eKf T L ∗ ↑ ∗ ¯ where KW is a Lipschitz constant of W i ( x, Θ) over the compact domain X0 ∩ Xfi (Θ), maximal over all Θ ∈ cov {Θo } Likewise, K L is a Lipschitz constant of L( x, u) with respect ... Fax: +385 (51) 686 166 www.intechopen.com InTech China Unit 405, Office Block, Hotel Equatorial Shanghai No.65, Yan An Road (West), Shanghai, 200040, China Phone: +86-21-62489820 Fax: +86-21-62489821...
... section showing how to achieve the same ends using the Laplace transform It is hoped that this dual approach will enrich student understanding of this material In approaching these, and other, ... inputs that would suddenly add to the stored energy in a system are not realistic and cannot be achieved in the natural world 2.2.3 Translational Dampers An ideal damper is shown in free-body diagram ... symbol designation and a nonlinear function to describe it: TNLS = fNL (1 − 2 ) Linearization to achieve a local incremental stiffness Kinc is often feasible, as in the previously discussed case...
... 1-905209-35-5 ISBN 13: 978-1-905209-35-4 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire Table of Contents Preface xv Part...