indoor mackeup air arrangement reference

... and air pollutants, only indoor air is addressed here. In this study the leaves, roots, soil, and associated microorganisms of plants have been evaluated as a possible means of reducing indoor air ... 8 Microbiological Analysis 8 Activated Carbon-Houseplant Air Filter System 8 Results and Discussion 9 Summary 18 Acknowledgments 18 References 19 FIGURES 1. Indoor air purification system combining houseplants ... Navka Press, Moscow. 22 A PROMISING, ECONOMICAL SOLUTION TO INDOOR AIR POLLUTION The first and most obvious step in reducing indoor air pollution is to reduce off-gassing from building materials...

... of multiple indoor air pollutants. It is used as a complementary indica- tor to decrease indoor pollution level in total and achieve healthy indoor air environment. 109) The in- door air concentration ... compounds (VOC) in indoor air. Indoor Environ., 10, 147–154 (in Japanese). 71) Chikara, H., Iwamoto,S.andYoshimura,T. (2009) Indoor Air Pollution of volatile organic compounds Indoor/ Outdoor concentration, ... Kunugita, N. (2009) Study of Indoor Air Pollution. Indoor Env- iron., 12, 71–86 (in Japanese). 13) Irie, T. (2007) Historical review on the indoor envi- ronment and health. Indoor Environ., 10, 129–135 (in...

... national burden of disease from indoor air pollution in India. In: Raw G, Aizlewood C, Warren P, eds. Indoor Air 99, the 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, August ... health impact of indoor air pollution in developing countries Attempts have been made to quantify the impact of exposure to air pollution, including that arising from indoor air pollution, globally ... Consequently, women and young children are exposed to high levels of indoor air pollution every day. There is consistent evidence that indoor air pollution increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease...

... all who breathe polluted air. Yet in rural areas of developing countries, indoor air pollution can be much worse than atmospheric pollution levels in big cities. Indoor air pollution is a major ... of Ophthal- mology 107: 670–676. xi Smith, K.R. 2002. Indoor air pollution in developing countries: recommendations for research. Indoor Air 12: 1–7. See also National Family Health Survey Bulletins ... alone die prematurely because of indoor air pollution. i Data to be released shortly by the World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that, worldwide, indoor air pollution (mostly in de- veloping...

... concentrations of pollutants in indoor air. Therefore, indoor exposure, including that in occupational settings, dominates total exposure for many pollutants. Indoor sources of air pollution can be categorized ... furniture. 7 Indoor concentrations of pol- lutants depend on the quantity of emissions, the vol- ume of the polluted space, and the rate of exchange between indoor and outdoor air. The principal indoor ... domestic indoor pollution as a health prob- lem in industrialized countries. 9,10 INDOOR AIR POLLUTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Household use of solid fuels is the most widespread source of indoor...

... their time. Thus, although air pollutant emissions are dominated by outdoor sources, human exposure to air pollutants is dominated by the indoor environment. 7 12 Indoor Air Pollution Associated ... (microorganisms/cubicmeter) 1.1 Introduction Indoor air pollution is recognized as a significant source of potential health risks to exposed popula- tions throughout the world. The major sources of indoor air pollution worldwide ... rela- tively few studies have been carried out in southern 14 Indoor Air Pollution Associated with Household Fuel Use in India Indoor Air Pollution Associated with Household Fuel Use in India An...

... Geneva: WHO. ———. 2004a. Indoor Air Thematic Briefing 1: Indoor Air Pollution, Household Energy and the Millennium Development Goals.” Geneva: WHO. http://www.who.int/indoorair/info/en/iabriefing1rev.pdf. ———. ... “Addressing the Links between Indoor Air Pollution, Household Energy, and Human Health: Based on the WHO-USAID Global Consultation on the Health Impact of Indoor Air Pollution and Household Energy ... http://www.who.int/research/en/. ———. 2004c. “Evidence for Policy Makers: Indoor Air Pollution.” Geneva: WHO. http://www.who.int/indoorair/policy/en/. ———. 2004d. “The World Health Survey.” Geneva: WHO....

... Respiratory Effects of Indoor Air Pollution Lung function generally is dependent on linear height, age, and sex. For the purposely of testing the respiratory effects of indoor air pollutants, children have ... plastics were manufactured with asbestos. 4 Indoor Air Pollutants Affecting Child Health Outline 1.0 Introduction – Alan Woolf 1.1 Scope of Indoor Air Pollution 1.2 Vulnerability of Children ... to normal air. 1.2.4 Children with Underlying Chronic Illness Children with chronic pulmonary diseases such as cystic fibrosis or asthma are more susceptible to both indoor and outdoor air pollutants exacerbating...

... coal-burning for household energy needs. Use of these fuels indoors leads to levels of indoor air pollution many times higher than international ambient air quality standards allow for, exposing poor women ... Romieu I, Bruce N. Indoor air pollution in developing countries and acute respiratory infections in children. Thorax, 2000, 55: 518-532. 7. Bruce N, Perez-Padilla R, Alablak R. Indoor air pollution ... infec- tions as a result of exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass combustion in Kenya. The Lancet, 2001, 358: 619. 17. Mumford JL et al. Lung cancer and indoor air pollution in Xuan Wei, China....

... between Indoor Air Pollution, Household Energy and Human Health Report from Washington Consultation | 7 Tackling indoor air pollution: examples of key activities to date • ‘Biofuels, Air Pollution ... impact of indoor air pollution on: • Acute lower respiratory infections in young children. • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. Obtain new evidence on health risks of indoor air pollution ... Addressing the Links between Indoor Air Pollution, Household Energy and Human Health Report from Washington Consultation | 23 2 | The Health Burden of Indoor Air Pollution Exposure Levels...

... 47 ThefollowingobjectivesandoutputswerestatedintheSWAPprojectapplication(SWAP, 2010):   Goal:Thegoaloftheprojectistoreducetheriskofdiarrhealdiseasesandrespiratoryinfectionsby motivatingtheuseofhouseholdwatertreatment(HWT)productsandinnovativestovesfor improvementof indoor air quality(IAQ)inruralKenyanvillages.  Objectives:  DemonstratetheintegrationofHWTandIAQ into10of60villagesenrolledinanongoing programmotivatingthepurchaseanduseofhealthinterventionsthroughsocialmarketing, communitymobilizationandmicrofinance.  ... http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/2009/en/ WHO.Globalhouseholdenergydatabase. http://www.who.int/indoorair/health_impacts/he_database/en/index.html  [Accessed9February2011].     33 Firelesscooker  Description: Insulator,cooking foodoveralonger periodoftimeby retainingheatand steam.  Onebringsthefoodto cookingpointbefore withfuel,andthen transfersdishtothe firelesscooker. Zerocost(canbe builtwithnatural materialsathome).  Requires initialheatsource tocommence cooking. Portable,no installation required. Noinstallation required. Allowedwomentobe moremobile,asthey couldleavetheirfood cooking.  Itkeptfoodwarm.  Affordability,and innovativenature madeitattractive. Onlyfordishesthatcanbe slow‐cooked(e.g.rice, stews).  Doesnotavoidthe need forfuel,butreducedthe amountrequired overall.  Requiresovertwicethe normalcookingtime.  MambandaMultiStove TheMMSwasdesigne ... 32  2.4.2Improvedstoves:reductionofhouseholdsolidfuel air pollution Priorsituation Traditionally,three‐stone‐stoveswerethemostcommonlyusedinDouala.Theseconsisted ofthreestonessurroundingafuelsource,typicallywoodorsawdust.Althoughinexpensive, thestovescausedsubstantial air pollutionandconsumefuelinefficiently.Inthe rainyseason, peopleusuallyhavetocookindoors,orincoveredareasbytheirhouse,exacerbating exposure.Sawdustandfirewoodwouldalsoincreaseinhumidityatthesetimes,releasing moresmoke.Therainyseasonalsocausesincreasedcharcoaluse,whichismoreexpensive, andrequiresadifferentstove.Gasstoveswere usedbysomeresidents(oftenslightly wealthier).Whilethesegaveoffnosmoke,theywerethemostexpensive,andthedesigns usedbymostinDoualapresentedconsiderabledangersofburning.Asummaryofthe advantagesanddisadvantagesofthevariousstovesisprovidedinTable2.3onthefollowing page. Table2.3Advantages/disadvantagesofproductsavailableandpromotedinprojectarea CostProduct Stove...

... Clinical TB Disease for Indoor Air Pollution Exposure Compared with Nonexposure doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040020.g008 Table 6. Quality Assessment and Subgroup Analysis: Indoor Air Pollution and TB ... passive smoking, and indoor air pollution from biomass fuels have been implicated as risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) infection, disease, and death. Tobacco smoking and indoor air pollution are ... smoke exposure, and indoor air pollution are associated with TB. We identified 33 papers on tobacco smoking and TB, five papers on passive smoking and TB, and five on indoor air pollution and TB....

... levels of indoor air pollution. Globally, indoor air pollution is responsible for approximately 1.6 million deaths every year. Various interventions are available to reduce indoor air pollution ... questionnaire (questionnaire) > Woman questionnaire (questionnaire) The enclosed CD-Rom includes the following materials: CD-Rom Cooking with wood indoors leads to outdoor air pollution in mountainous ... Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Indoor air pollution and household energy monitoring: workshop resources. 1. Air pollution, Indoor. 2. Environmental monitoring. 3. Air pollutants - adverse effects....

... good indoor air quality T P I R CS U NA M D E T P E C CA ARTICLE IN PRESS 2 INTRODUCTION Defining indoor air quality can be approached from three points of views: the human, the indoor air ... the sources contributing to indoor air pollution. From the human point of view, indoor air quality of a space is the physical effect of exposures of people to indoor air of the space they are ... dealing with the indoor air. The latter can be a combination of source, indoor air and human activities. Regulation is the most powerful tool to force people to create a good indoor air quality....

... CO 2 removal from indoor air. Environ Int, 17 (4), 343-347. Ramakrishna, J., Durgaprasad, M. B., and Smith K. R. (1989) Cooking in India: The impact of improved stoves on indoor air quality. Environ ... have been applied to choose references: Children under 5 years Developing countries Indoor air pollution Confirmed Acute Lower Respiratory Infection or pneumonia All references generally meeting ... stoves on indoor air quality. Environ Int, 15(1), 341-352. Sharma, S., Gulshan, R. S., Rohtagi, A., Chaudhary, A., Shankar, R., Singh J. B, Joshi, V. and Sapir, D. G. (1998) Indoor Air Quality...