... that thecostofcapitalofthe firm depends on four factors: the risk free rate, the aggregate risk tolerance ofthe market, the expected cash flow ofthe firm, andthe covariance ofthe firm’s ... number of investors) and J (the number of firms in the economy), there is a non-zero effect on price and on thecostofcapitalof reducing the assessment of firm-variance. The firm-specific ... ours, the nature ofthe cross-sectional impact on the covariance, and therefore thecostof capital, differs in their paper because ofthe different information structure assumed. When the information...
... items and their cost included in the utility cost section ofthe operating costs. The steam cost was based on thecapital and operating costs of a gas-fired boiler, which includes natural gas cost. 5) ... in thecapitalcostofthe facility. This makes thecapital costs lower than the $1.25-$1.50 noted earlier. The total capital investment has been developed from the equipment costs through the use ... toexplore the potential of co-location of cellulosic ethanol with their existing corn ethanolprocesses. The final reports of five ofthe six contracts were received in the first quarter of 2000 and...
... expressed the concern of its members regarding the increasing costof doingbusiness in the Durban Unicity area. Thecostof water is one ofthe major components of the total infrastructural cost, ... ofcost recovery must be situated in the broader context of the political transition after 1994, andthe linkages between South Africa andthe process of globalisation. Therefore apart from the ... boundaries, or the national mobility of goods,services, capital or labour. The Minister, with the concurrence ofthe Minister of Finance, may by notice in the Gazette, set a limit on the amount of the...
... line of credit, 2) the breadth ofthe relationship (whether it extends to deposits and other services),3) the size ofthe borrowing firm and its outside finance options, 4) the structure ofthe ... assessment by the lender, again reducing the costs of other equityand debt (Rajan and Winton 1995).Much ofthe theoretical and empirical analysis in this literature concerns whether riskier ... business, andthe linking ofthe general partners’ compensation to the success of the partnership. Other features include covenants restricting the venture capitalist’s management ofthe fund,mandatory...
... Brumberg, and Milton Friedman. Across these, and other authors, the consumption of a product (as opposed to the amount produced) is foreseen to vary depending on a number of local factors and the ... national level. The extent to which these assumptions are violated in the future will surely affect the accuracy ofthe forecasts presented here. The second type of assumption is of greater importance, ... some categories and markets, basic demand indicators are reported in national statistics, as is mostly the case for the United States and other developed markets. In most ofthe world’s 230...
... FGCB The cost per dollar of additional revenue is the ratio ofthecost to households to the extra tax revenue. Chapter 10: The Social Discount Rate, Cost of Public Funds, andthe Value of ... leisure demanded. Estimates ofthe marginal costof public funds: In Australia and other OECD countries most estimates ofthe marginal costof public funds are in the 1.2 - 1.3 range. In other ... out thecost to the economy of displacing $50 worth of private consumption and $50 worth of private investment:• the loss of $50 worth of private consumption costs $50• the $50 worth of private...
... some ofthe gains of service delivery, the ideology and practice of cost recovery became more dominant in a number of ways. First, there is the question of how cost recovery influenced the then-Department ... enriching the otherwise narrow quantitative results ofthe large national survey. In the end, the two methodscomplement one another and offer a unique and powerful overview ofthecost recoverysituation ... lack of maintenance. In other cases, government officialscited “vandalism”. However, the “vandalism” often involved the destruction of meters – alikely form of resistance to cost recovery. Other...
... food stocks, andthe mood ofthe garrison. The tactics of the Daily Mail captured the attention ofthe nation; the newspaperdramatized the situation ofthe town by emphasizing the danger that ... or the fact that they stood on the pavements with costers? With the exception of the undignified elderly City gents above, in the ILN’s illustrations and the descriptions ofthe celebrations, the ... notions of Boer inhumanity towardAfricans, the pro-war argument ofthe ‘‘negrophilists.’’ The other cat-egory into which mentions of Africans fall is praise ofthe loyalty of the Cape Boys and the...
... (such as the booby-trapping of temples), the use of poison, the destroying of wells andthe sowing of dissension in the enemy’s ranks.46Thestruggleformoderationinwarhasbeenalongone – and one ... world of inde-pendent political communities bound together by the rule of law ratherthan by the sovereignty of a single emperor. The Chinese can thereforebe said to have been the pioneers ofthe ... the law of war. It tells the story, in narrative form, of the interplay through the centuriesbetween,ontheonehand,legalideasaboutwarand,ontheotherhand,statepracticeinwarfare.Neffcovers the emergence,...
... for them unnecessary to further assess the riskiness ofthe bank. Finally, the inadequacy ofthe static accounting framework, underpinning the capital ratios approach, in tracing the dynamics of ... advantage of informal financialinstitutions and strengthen the complementarity between the formal andthe informal sectors. The poorest people of rural and urban societies live beyond the frontier of ... output stabilizes the flow of funds that firms need to re-appropriate at the end ofthe circuit process. In terms ofthe CTF model discussed above, the largerole ofthe state in the financial sector...