... over the period ofthe analysis, as well as for economic and monetary regime changes, such as the creation ofthe monetary union andthe introduction ofthe euro A list ofthe variables used in the ... by the growth rate ofthe population andthe ratio ofthe non-working age population to the working age population, split between old and young dependency ratio; (iii) the level of taxation (proxied ... formation Diamond (1965) adds the effect of taxes onthe capital stock and differentiates between public external and internal debt He concludes that, through theimpactof taxes needed to finance the...
... theimpactof iv regulatory action andthe effectiveness ofthe SEC, and academics interested in measuring theimpactof accounting-related government regulation andthe performance of cost of ... investigation, the bookend event: closure ofthe investigation indicated by the issuance of an AAER, may also impact a firm’s cost of equity capital Upon announcement ofthe SEC’s investigation, the ... relation to the issuance ofthe AAER is again critical to assessing the information delivered to the market If the restatement arrives before the AAER, it could preempt the information content of the...
... onthe ergonomic and chemical hazards ofthe cleaning profession, to the exclusion of psychosocial workplace factors [19-24] In Norway, this occupation is characterized by a high percentage of ... [26,27] The lack of knowledge regarding the psychosocial working environment and its relationship to mental health among female professional cleaning personnel provided the rationale for the present ... within the cleaning occupation A majority of our items assessing the psychosocial working environment reflected the quality ofthe relationship between the employee and her manager and colleagues The...
... Random Walk (RW) [5] and Random Direction Mobility (RDM) [3], onthe performance ofthe Bypass-AODV routing protocol In these two models, users move individually in random directions with random ... position to a new position by selecting a random direction and a random speed The node randomly and uniformly selects its new direction θ(t) from (0, 2π] and speed v(t) from (0, Vmax ] During the ... For the considered environment, it is rare to find a connection of length more than hops Moreover, node speeds have a minimal effect onthe length ofthe TCP connection in terms of number of hops...
... correlations were seen between the same types of lesions in the medial condyle of humerus Also a strong correlation between cartilage erosion of fovea capitis on radius and cartilage erosion of incisura ... of humerus and cartilage erosion of incisura trochlearis on ulna (P < 0.001) and between erosions in the lateral condyle of humerus and marginal osteophytes onthe processus anconeus of ulna (P ... correlation between lesions in the same joint, one side at a time The frequencies of scorings ofthe gait and posture variables were analysed The associations between the gait and posture variables and...
... single conclusion with respect to theimpactof noise on sleep disruption in the ICU A third factor that may account for the discrepancy in reported results is the breadth and depth ofthe study ... factors placed on noise will depend in part onthe number of other factors examined as potential contributors to sleep disruption Nonetheless, this paper lays the groundwork for further research ... reduction strategies developed by acousticians in collaboration with physicians may yield more impressive results In conclusion, theimpactof noise and noise reduction on patients’ sleep in the...
... patterns of certain pathogens Since parenteral forms of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were not restricted for the first three days of therapy by NARP, the consumption of these quinolones was ... before the initiation ofthe NARP Even in these selected centres already applying local antibiotic restriction policies the utilisation of many ofthe restricted antibiotics was decreased andthe ... two years before and after ofthe initiation of NARP in 2003 The study included the data obtained from all ofthe four university hospitals, and one referral tertiary-care educational state hospital...
... tests in the solar system the precession ofthe orbit of Mercury andthe bending of light by the Sun Over the ensuing decades theoretical analyses deepened the understanding ofthe theory and exhibited ... radiation they emit in the last stages of their formation • The use of gravitational waves to probe the universe of complex astronomical phenomena by the decoding ofthe details ofthe gravitational ... allow precision tests ofthe properties of gravitational waves, tests of strong-field theories ofthe production of these waves, detailed confirmations ofthe predicted properties of black holes...
... questionnaire, containing questions about whether they received the SCP and whether they believe it has improved the communication between themselves andthe gynecologist, and between themselves and ... questionnaire containing questions about the type of information they provide, how satisfied they are with the information they provide, how much time they spend on their consultations on average, ... pre-randomization, the conventional sequence of obtaining informed consent followed by randomization is reversed [18] Pre-randomization is justified if valid evaluation ofthe effects of an intervention...
... tests in the solar system the precession ofthe orbit of Mercury andthe bending of light by the Sun Over the ensuing decades theoretical analyses deepened the understanding ofthe theory and exhibited ... radiation they emit in the last stages of their formation • The use of gravitational waves to probe the universe of complex astronomical phenomena by the decoding ofthe details ofthe gravitational ... allow precision tests ofthe properties of gravitational waves, tests of strong-field theories ofthe production of these waves, detailed confirmations ofthe predicted properties of black holes...
... non-manual occupations; the proportion of children taking only GCE examinations; the proportion of children in the class taking only CSE exams andthe proportion of children in the class from the previous ... organisation, administration, management and finance, the curriculum, examinations and qualifications andon teaching and learning The overwhelming strategy is guided by the standards and inclusion ... The aim is to increase levels of attainment broadly conceived to include the acquisition of skills, concepts and bodies of knowledge in the curriculum subjects together with the acquisition of...
... are redirected to support other programs designed to enhance the productivity andthe welfare ofthe poor Transport and energy investments impact upon the income and nonincome dimensions of poverty ... lack of opportunity: it is often due to disconnection, often geographical, from the wider economy and society (Datt and Ravallion 2002, Jalan and Ravallion 2002) The provision of infrastructure and ... question the value of public infrastructure investments in promoting sustainable development and poverty reduction Since the 1970s andthe identification of poverty with the rural population of the...
... are redirected to support other programs designed to enhance the productivity andthe welfare ofthe poor Transport and energy investments impact upon the income and nonincome dimensions of poverty ... understanding port impacts In general, the villagers felt that they had not benefited from the construction ofthe port in their area The indirect benefits ofthe port had accrued mainly to landowners ... change, impacts of changes in service provision, impacts of transport modes other than roads, impacts of energy sources other than electricity, impacts of transport and energy projects onthe urban...
... Steering Committee concluded that additional analysis was needed to further explore the results ofthe country studies and to further develop the policy and operational implications ofthe research ... gap analysis andthe formulation of proposals for the field research, described in Chapter The study team identified research ontheimpactof transportation and energy infrastructure on poverty ... policy issues Theimpactof infrastructure investmenton poverty is mediated by the provision of efficient, reliable services to the poor Thus, the study should consider not only improvements...
... lack of opportunity: it is often due to disconnection, often geographical, from the wider economy and society (Datt and Ravallion 2002, Jalan and Ravallion 2002) The provision of infrastructure and ... and give them a chance to develop skills and improve their livelihoods Gender Impacts As of 2001, little research focusing onthe gender distribution of impacts of transportation and energy investments ... have the highest connection costs of all forms of modern energyan insurmountable obstacle to the poor One solution has been to allow the option of paying for the connection and other equipment...
... sanitation systems and scale urban works having optimal impactonthe employincreasing the operational and end-user efficiency of enment and incomes ofthe poor, and through the promotion ergy and ... implementation The reports gave limited information on how the poverty reduction objective of these projects would be addressed in the definition, collection, and analysis ofthe data Proposed monitoring ... individual project components were linked to poverty reduction The monitoring system provided for monitoring ofthedirect impacts at an early stage ofthe project, while the indirect impacts were to...
... change, the impacts of changes in service provision, the impacts of transport modes other than roads, the impacts of energy sources other than electricity, and the impacts of transport and energy ... directand indirect, and evaluate whether the poor bear a disproportionate share of such costs The construction and operation of infrastructure projects may also have directand indirect consequences ... improvements Theimpactof these cost savings onthe poor depend onthe extent to which the poor are users ofthe service provided However, benefits to nonpoor users may also contribute indirectly to the...
... and nonpoor in the types of electrical appliances and processing assets the poor and nonpoor own (Table 5.8) The distribution of irrigation and processing assets strongly favors the nonpoor The ... only 63% of that ofthe nonpoor The change in frequency of visits to Xian is very interesting (Table 5.14) Onthe one hand, the proportion of farmers visiting Xian more often than once a month ... to compare the poor with the nonpoor, using the official income-based definition of poverty; andthe poor with the nonpoor, using the constructed measure of asset-based poverty In the provincial...
... in the evening While no significant difference emerged on this point between the poor andthe nonpoor, theimpactonthe ultra-poor was slightly less marked than theimpactonthe nonpoor andthe ... examined the method of connection andthe length of time that a household had been connected Only 33 ofthe rural sample households (4%) had no electricity; 84% ofthe sample had a direct connection, ... Assessing theImpactof Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction Residents help the Thailand study team to map some ofthe features of their village to and use of transport and energy...