... translators, analyze user interactionbehavior, and develop novel types of assistance. To have a testbed for this research, we developedan online, web- basedtool for translators.2 OverviewCaitra ... hasmade little inroads into tools for human transla-tors. Although it has become common practice inthe industry to provide human translators with ma-chine translation output that they have ... Edinburghpkoehn@inf.ed.ac.ukAbstractWe developed caitra, a novel tool that aidshuman translators by (a) making sugges-tions for sentence completion in an inter-active machine translation setting,...
... multi-valued flags that canbe added to other annotations. Finally, annotatorscan attach free-form text notes to any annotation.In addition to information extraction tasks,these annotation primitives ... China{pontus,smp,goran,okap}@is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jpsophia.ananiadou@manchester.ac.ukjtsujii@microsoft.comAbstractWe introduce the brat rapid annotation tool (BRAT), an intuitive web- basedtool for textannotation supported ... Computational Linguistics.Hamish Cunningham, Diana Maynard, KalinaBontcheva, Valentin Tablan, Niraj Aswani, IanRoberts, Genevieve Gorrell, Adam Funk, AngusRoberts, Danica Damljanovic, Thomas Heitz,Mark...
... system.- Easy to manage, update database: Database is located at dedicated server that managers can maintain and update it easily.- Quick delivery: web- based model make it portable to be delivered ... performance.Most of web applications today use RelationalDatabase Management System (RDBMS) using Structure Query Language (SQL) to store and manipulate data logic. There are many available ... chapters.2.3.2.3. Data access tier It consists of the database server that contains all logic data of application. Separating logic data from application into it will make program scalable and...
... we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademarkowner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.Java™ and all Java -based marks are trademarks or registered ... Intermediate–AdvancedDavidsonPro SQL Server 2008 Relational Database Design and ImplementationThe eXperT’s Voiceđ in sQl serVerProSQL Server 2008 Relational Database Design and Implementation ... with relational databases—including nearly every version of SQL Server.My first goal in writing this book is to explain many of the important concepts you need to learn from adatabase design...
... debate, and celebrate the topic of database design and how critical it is for any datacentric application. Database design is part science and part art. There’s a science to normalization, but determiningthe ... thatenable developers to play their best game. Database design is the foundation of every datacentric application. An elegant database design makes the data obvious and easy to query and sets ... page when it comes to the concepts and basic theories that arefundamental to proper database design. Database Design PhasesToo often when I sit down to build a system that requires data storage,...
... when necessary. It does not limit you to accessing datawithin only that one database; however, managing data in separate databases becomes a moremanual process, rather than a natural, built-in ... represented at the logical level in the same way as ordinary data,so that authorized users can apply the same relational language to its interrogation as theyapply to regular data.This means you ... the database server can be addressed by knowingthe database they reside in and the schema (note that you can set up linked servers and include a server name as well):databaseName.schemaName.objectNameSchemas...
... becomes a largevalidation problem to make sure that different values of the smart key are actually valid.■NoteSmart keys are useful tools to communicate a lot of information to the user in a small ... use a surrogate key. In reality, many of our exam-ples of natural keys were actually surrogate keys in their original database but were elevated to a natural status by usage in the “real” ... keys) and surrogate keys. Natural KeysWikipedia (http://www.wikipedia.com) defines the termnatural keyas “ a candidate key that has a logical relationship to the attributes within that...
... “the database description is represented at the logical level in the same way as ordinary data, so that authorized users can apply the same relational language to its interrogation as they apply ... that are made by database vendors.is brief history lesson was mostly for getting you started to understand why relationaldatabase are implemented as they are today. In three papers, Codd took ... developing great databases quickly.Recognizing Relational Data Structuresis section introduces the following core relationaldatabase structures and concepts: Database and schemaãTables, rows, and...
... factors. The forth step is to analyze the hierarchy model using ISO 9000 factors for an evaluation and a strategic planning. The final step is to build a Web- based DSS application based on AHP ... Data evaluation uses the collected data through email questionnaires. After calculating the average of each question, data are inputted into Web- based DSS application. 4. Architecture of Web- based ... input data and suggestion DSS design application. Implementation: Web- based DSS application is a main implementation part for AHP model application. Outcome evaluation: Results are measured and...
... Inter-speech/ICSLP, pages 1065–1068.Harlan Hiley, Ramakrishna Vedantham, Gregory Cuel-lar, Alan Liuy, Natasha Gelfand, Radek Grzeszczuk,and Gaetano Borriello. 2008. Landmark -based pedes-trian navigation ... ModelThe navigation system is supported by a database called the City Model. The City Model is a GIS database containing a variety of data required to sup-port navigation tasks. It has been derived ... Shared Tasks and Compar-ative Evaluation in Natural Language Generation.Rainer Malaka and Er Zipf. 2000. Deep Map - chal-lenging IT research in the framework of a tourist in-formation system....
... 2012.c2012 Association for Computational LinguisticsBuilding trainable taggers in a web- based, UIMA-supported NLPworkbenchRafal Rak, BalaKrishna Kolluru and Sophia AnaniadouNational Centre ... ManchesterManchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre131 Princess St, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK{rafal.rak,balakrishna.kolluru,sophia.ananiadou}@manchester.ac.ukAbstractArgo is a web- based NLP and ... compensate for it weautomatically generated part of speech and chunk la-bels for each token.The chosen datasets/tasks are by no means anexhaustive set of representative comparative-setupdatasets...
... talking to TOOT, and links to 4 task pages. Each task page contained a task scenario, the hints, instructions for calling TOOT, anal aweb survey designed to ascertain the depart and travel ... the literature as an external indicator of agent usability. 783 Evaluating Response Strategies in a Web- Based Spoken Dialogue Agent Diane J. Litman AT&T Labs - Research 180 Park Avenue ... C. Kamm, and A. Abella. 1997. PAR- ADISE: A general framework for evaluating spoken dia- logue agents. In Proc. ACL/EACL. M. Walker, D. Litman, C. Kamm, and A. Abella. 1998. Eval- uating spoken...
... the database. Documentation of the database design can be printed from the CASE tool. Subsequent changes to the database design can be made in the CASE tool and then applied to the database ... considering a wider range of DBMS options than just relational databases. Some other database systems are better than relational databases at native handling of trees and hierarchical information. ... ControlAny person with high level access toa database can do substantial damage, either accidentally or on purpose. Anyone with high level access toadatabase can do substantial damage with a...
... 7.7An ER schema for a SHIP_TRACKING database. FIGURE 7.3Mapping the n-ary relationship type SUPPLY from Figure 4.1 1a. RelationalDatabaseDesign by ER- and EERR -to -Relational Mapping FIGURE ... customary to specify a new key attribute, called a surrogate key, when creating a relation to correspond to the category. –In the example below we can create a relation OWNER to correspond to ... with Boolean type fields Mflag and Pflag. ER -to -Relational Mapping Algorithm (cont)Step 6: Mapping of Multivalued attributes.–For each multivalued attribute A, create a new relation R....
... entities may cause problemsInformation is stored redundantly wasting storageProblems with update anomalies–Insertion anomalies–Deletion anomalies–Modification anomalies Examples of ... 4 EXAMPLE OF AN UPDATE ANOMALY (2)Insert Anomaly: Cannot insert a project unless an employee is assigned to . Inversely - Cannot insert an employee unless an he/she is assigned toa project. ... determines a unique value for Y Guideline to Redundant Information in Tuples and Update AnomaliesGUIDELINE 2: Designa schema that does not suffer from the insertion, deletion and update anomalies....