... resultfrom the modifications inthe interactions between the catalytic glutamates andthe residues R97 and Y331,indicating that these residues play a roleinthe modulation of the Sfbgly50 pH optimum.Sequence ... mMBicine buffer 7.0–8.5). The pH stability of Sfbgly50 was checked by incubation in the same buffers for a time equal to the assay time and thendetermining the activity remaining at the optimum ... [10,12].Nevertheless, it is not possible to assume that the same isoccurring inthe mutant R97M, because there is no data on the interactions between the substrate andthe arginineresidue.Finally, another...
... only criticalfor the stability ofthe dimer, it may also be involved in maintaining the integrity ofthe active site. These resultsclearly suggest that the dimer interface inthe Y74W*mutant ... bond with the backbone CO of F102. Fur-thermore, the orientation ofthe side chain ofthe tworesidues brings the guanidinium plane andthe aro-matic ring of F102 into close proximity, with ... elevated temperature and inthe presence of denaturants [27].Extending these studies, we examine here the effect of increasing the bulk ofthe residue at position 74.Surprisingly, the Y74W mutant...
... by the amount of internalized agonist[20]. As the internalization is expressed in percentage of total binding, decreasing the binding affinity of the Roleof helix 8 and C-termini in bradykinin ... FEBS Theroleof helix 8 andofthe cytosolic C-termini in the internalization and signal transduction of B1 and B2bradykinin receptorsAlexander Faussner1, Alexandra Bauer1, Irina Kalatskaya1, ... particular the part com-prising putative helix 8, may be involved inthe inter-action of GPCRs with cognate G proteins.Synthetic peptides from the C-terminus ofthe Gasubunit Gt and ofthe Gc...
... of GSK3 (using Li or SB-415286)appears to be sufficient for inducing activation of GS in muscle and fat cells, and that inhibition ofthe kinasepotentiates insulin action in muscle of insulin-resistant ... < 0.05.Results and discussionEffects of insulin, Li and SB-415286 on GSK3 activityAs an initial starting point for our studies we investigated the effects of insulin, Li andthe maleimide, ... phosphatidylinositol3-kinase, p70, S6 kinase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 activity in L6 muscle cells: evidence for the involvement ofthe mammaliantarget of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the L-leucine-inducedup-regulation...
... phenylalanine was thereforemutated to Ala, Leu, Trp or Tyr. These mutations may in uence the shape and volume ofthe acyl binding pocket and thereby alter the binding mode and affinity of the enzyme ... PAA and derivatives thereof, while maintaining the hydrophobicity ofthe binding site.To test the effect ofthe mutations on the specificity forphenylacetylated substrates, the steady-state kinetic ... kcatrepresents the rate of acylation and Kmequals the binding constant of the substrate to the free enzyme. The results then indicateÓ FEBS 2002 Roleof active-site phenylalanines in penicillin acylase...
... founded in 1997 with the main objective of promoting research and educa-tion inthe field of cultural heritage, based on the directions and recommendations given in the Professional Guidelines ofthe ... andofthe paint layer, the characteristic“touche” ofthe author, the eventual existence of an underlying painting, the pentimenti, the alterations, the restorations, the modifications of frame, ... collaborate with the network. The main characteristics of these institutions, together with a database on the techniquesused andthe cultural areas in which they are working are mentioned inthe websitehttp://www.chim.unipg.it/chimgen/LabS...
... considered artmusic to be the happy middle point – dieglückliche Mitte – inthe strivings of man.8 Art music as both an object and a means of solace thus held a key rolein the cultural upbringing of ... analyses and disguise their value judgments as objective aesthetic opinions.V. aestheticI, aestheticII, aestheticIII, and . In the beginning ofthe 20th century, inthe course of this process, the ... start with the latter, during the last half ofthe eighteenth century taking part in cultural societies of different kinds became increasingly popular. A new literate and musically inclined bourgeoisie...
... unsure ofthe mechanism of DNA-induced stabilization ofthe protein, and whe-ther it is related to the normal RNA-binding function of coat protein, as RNA binding had no effect. The increased ... understood, and we have investigated thesequestions in this work. We sought to determine the roleof protein–RNA and protein–protein interactions in virus stability, measuring the effects of urea,GdnHCl ... play a role inthe different behavior. Inthe natural virion, apart ofthe maturase protein is present on the innersurface ofthe capsid shell where it interacts with viralRNA. Another part must...
... analyzing the determinants of venture capital investment in the United States between 1986 and 1998, they find that the likelihood of a ven-ture capitalist investing in a given target declines ... of industrial clustering. The organizations ofthe first economy, either because of their charter to doresearch as inthe case of universities and R&D laboratories, or as a by-product of ... actual businessoutsourcing to India. The study accounts for the impact of cultural factors onknowledge transfer and on the likelihood to start a software firm, finding the software industry...
... people act in anticipation of their actions inthe absence of ext ernally-a rising cues. The formation and maintenance of internal models hasbeen studied in healthy individuals (reviewed in [17]),but ... important step in understanding the human-machine interface.By manipulating feedforward and feedback uncertaintywe have shown that the seemingly trivial task of grasp-ing and lifting objects ... (left) and second (right) phases of training. Subjects performed significantly worse inthe absence of eithersource of feedback.Saunders and Vijayakumar Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation...
... BMP-2, the yin and yang of mineralization:Contrast of effect of 24 hours of treatment with FGF-2 or BMP-2 on fold increase in abundance of mineralization-related geneexpression. Mineralizing ... visualized the mineralizingcells with 2% Alizarin Red. After rinsing in distilledwater and air drying the samples, we mounted the cov-erslips on microscope slides using Fluoromount and examined and ... reduce the relativeabundance of a majority ofthe mineralizing-associatedgenes.ThedramaticreductionofIGF-1byFGF-2sug-gests a role for IGF-1 in minera lization, this is i n agree-ment with findings...
... Li4AbstractIntroduction: The difficulty in re-growing and mineralizing new bone after severe fracture can result in loss of ambulation or limb. Here we describe the sequential roles of FGF-2 in inducing ... visualized the mineralizingcells with 2% Alizarin Red. After rinsing in distilledwater and air drying the samples, we mounted the cov-erslips on microscope slides using Fluoromount and examined and ... BMP-2, the yin and yang of mineralization:Contrast of effect of 24 hours of treatment with FGF-2 or BMP-2 on fold increase in abundance of mineralization-related geneexpression. Mineralizing...