... expressions containing the word “dog” inEnglishandVietnamese by Tu, Dao Thanh (2007), aimed at studying idiomatic expressions containing the word “dog” inEnglishand compare with those inVietnamese ... that an idiom is a combination of Page | 18 words that has a meaning that is different from the meanings of the individual words themselves It can have a literal meaning in one situation anda ... numerical idioms and 87 Vietnamese numerical idioms In this study, only EnglishandVietnamese idioms containing cardinal number from one (1) to nine (9) are selected and analyzed Page | 30 Because...
... illocutionary act and perlocutionnary act * Locutionary act: Are sentences that conform to the phonological and grammatical convention of the language AVietnamese production of “Bonjour madam” will ... successful interpretation by an addressee of a speaker’s intent in performing a linguistics act” (Georgia M Green, Natural Language Understanding, p.1) Anda linguistics act” is controlled by certain ... advisable, advisable, yes or no and inadvisable” And the last is conducted with the aim to studyin specific situations There are two main situations set and ask informants to give their ideas...
... out an act A speech act is an act that a speaker performs when making an utterance, including the following: a general act (illocutionary act) that a speaker performs, analyzable as including ... II.4 Coding of the data and mode of data analysis In this study, a response was everything an informant said in responding to a situation in order to make a gift offer or a response to a gift ... are available in both American andVietnamese informants - Only 2/4 strategies are used by both groups of informants in communicating with all partners: giving reason for refusal and negating the...
... whom 26 are Australian, are British and the rest is from English speaking world such as New Zealand, Canada, America, etc English is used as target language and its variants, namely American English, ... instructions and explanation inVietnamese to avoid any misunderstanding and ambiguity Afterwards, all the papers of questionnaire were collected carefully to ensure the quantity of data 2.5 Data analysis ... Redundancy and classification of redundancy 1.3.1 Redundancy According to Longman dictionary of English language and culture, redundancy, in general usage can be defined as “more of anything than...
... OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES - - HOÀNG THỊ MỴ ON THE ECONOMICALITY AND REDUNDANCY IN REQUESTING INENGLISHAACROSS – CULTURAL STUDY ND VIETNAMESE ... Participants 18 2.3 Data collection instrument 19 2.4 Data collection procedures 20 2.5 Data analysis methods and procedures 20 CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND ... DISCUSSION 22 3.1 The popularity of economicality and redundancy in requesting 22 3.2 The link between the addresser’s/ addressee’s gender and relative age and the use of lexico modal...
... certain variables such as age, the addresser’s/ addressee’s gender and relative age inEnglishandVietnamese - To compare and contrast the range of lexico modal markers or modality markers constituting ... publication The practical approaches are - Studying relevant publications - Conducting survey questionnaires - Analyzing the collected data - Resorting to personal observations and experience - Consulting ... To contribute to promoting cross- cultural awareness among foreign language teachers and learners was well as other potential interactants in cross- cultural communication In brief, this paper aimed...
... the American’s space The American, naturally, takes a step backward The Vietnamese wants to show his friendliness, so steps forward again, the American steps backward…again and again, create “conversation ... demonstrating that the hand holds no weapon Hand-clapping (applause) Applause (Latin applause, to strike upon, clap) is primarily the expression of approval by the act of clapping, or striking the palms ... me have a general and detailed analysis about using gestures of American andVietnamese people in real life compared to information collected from Internet and other materials By that way, a comparison...
... writer, including drafting of the article and the analysis and interpretation of the data AM contributed material on the Iranian population in Tehran He has made substantial contributions to the interpretation ... group was matched for age and sex and the Iranian group in Iran was matched for age The Iranian group in Iran consisted of 298 randomly sampled healthy Iranian-born persons aged 60–84, living in ... Independent variables Age was categorized into the following age groups: 60–69 and 70–84 Migration status was defined as Iranians in Iran, Iranians in Sweden, or Swedes In addition, the Iranian group in...
... secondary analyses showed that among "frail" participants both a better emotional status anda more advanced age were associated with a better QOL (Table and Table 4), whereas among "robust" participants ... the fact that "frail" participants had higher levels of formal and informal personal support, and iii) the fact that living and financial conditions were similar along the three groups As far as ... "leisure, activities and religion") except "social relationships and participation" and "financial circumstances" (Table and Additional file 1) Page of 10 Correlates of QOL according to frailty status...
... There are two sections in the questionnaire: section Aand section B Section A aims at gaining personal information, such as age, gender, and area of living This information is used as the parameters ... communicative strategies which are expressed by American -Vietnamese confirming and negating expressions 1.5 Confirmation and negation as a speech act 1.5.1 Confirmation as a speech act Confirmation can be ... expressing confirming and negating verbally have been considered valuable in communication Aims of the study This research aims to: provide an overview of confirming and negating in American and Vietnamese...
... 2.5 Coding and data analysis Data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively In the qualitative analysis, CR data was coded according to the strategies which are mainly based on Herbert‟s ... methodology in terms of sampling, instrumentation, data collection, and data analysis Chapters reports and discuss the main findings according to research questions The final part summaries the main issues ... naturally occurring data Despite the advantages of the DCT, such as allowing for control of situational and social variables and gathering a large amount of data from several groups within a...
... as a system of interpersonal relation designed to facilitate interaction by minimizing the potential for conflict and confrontation inherent in all human interchange” As all linguistic actions ... misinterpretations and misunderstandings can arise and even result ina total breakdown of communication This can also lead to confusion, anger, disappointment and culture shock as an inevitable consequence ... limitation of time and material, the study only concentrates on investigating strategies of expressing satisfaction inEnglishandVietnamesein some certain situations together with some typical...
... direct interviews The questionnaire includes main parts: Part was for getting general information on the informants, including nationality, age, gender, occupation and acquisition of foreign languages ... Table 6: Realization of strategies used by VietnameseandEnglish informants according to their language acquisition Vietnamese findings: A noticeable point from the Vietnamese findings is that ... the VietnameseandEnglish informants will be compared, contrasted and concluded in terms of their parameters, particularly age, gender, living place, occupation and language acquisition Age:...
... Cambridge University Press 15 Green, G M (1989), Pragmatics and Natural Language Understanding, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc 16 Halliday, M .A. K (1974), Language and Social Man, London: ... their confirmation and negation The Americans prefer On- Record strategies (ie Bald On- Record and Joking), while the Vietnamese are more in favor of Off-Record strategies (ie Asserting condition and ... communicative strategies The Americans are similar to Vietnamesein attempts to show their confirmation and negation directly by using "Bald On- Record" strategy However, the Americans andVietnamese have...
... for data analysis The study is also restrained to verbal aspects of the act of expressing annoyance only No matter how important non-verbal aspects such as paralanguage and extra-language are, ... direct interviews The questionnaire includes main parts: Part was for getting general information on the informants, including nationality, age, gender, occupation and acquisition of foreign languages ... expressing annoyance verbally inEnglishandin Vietnamese? (2) What are similarities and differences in the choice of strategies in verbal expressions of annoyance inEnglishandVietnamese culture?...
... happiness, good health and big success.” What was wrong in that situation? The American teacher was completely reasonable in his behavior and there was nothing grammatically wrong in the monitor’s words ... Lan H T T (2000) Offering inEnglishandVietnamese M A Thesis VNUCFL 21 Lanier, A R (1973) Living in the USA International Press, Inc 22 Nhat, T N M (1997) Making requests and responding inEnglish ... offer in their own language and culture The study aimed to get the answers to the following question: What are the similarities and differences in American andVietnamese when offering a gift and...
... (1998) .A cross cultural study of thanking and responding to thanks inEnglishandVietnamese M .A Thesis CFL, VNU Nguyễn Như Trang (2009) Vietnamese- Australian cross- cultural studyon hiding feelings ... Politeness), as well as Directness- Indirectness Due to the limitation of time and material, the study only concentrates on investigating strategies of expressing satisfaction inEnglishandVietnamesein ... dictionary of language teaching and applied linguistics (2nd edition) UK: Longman Samovar, L., Porter, R & Jain, N (1981) Understanding intercultural communication Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Samovar,...
... differences as well as natural and social condition, language in general and idiom in particular we have clear distinction The English say Van Goghs ear for music to show stone deaf It is an ironic ... literal meanings of idioms and proverbs inEnglishVietnamese ones and the image meaning are the same or approximate It is the same to imply the meaning, that is to say, the cultural information ... aesthetic, and education and so onOn contrary, idioms are only section of language and an idiom alone can not express an idea completely, so it equal to word only Hence, they not have functions as proverbs...
... maintain, melt and take 2.1 Antonyms of maintain Maintain is a polysemantic word, because, it has related senses and one of sense has an antonym, which is analysed in the following examples In ... these adverbs are antonymous adverbs (Outside and inside are adverbs and they are antonyms in terms of the contractory direction, carefully and carelessly are adverbs and they are antonyms in terms ... noun have no antonym And he said that conversive doesnt belong to antonym However, in this study, antonym consists of type (gradable antonyms, complementary antonyms, directional antonym and conversive...
... (Maramba clinic), and one ina rural part of Choma District (Pemba clinic) A third site was urban and located in Lusaka (Chawama clinic) in Lusaka Province, and the fourth was ina rural part ... International Inc: Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2007 Calverton, Maryland, USA, CSO and Macro International Inc 2009 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS: Report on the global AIDS epidemic ... GH, Wamoyi J, Busza J, Zaba B, Changalucha J, Kaluvya S, Urassa M: Barriers to accessing antiretroviral therapy in Kisesa, Tanzania: a qualitative study of early rural referrals to the national...