... the gain: in this way the number of offenses, 0,couldbe reduced almost at will. However, an in- crease in p increases the social cost of offenses through its effect on the cost of combating offenses, ... that the prob-to the earnings of prisonment and pos-kegative relation for the sum isfixed, isin the regard to the profit of the y punishments should al-ount ofthe fine should bef the offender's ... nevertheless, a first approximation to the directsocial cost. If the theft or fraud industry is "competitive," the sum ofthe value of the criminals' time input—including the time...
... many of these accumulation vehicles, the individual participant bears the responsibility of determining the assets in which the funds are in- vested and bears any uncertainty about the rate of ... depend on the value ofthe stock portfolio at several selling dates rather than just its value on the date of purchase ofthe annuity. Several papers investigate the effect ofthe length of investment ... Shoven in the AAUP Bulletin, published inthe summers of 1966 and 1967 by the American Association of University Professors. Finally, over the period 1968-89, we construct r(t) using the...
... broadening the definition ofthe decision-making unit.’ Their work and the work of others suggests that living arrangements may reflect bargaining between the elderly and their children.* To ... determinants of living arrangements at a point in time are, there- fore, quite likely to be correlated. Inthe parlance of discrete choice models, this means that the assumption ofthe independence ... associate professor ofeconomicsinthe Department of Economics and a member ofthe Cowles Foundation for Economic Research, Yale University. Laurence J. Kotlikoff is professor of economics...
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... 372-377). In general, the rarer the disease, the higher the proportion of consanguineous marriage among the parents of affected individuals. Similarly, the closer the inbreeding, the higher the effect. ... according to the Hardy-Weinberg law. In an inbred population with inbreeding level F, the frequency of recessive homozygotes will be q2 + (1 – q)qF and therefore the ratio ofthe frequency ofthe ... coming death during their remaining life, since the patient Advances inthe Study of Genetic Disorders 16creation of entirely new proteins or the first family proteins. As a matter of course,...
... 10q23.33. The major isoform of renalase contains 342 amino acids comprising a signal peptide (amino acids 1–17), a flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding domain (amino acids 4–45), and a monoamine ... polymorphism inthe flavin-adenine dinucleotide-binding domain of human renalase (Glu37Asp) has recently been described. This is the only reported common coding single-nucleotide polymorphism inthe ... activation of MLXIPL. After activation and binding to the MLX, the complex increases the transcription of genes involved, among others, in lipogenesis and triglyceride synthesis. Since, elevated...