... withBLDC Motor forElectric Vehicle Application∗Jinsong KangDepartment of Electrical Engineering,TongJi University,Shanghai,P.R.C.,Email:kjs@mail.tongji.edu.cnDepartment of Electrical and ... based on reactive power with BLDC for Electric Vehicle Application.Index Terms— BLDC motor; Electric vehicle; field-weakening; reactive power;I. INTRODUCTIONThe electric vehicle(EV) is the cleanenergy ... Types for Electric Vehicle Application. Proc. of the 12th International Electric 440 Fig. 2. Chart of field-weakening vector control of BLDC motor.The instantaneous value of three-phase electric...
... Industry forElectric Drive Vehicles: Summary of a Symposium24 U.S. BATTERY INDUSTRY FORELECTRIC DRIVE VEHICLES some cases, the components industry is underdeveloped. Chargers forelectric vehicles ... U.S. Battery Industry forElectric Drive Vehicles: Summary of a Symposium4 U.S. BATTERY INDUSTRY FORELECTRIC DRIVE VEHICLES the U.S. has the supply base and skilled workforce to sustain a globally ... Battery Industry forElectric Drive Vehicles: Summary of a Symposium6 U.S. BATTERY INDUSTRY FORELECTRIC DRIVE VEHICLES U.S. Currently Produces Only About 1 Percent of Lithium-ion Batteries ...
... Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles 18 ASSESSMENT OF FUEL ECONOMY TECHNOLOGIES FOR LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES The measurement of the fuel economy of hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electricvehicles ... Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles 4 ASSESSMENT OF FUEL ECONOMY TECHNOLOGIES FOR LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES equal to the percentage increase in fuel economy for values less than 10 percent (for example, ... reserved.Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles 8 ASSESSMENT OF FUEL ECONOMY TECHNOLOGIES FOR LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES other candidates for the reduction of vehicle fuel consump-tion,...
... Scenario Framework 8 “The Same Road 10 “The Long Road 12 “The Broken Road 14 “The Fast Road 16 Implications for Energy Management 18 Energy Strategy for the Road Ahead 20 First, Master ... different “roads” lie ahead for the future of energy. “The Same Road moves slowly to the lower left. “The Long Road moves quickly through the lower left to the lower right, and then heads for the ... Economic PatternsCentered in Industrially Developing NationsTHE BROKEN ROAD THE FAST ROAD THE SAME ROAD THE LONG ROAD 19701980199020002020Scenario ThinkingOil Supply Shocks and StagflationBooms...
... prioritization, and layer 2 addressing services for user data.•Created to allow interoperability between various vendors' SCADA components for the electrical grid•Developed by GE-Harris Canada ... - Negative sequence voltage50 - Instantaneous overcurrent (N for neutral, G for ground current)51 - Inverse Time overcurrent (N for neutral, G from ground current)59 - Over Voltage (59LL ... in Substations• Need channel banks for voice (phones) and data• Need mux to connect to a radio• Dry contact for house keeping alarms• Data Bridge for the subrate data• Some customers...
... CorelDrawR and Adobe IllustratorR for further processing. With raw Postscript output, the user is responsible for ensuring that the correctfonts are provided and for formatting labels.Many thanks ... gpic.m4 for historical compatibility. The processor optionsmust be chosen correspondly, gpic -t for gpic.m4 and, most often, dpic -p or dpic -gwhen dpic is employed. For example, the pipeline for ... macro internal coordinates adjusted for L|Rtrxy init(origin, unit size, sign )cct initialize trxytransformer(linespec,L|R,np,[A][W|L],ns)cct 2-winding transformer: left or right, np primary...
... custom daughter board for small,ground-based vehicles and a camera board for use withvery small CMOS image sensors. The ground-based vehicleboard, for example, is ideal for use on small (e.g., ... comparingplatforms that deliver comparable performance.(iii) CostComplex, high-p erformance FPGA parts can be expensive.Our cost per chip for the Virtex-4 FX20 at this writing is$236, for quantities ... thousands of units for it to make economic sense. For all platforms, the cost increases with the level of p er-formance required. Although it does not completely com-pensate for the costs, it...
... and the frustration that poorly performing batteries create. In most cases, the extra money invested is returned because the batteries last longer and perform more efficiently. All About Chargers ... to store batteries on a shelf and apply a topping-charge before use rather than leaving the pack in the charger for days. Even at a seemingly correct trickle charge, nickel-based batteries ... rechargeable batteries, the lead acid battery family has the lowest energy density. For the purpose of analysis, we use the term ‘sealed lead acid’ to describe the lead acid batteriesfor portable...
... GROUNDING FORELECTRIC POWER FACILITIES AND POWER LINES ASTM type IV compression ferrule. ●Minimum #2 AWG copper conductor. ●Choose the right clamp for the job. Eye hook for hot ... attachment for protective grounds and a bond to the pole structure ground wire, if provided.Before installing protective grounds, permanent grounding for pole footings should be examined for ... DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions,...
... well-definedstrategy. Vehicles of this type are usually defined as tilting body vehicles. The most common application of tilting body vehicles today is in rail trans-portation, but roadvehicles following ... aerodynamic forces and moments are referred to the xyz frame and notto the x∗y∗z∗frame. Force Fza, for example, lies in the symmetry plane of thevehicle and is not perpendicular to the road. ... isinteresting: Since the vehicle tilts towards the inside of the turn, camber forcesadd to sideslip forces, as in two-wheeled vehicles. Moreover, it is possible toexploit the difference in camber angles...
... While for materials handling battery-powered trucks, elevating trucks, forklifts, and other vehicles for internal factory transportation have been used for decades, today themarket forelectricroad ... possibility to increase the performance of lead-acid traction cells iselectrolyte circulation, as proved in batteriesforelectricroadvehicles and batteries for submarines. The principle is ... a view of the variety of battery electric powered vehicles. For more on electricroadvehicles see Chapter 4.2.2 DEMANDS OF THE MARKETThe demands concerning batteries can be listed in short...
... nickel/cadmium.There are developments of nickel/metal hydride batteries with very high powerdensity for application in hybrid road vehicles. Valve-regulated lead-acid batteries already have displaced the vented ... plateconstruction for lead-acid batteries are shown, in Figure 7.8 today’s construction ofplates for nickel/cadmium cells.Figures 7.9, 7.10, and 7.11 show examples for single cells and bloc batteries with ... bestselection. Batteries for telecom applications are specially de signed for long service lifeand hours of discharging time. Batteriesfor UPS applications are de signed for discharges with high...