... frequency bands:
band 1 is low-pass and covers 0 Hz to 80 Hz; band 2 is band-pass and covers
80 Hz to 3 kHz; band 3 is high-pass and covers above 3 kHz; and band 4 is
also high-pass and covers ... each band if the signal level
falls 45 dB below the maximum recording level. The Dolby B and Dolby C
systems are designed for consumer audio systems, and use two bands
instead of the four bands ... terms and in terms of probability functions. Bayesian inference
theory provides a generalised framework for statistical processing of random
signals, and for formulating and solving estimation and...
...
Autocorrelation and power spectrum of impulsive noise.
Impulsive noise is a random, binary-state (“on/off”) sequence of impulses of
random amplitudes and random time of occurrence. In Chapter 12, a random ... Signal
and System Analysis Holt. Rinehart and Winston, New York.
D
AVENPORT
W.B. and R
OOT
W.L. (1958) Introduction to Random Signals
and Noise. McGraw-Hill, New York.
D
AVENPORT
W.B. and ... Coherence and Time Delay Estimation. Proc. IEEE, 75,
2, pp. 236–55.
C
LARK
A.B. and D
ISNEY
R.L. (1985) Probability and Random Processes,
2nd Ed. Wiley, New York.
C
OOPER
G.R. and Mc
GILLEM
...
...
y
1
(
m
) and
y
2
(
m
) are the noisy observations from channels 1 and 2,
n
1
(
m
) and
n
2
(
m
)
are uncorrelated noise in each channel,
D
is the time delay
of arrival of the two signals, and ...
the noise-free signal and the noise respectively, and r
xy
is the cross-
correlation vector of the noisy signal and the noise-free signal. Substitution
of Equations (6.46) and (6.47) in the Wiener ...
where
P
XX
(
f
) and
P
NN
(
f
) are the signal and noise power spectra. Dividing
the numerator and the denominator of Equation (6.50) by the noise power
spectra
P
NN
(
f
) and substituting...
...
cases of a sine wave and a purely random signal. For a periodic signal, the
power is concentrated in extremely narrow bands of frequencies, indicating
the existence of structureand the predictable ... function, and reveals information on the correlation structure
of the signal. The strength of the Fourier transform in signal analysis and
pattern recognition is its ability to reveal spectral structures ... frequencies,
such as the bass, without affecting other frequencies, and in sub-
band coding different frequency bands are coded independently and
allocated different numbers of bits.
(ii) Sinusoidal...
... case where the spectrum of a signal is divided
into two parts; a low-frequency band f
l
and a high-frequency band f
h
. Each
point in Figure 11.4 is a plot of the high-frequency spectrum versus ... space. The effect of the random noise,
shown in Figure 11.4(b), is an increase in the mean and the variance of the
spectrum, by an amount that depends on the mean and the variance of the
magnitude ...
t is the segment index and denotes the time dimension. The signal Y(f,t) can
be considered as a band-pass channel f that contains a time-varying signal
X(f,t) plus a random noise component N(f,t)....
... features of the noise and the signal in the time and/ or
frequency domains, (b) the statistics of the signal and the noise processes,
and (c) a model of the physiology of the signal and noise generation. ... amplitude-modulated
binary-state sequence, and expressed as
)()()( mbmnmn
i
=
(12.6)
where
b
(
m
)
is a binary-state random sequence of ones and zeros, and
n
(
m
)
is a random noise process. Assuming ... short duration pulses of a random amplitude,
duration, and time of occurrence, and may be modelled as the output of a
filter excited by an amplitude-modulated random binary sequence as
∑
−
=
−−=
1
0
)()()(
P
k
ki
kmbkmnhmn
...
... convergence. The sub-band-
based system is shown in Figure 14.11. The sub-band analyser splits the
input signal into N sub-bands. Assuming that the sub-bands have equal
bandwidth, each sub-band occupies ... in teleconference and hearing aid systems, are undesirable and
annoying and can be disruptive. In this chapter we study some methods for
removing line echo from telephone and data telecommunication ... length and the sampling rate. As for each sub-
band, the number of samples per second and the filter length
decrease with 1/R, it follows that the computational complexity of
each sub-band filter...