diagram of the english verb tense system

Grammar of the english verb phrase, the grammar of the english tense system, vol I

... clauses they introduceand for the temporal relationship between the adverbial clause situation and the head clause situation. The Grammar of the English Verb PhraseVolume 1: The Grammar of the English ... required to make the situation durative.)One after the other, the ramblers reached the top of the hill. (The idea of repetitionis induced by the plurality of the subject NP and the duration-implying ... with the past tense and the present perfect. Chapters 13 and 14look at the semantics of the temporal adverbs when, before and after and the consequences of these semantics both for the adverbial...

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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 1 pdf

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... Table of contentsAcknowledgements VTable of contents VIIChapter 1. Introduction 1Chapter 2. Towards a theory of tense and time 91Chapter 3. The absolute use of the present tense 171Chapter ... 171Chapter 4. The absolute past tense 193Chapter 5. The absolute use of the present perfect 209Chapter 6. The present perfect vs the preterite in clauseswithout temporal adverbials 315Chapter ... Traugott, Naoaki Wada,and Christopher Williams. The Grammar of the English Verb PhraseVolume 1: The Grammar of the English Tense System A Comprehensive AnalysisbyRenaat Declerckin collaboration...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 2 doc

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... verb forms 22A. Tense 221.14 Introduction 221.15 The formation of the present tense 231.16 The formation of the past tense 231.17 The formation of the other tenses 241.18 The meanings of ... over-view of tense and two other areas of meaningthat can be expressed by the use of verb formsin English and that interact with tense: the sys-tem of grammatical aspect and the system of mood ... subsequent volumes dealingwith the English verb phrase. (The definitions of the terms and concepts used in the book arebrought together in an extensive glossary at the end of the book.)Part I (ϭ sections...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 3 docx

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... the foundation proper of our description of tense in English. There is a brief discussion of what is meant by tense , with reference to the main issues surrounding the number and nature of tenses ... with the past tense and the present perfect. Chapters 13 and 14look at the semantics of the temporal adverbs when, before and after and the consequences of these semantics both for the adverbial ... may make to the interpretation of the discourse.Chapters 12 to 14, as mentioned above, deal with the interaction of tempo-ral adverbials and the tense of the clause in which the adverbial functions.Chapter...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 4 docx

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... The point is that the time of orientationto which they relate the time of their situation does not have to be the temporalzero-point. It is criterial of tensed forms that they encode information ... consisting of the initialletters of the terms negation, inversion, code and emphasis. The reference is to the four cases in which the English VP requires an auxiliary. If there is noauxiliary, the ... infinitives are tensed in the sameway as the present tense, the present perfect, the past perfect etc. are tensed:infinitives are tenseless Ϫ see 1.10.4. However, it is true that the present andperfect...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 5 pdf

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... which is the past tense form of will.)1.15 The formation of the present tense The forms of the present tense of all verbs except be and have are homopho-nous with the stem of the verb (e. g. ... to them as ‘pseudo-absolute’ tense forms.Such tense forms have the form of absolute tenses but the function of relativetenses.1.19 Special uses of tenses1.19.1 In modal sentences, some of the ... unravelled,unravelling.) The stem of the verb can also be used as a present infinitive(which is the citation form of the verb used as an entry in dictionaries).1.16 The formation of the past tense The regular...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 6 potx

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... Introductionpairing of a meaning and a particular form of the verb. In English the second of these two elements is lacking when ingressive meaning is expressed.1.22.3 The same is true where the expression of egressive’ ... describe the situation as characteristic of the referent of the subject NP over a certain period of time. English has a special form to expresshabituality in the past: the semi-auxiliary used to. The ... expressed by means of the form of the verb (viz . the use of a special auxiliary and / or suffix). Moreover,repetitive habitual aspect is a form of grammatical aspect in that it means that the speaker...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 7 pps

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... situation-template denoted by walk .The denotation of such a complex predicate constituent is determined in the firstinstance by the meanings of the verb and of the other components of the predi-cate constituent ... as consisting of a subject NP and a predicateconstituent. The latter consists of the verb phrase (VP) and the optional adverbial(s), if any.T he VP consists of the verb form (ϭ verb ϩ auxiliaries, ... utterance) a referent. The meaning (ordenotation) of the noun phrase results from a combination of the lexical meaning of boy and the grammatical meaning of the definitenessmarker the. Thereferent (which...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 8 doc

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... (and to the clauses denotingthem), the literature also applies these labels to the verbs or verb phrases whichtypically refer to a particular group of situations. We read of ‘punctual verbs’,‘durative ... normally simplified to one of the following: The past tense locates the time of the situation referred to at a specific pasttime (specified by last night.) The past tense locates the situation referred ... less refer to actualizations of situations.IV. The precise meanings and uses of ‘situation’ and ‘actualization’ 43 The past tense locates the time of actualization of the situation referred toat...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 9 pot

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... of situation that is characteristic of the referent of the subjectNP over an extended period of time Ϫ see 1.23). This static interpretation isdue to the use of the nonprogressive form of the ... understand the meaning and use of certain tenses and of (non)progressive forms, it is necessary to classify templates for describing situa-tions on the basis of whether or not they represent the situation ... example, the features [( dynamic] and [( agentive] help to deter-mine the possibility of using the verb phrase in the progressive form. The distinction [( telic] is relevant to the use of temporal...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 10 pptx

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... required to make the situation durative.)One after the other, the ramblers reached the top of the hill. (The idea of repetitionis induced by the plurality of the subject NP and the duration-implying ... ashes.] The fact that the transition cannot form part of the ‘middle part’ of the situa-tion referred to by the progressive form is due to the fact that the transitionitself is the possible end of ... atelic verb phrases isto try using the gerund form of the verb phrase as direct object of complete orfinish, which refer to the natural point of completion of an action. Only telic verb phrases...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 11 doc

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... according to the length of the book or the size of the wall and is unspecified when the verb phrasewrite a book or build a wall is used). The other kind of measuring VP consists of verb phrases ... on the level of the clause (which refersto actualization), the indication of the full length of a situation can also be the result of measuring the situation when the endpoint of the actualization ... characteristic of sen-tences (since the nature of the subject does not play a part in making the distinction)20but of verbs and verb phrases. In fact, various constituents of the verb phrase...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 12 pdf

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... implicature of the past tense is due to the Gricean Maxim of Relation(better known as the Maxim of Relevance). Other things being equal Ϫ more specifically:if the clause is not couched in a piece of ... allow both readings: The miner walked through the tunnel inspecting the seam.This sentence may or may not be taken to mean that the miner reached the end of the tunnel. The interpretation is ... was in the library suggests that the proposition ‘Johnbe in the library’ only applies in the past and not in the present, i. e. that the situationis no longer actualizing at the time of speech.74...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 13 ppt

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... because of the indefiniteness of many more, the duration adverbial for many more years indi-cates a period of indefinite length and therefore does not specify the terminal point of the period ... saw that tenses(as individual realizations of the abstract category tense) express the temporalrelation between the time of a situation and an orientation time which may beeither the temporal ... run a marathon.)Until a couple of years ago I knew the answer to that question. (L-bounded: the until-adverbial specifies the endpoint of the actualization of the situation.)[Melissa drove,...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 14 pps

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... from the fact that the nature of the subject NP may affect the interpretation of the actualization of asituation as homogeneous or not, it is often not possible to decide on the homogeneity of ... though the expression of grammaticalizedhabituality is restricted to verb forms involving one of the auxiliaries will,would or used to.1.51.3 The third system of the verb phrase introduced ... differentfrom the whole (for example drink a glass of beer, in which no single part of the situation constitutes a full instance of drinking a glass of beer).Some of the information which determines the...