... signal- to- noiseratio (SNR), defined as theratioofthe amplitude ofa desired signaltothe amplitude of noise, can be used as a measure ofthe quality of an ME signal processor Root-mean-square, ... as theratioofthe MSV estimation at thechannel output and the variance ofthe estimation The definition of SNR in this study is the same to that in Zhang's investigation [5], as shown in Eq.1 ... over to level off at rmax = 1/tarp The MUAP is another key factor inthe ME channel Generally it is the summation of action potentials generated by the simultaneously activated muscle fibers in the...
... Model -Gaussian Angle of Arrival (AoA) In this example, the spatial correlation among elements ofthe BS antenna array is modeled according tothe distribution ofthe AoA ofthe incoming plane waves at the ... often the transmit beamformer is not capable of maintaining theratioofthesignal power tothe leakage power above a certain threshold value The outage probability for the ith user is defined as ... channel information can be available at the BS only through the feedback from users The drawbacks ofthe feedback approach are the reduction ofthe system capacity because ofthe frequent channel...
... are available inthe literature.10,11 It is reported that theratioofthe silica source tothe surfactant ratio and the pH ofthe synthesis gel can greatly influence the characteristics ofthe ... varying the TEOS/TCP ratio but maintaining the pH value at 1.7 In each sample, the presence of micropores and mesopores was observed The total micropore area was lower than that of mesopores, indicating ... microporosity also decreases the surface area Influence ofthe Silica -to- Surfactant Ratio and pH 20 With the increase inthe size of micelles, a corresponding increase inthe pore size generally results.23...
... ootheca transport Ovarian BgVgR mRNA levels appeared high at the beginning ofthe last nymphal instar, steadily declining along the instar, and reaching the lowest values ofthe instar before the ... These included the insects D melanogaster (AAB60217), A gambiae (EAA06264), A aegypti (AAK15810), S invicta (AAP92450) and P americana (BAC02725), and the vertebrates Anguila japonica (BAB64337), ... days ofthe last instar nymph spreads into the oocyte cytoplasm (Fig 5), albeit towards the mid-instar, concomitantly with a steady increase in BgVgR protein levels (Fig 4), begins to accumulate...
... 5¢-AAATGCTTCAATGATAT CGAAAAAGGAAG-3¢, converted a unique SspI site on the vector to an EcoRV site The mutagenesis oligonucleotides were 5¢-GTAACTGTAAGAGAACTGGTCAC-3¢ (Lys70 to Arg), 5¢-GTAACTGTAGCAGAACTGGTCA ... catalytic activity was lost inthe mutants, the ligand-binding capability and thus the pentacoordinate nature ofthe heme was conserved Significantly, typical c-cytochrome a and b maxima not appear ... can bind and catalyze the transformation of NH2OH The relevance ofthe lysyl-heme crosslink to catalysis is supported here by the lack of catalytic ability in mutant cytochromes P460 lacking the...
... ofthe ANOVA results and the main effects of stimuli sex, LBR and their interactions are shown in Table Table ANOVA results with the main effects of leg -to- body ratio (LBR), stimuli sex and their ... Results AÂÂ repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 71 participants was computed The sex ofthe stimuli and LBR were treated as within subjects factors, and participant gender was treated ... suggesting that both male and female participants were rating the images inthe same manner Discussion The results of this investigation are consistent with the idea that the LBR plays a role in...
... respiratory muscles for seconds [10] To measure the MEP, participants were instructed to deeply inhale up tothe TLC, a forced exhalation (Valsalva maneuver) and maintain the strain with their ... coughing, from postoperative days to (Table 1) Statistical analyses Statistical analysis was performed in Statistica version 7.0 (Stasoft Corporation, Tulsa, USA) Sample size was calculated and ... oropharynx To measure the MIP, individuals were instructed to exhale up tothe RV, inhale deeply with the manuvacuometer’s mouthpiece (Müller’s maneuver) in place and maintain the strain with their...
... measurements Table Primers for Q RT-PCR Primer Alias Sequence 1082 ACT1F GCCTTCTACGTTTCCATCCA 1083 ACT1R GGCCAAATCGATTCTCAAAA 1367 PAC2F AATAACGAATTGAGCTATGACACCAA 1368 PAC2R AGCTTACTCATATCGATTTCATACGACTT ... GTAACCAGTACGAAAAAAGATA CATTT 1165 MSC1F TCTTCGGATCACCCAGTTTC 1278 NPT1 5' 1166 MSC1R G AAGCCTTAGCGTCGTCAAC CATTGTGATTTTATTCAATGTTT CTTT 1084 CTT1F AAAGAGTTCCGGAGCGTGTA 1279 NPT1 3' CAGGGTGTGGAAGAACAGGT ... telomeres are uncapped inthe absence of BNA2, intracellular NAD+ levels may be maintained by the NAD+ salvage pathway Further experiments are required to determine the mechanism by which BNA2 affects...
... (10) Transfer functionin (8) has a pair of poles located at the imaginary axis The imaginary poles will cause oscillation tothe system, which requires the filter to be damped to avoid resonance ... rated at 2.5MW with a 690V voltage (line to line, 50Hz) The stator rotor turns ratio is 0.3, and other parameters are listed inthe Appendix The converter dc-link capacitor is 20,000uF, the dc-link ... Damping resistors are widely used to increase the stability ofthe system due to its simplicity and reliability Studies have shown that the greater the damping resistor, the better resonant inhibition...
... introduced into new locations as seed, it has now spread over many regions of East and South Africa, parts of South East Asia, to certain Pacific Islands, to India, Pakistan, and Australia It has spread ... bunks, railway tracks, bus stops on road sides and other waste lands (Mahadevappa 1999) Parthenium weed has also spread into Trinidad, Guyana, Jamaica, Nepal, Israel, South Korea, Taiwan, North ... its main growth season in Australia is summer, coinciding with the abundance of rainfall Soil moisture is also a contributing factor affecting the duration of flowering (Navie et al 1998b) Although...
... the manuscript MB participated inthe analysis and interpretation ofthe data MW participated inthe design ofthe study and the statistical analysis HG and EB participated inthe design ofthe ... study and coordinated the data acquisition CN contributed tothe analysis and interpretation ofthe data SG have been involved in drafting and revising the manuscript, and coordinated the study and ... Unidimensionality and local independence To evaluate unidimensionality and local independence the residual correlation matrix was examined A principal component factor analysis ofthe residuals (PCFAR)...
... 726 M Takiya et al Table I Stem number and basal area inthe study plots Thinning was performed in 1984 Values (stem number and basal area just before and after thinning and thinning ratio) are ... LB1: biomass of leaves falling from May to September; LB2: biomass of leaves falling from October to November a Plot basal area measured at the beginning ofthe 2-year intervals (m2 ha−1 ); b ... Annual leaf biomass was calculated by summing monthly leaffall To quantify the phenological pattern of leaffall and the corresponding phenological structure ofthe canopy, annual leaf biomass was...
... figure The increase inthe canopy PAR reflectance at the beginning and at the end ofthe day is due tothe interception ofthe top ofthe plant canopy For this day the average PAR reflectance above ... shows the different terms ofthe radiation balance inthe PAR above and below the canopy for clear weather (day 193) as afunctionofthe hour ofthe day The transmission ofthe incident PAR varies ... photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted and the combined effects of water vapour concentration and air temperature Internal CO concentrations inthe intercel2 lular spaces of the...
... satisfied according to PASS Assessment of patient satisfaction by means ofthe PASS criteria can be approached ina number of ways: satisfaction at the end ofa study period, time taken to achieve ... data on patient satisfaction according to PASS during and at the end ofthe study period and on patient achievement of sustained satisfaction by PASS Materials and methods A pooled analysis of ... variables – OA pain, patient's global assessment of disease activity, and WOMAC™ LK 3.1 Function – was originally estimated using the least square means obtained from an analysis of covariance...
... helped to draft the manuscript AAD participated inthe design, performed statistical analyses and helped to draft the manuscript ofthe study All authors have read and approved the final manuscript ... GAF-S as measures of psychopathology and the GAF-F as a measure offunction as well as the IPDS were significantly associated with the presence of PDs in bivariate analysis A new finding is that ... months are different from the way they usually are The IPDS was translated and back-translated into Norwegian by the last author with permission from Bruce Pfohl, MD Adaption ofthe IPDS into a selfadministered...
... dislocation ofthe radial head; proximal ulna fracture with post-dislocation ofthe radial head; fracture ofthe proximal radius and ulna with dislocation ofthe radial head Three Monteggia equivalent ... angulation ofthe fracture with anterior dislocation ofthe radial head; the second most common is fracture ofthe proximal third ofthe ulna, lateral angulation ofthe fracture and lateral dislocation ... [7], the child sustained three epiphyseal fractures (distal radius and ulna and proximal radius) and a diaphyseal (mid-shaft) ulnar fracture The authors explained the difficulty they had in attempting...
... distances for each ofthe clones using the method of Tamura and Nei [94], and pairwise amino acid distances using the Gamma distance method inthe program MEGA 2.1 [95] Average dN and dS were calculated ... region of envelope The gag region was amplified using shortgagF1 (5'TTAAGTCCAAGAACATTAAATGC-3') and shortgagR (5'GTAGAACCTGTCTACATAGCT-3') which correspond to bp 1493–1515 and 19371957 of SIVsmmH4, ... http://www.retrovirology.com/content/3/1/19 Table 2: Summary of intra-animal amino acid and nucleotide diversity and sequence length in V1V2 env Pairwise distances were calculated using the Gamma distance method with gamma shape parameter...
... 5'-AAGTGCAGAGTTCGATTCTGTACAA-3' Probe: 5'-CGGGTCACTGGGCGTCCACC-3' Reverse: 5'-GAACAACATGCATTCCGAGAAG-3' Forward: 5'-GCGCAGCGCGTTGAA-3' Probe: 5'-AACGAACAGTCATCACCACATCTCATCCAG-3' Reverse: 5'-GGATGGAGCTCGTCCAAGTG-3' ... treated according tothe Principles of Laboratory Animal Care formulated by the U.S National Society for Medical Research and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by the ... 5'-GGATGGAGCTCGTCCAAGTG-3' Forward: 5'-GCCATCCTGACTATTTCACTGAAGA-3' Probe: 5'-AAGCCTACTTTTTCTCAAGGGCAGTCACCG-3' Reverse: 5'-GGGATGTACCCTTTTTTCTGAGAGT-3' Forward: 5'-TGTAGATTTTATCAGACTGAAGAGCTACTGT-3'...
... 74 Duc-Anh Le, Anh-Tuan Hoang Fig Hoppings ina two-dimensional frustrated lattice show that the frustrated system undergoes a metal-insulator transition at a certain critical value ofthe onsite ... energy, inthe insulating regime U > UC , the imaginary part ofthe self-energy has a sharp peak whose weight is roughly independent of U The influence ofthe geometrical frustration on the critical ... extended as the geometrical frustration reduces the gap between the Hubbard bands The reduction ofthe gap implies that the critical correlation-driven metal-insulator transition Uc ofthe frustrated...