M CL C L i nói đ u I Gi i thi u k thi TOEFL d ng m i (TOEFL iBT) T ng quan 2 Có m i k thi TOEFL iBT C u trúc c a k thi TOEFL iBT D i m TOEFL iBT đ c tính nh th ? II Gi i thi u chi ti t v ph n TOEFL iBT Ph n đ c a) H ng d n b) Ví d đ c c) Ví d đ c d) Ví d đ c 13 e) áp án ví d đ c 18 Ph n nói 21 a) i u ch nh Microphone 21 b) H ng d n 21 c) Ví d câu h i 22 d) Ví d câu h i 22 e) Ví d câu h i 3: 23 f) Ví d câu h i 25 g) Ví d câu h i 5: 28 h) Ví d câu h i 6: 31 Ph n nghe 33 a) Thay đ i Volume 33 b) H ng d n ph n nghe 34 c) Ví d ph n nghe 34 d) Ví d ph n nghe 40 e) Ví d ph n nghe 47 f) Ví d ph n nghe 53 g) Ví d ph n nghe 58 e) Ví d ph n nghe 67 h) áp án ví d ph n nghe 73 Ph n vi t 75 a) Bài vi t 75 b) Bài vi t 76 c) Ví d vi t 76 d) Ví d vi t 79 III Tri n khai k thi TOEFL iBT 79 Th i gian tri n khai k thi TOEFL iBT 79 Ngày thi iBT (T tháng n m 2005 đ n tháng sáu n m 2006) 80 IV M t s câu h i th ng g p 81 Li u r ng có th ch tham d m t ph n xác đ nh thi TOEFL iBT? 81 K thi TOEFL m i có khó h n k thi TOEFL hi n t i ? 81 Cách th c đ ng ký thi TOEFL iBT? 81 L phí cho k thi bao nhiêu? 81 Ph n thi nói đ c tính m nh th nào? 81 Ph n thi vi t đ c tính m nh th nào? 81 Các tr ng đ i h c li u có ch p nh n m c a k thi TOEFL gi y (PBT) hay máy (CBT) không ? 82 V Kinh nghi m c a m t thí sinh thi TOEFL iBT 82 Nói qua v TOEFL iBT 82 Ph n đ c 82 Ph n nghe 83 Ph n nói 84 Ph n vi t 85 n t ng 85 Th t v ng 86 TOEFL iBT- Nh ng u c n bi t L i nói đ u Xin chào b n! V i mong mu n cung c p cho b n m t nhìn t ng th v k thi TOEFL m i, TOEFL iBT, Dethi Group xin g i t i b n cu n tài li u Nh ng u c n bi t v k thi TOEFL m i, TOEFL iBT Cu n tài li u cung c p cho b n nhìn t ng quan nh t v k thi TOEFL iBT c ng nh c u trúc cách th c thi c a m i ph n TOEFL iBT Qua cu n sách b n s hi u bi t h n v k thi TOEFL iBT có k ho ch t t h n cho k thi TOEFL c a Ngồi cu n sách này, Dethi Group cung c p d ch v h tr thi sau: ng ký online TOEFL, GMAT, GRE, SAT,… Chuy n m TOEFL, GRE, GMAT,… Xem m TOEFL, GMAT, GRE s m Hoãn thi TOEFL, GMAT, GRE T v n h c thi TOEFL, GMAT, GRE mi n phí Và nhi u d ch v khác Thông tin chi ti t xin vui lòng g i theo s n tho i 0904 190 851 Chúc b n thi t t! Hà N i 10/2005 Dethi Group www.dethi.net – www.testtip.net- Gi i pháp thi TOEFL, GMAT, GRE, CCNA, MCSE, MCDBA, MCSD, CISCO, ORACLE TOEFL iBT- Nh ng u c n bi t I Gi i thi u k thi TOEFL d ng m i (TOEFL iBT) T ng quan K thi TOEFL d ng m i (Internet-based) hay g i TOEFL iBT s ki m tra b n k n ng ngôn ng Các k n ng r t quan tr ng vi c đ m b o giao ti p có hi u qu , k n ng nói, nghe, đ c vi t TOEFL iBT nh n m nh vào vi c ki m tra k n ng k thi cung c p thông tin đ y đ h n v kh n ng ngơn ng ti ng Anh c a thí sinh cho tr ng đ i h c, vi n nghiên c u Có m i k thi TOEFL iBT • K thi TOEFL iBT có thêm ph n nói, k thi TOEFL gi y (PBT) hay máy (CBT) tr c ch a có ph n Ph n nói g m m t s câu h i đ c l p m t s câu h i đ c đòi h i k t h p h p v i vi c nghe đ c K thi TOEFL iBT khơng cịn ph n C u trúc ng pháp (Structure) Ng pháp đ c ng m ki m tra nh ng câu h i t ng ph n Các gi ng h i tho i ph n Nghe (Listening) dài h n, nh ng bù l i b n đ c phép ghi nháp (note- taking) T c đ ph n âm t nhiên h n, có th m t gi ng s gi ng British hay Australian Và c ng s có nhi u câu h i m i ki m tra kh n ng hi u đ c thái đ , m c đ ch c ch n m c đích c a ng i nói Ph n đ c s có nh ng câu h i m i bu c thí sinh ph i phân lo i thông tin n vào bi u đ hay hoàn thành m t ph n t ng k t Ph n vi t đòi h i b n ph i đánh máy tính, b n khơng có c h i đ vi t gi y n a B n ph i vi t bài, m t vi t đòi h i k t h p v i vi c đ c nghe m t vi t đ c l p • • • • • C u trúc c a k thi TOEFL iBT K thi TOEFL iBT g m ph n thí sinh s m t kho ng gi đ hoàn thành thi C u trúc thi nh sau: Ph n thi c Th i gian gi i h n Nhi m v 60-100 phút 36-70 câu h i Nghe 60-90 phút 34-51 câu h i Ngh gi i lao 10 phút - www.dethi.net – www.testtip.net- Gi i pháp thi TOEFL, GMAT, GRE, CCNA, MCSE, MCDBA, MCSD, CISCO, ORACLE TOEFL iBT- Nh ng u c n bi t Ph n thi Th i gian gi i h n Nhi m v Nói 20 phút câu h i Vi t 50 phút D i m TOEFL iBT đ c tính nh th ? D i m c a k thi TOEFL m i iBT nh sau D i m Ph n Nghe 0-30 c 0-30 Nói 0-30 Vi t 0-30 T ng m 0-120 T ng m cu i t ng m c a k n ng Nghe, Nói, c, Vi t II Gi i thi u chi ti t v ph n TOEFL iBT Ph n đ c a) H ng d n Trong ph n b n s đ c tr l i câu h i c a m i a ph n câu h i m, nh ng câu h i cu i m i th ng nhi u h n m B n có 60 phút đ đ c tồn b tr l i câu h i Trong đ c th ng có nh ng t hay đo n đ c đánh d u màu xanh B n có th b m chu t vào t hay đo n đ xem đ nh ngh a hay gi i thích v t hay đo n chuy n sang câu h i k ti p, b n ph i nh n nút Next B n có th b qua câu h i sau quay l i ch ng th i gian quay l i câu h i tr c đó, b n kích nút Back B n có th kích nút Review b t k th i m m t hình hi n cho phép b n xem nh ng câu h i b n tr l i nh ng câu h i b n ch a tr l i T hình b n có th nh y đ n b t k câu h i ph n c Khi b n s n sàng ti p t c tr l i, kích bi u t ng Dismiss Directions www.dethi.net – www.testtip.net- Gi i pháp thi TOEFL, GMAT, GRE, CCNA, MCSE, MCDBA, MCSD, CISCO, ORACLE TOEFL iBT- Nh ng u c n bi t b) Ví d đ c Opportunists and Competitors Growth, reproduction, and daily metabolism all require an organism to expend energy The expenditure of energy is essentially a process of budgeting, just as finances are budgeted If all of one’s money is spent on clothes, there may be none left to buy food or go to the movies Similarly, a plant or animal cannot squander all its energy on growing a big body if none would be left over for reproduction, for this is the surest way to extinction All organisms, therefore, allocate energy to growth, reproduction, maintenance, and storage No choice is involved; this allocation comes as part of the genetic package from the parents Maintenance for a given body design of an organism is relatively constant Storage is important, but ultimately that energy will be used for maintenance, reproduction, or growth Therefore the principal differences in energy allocation are likely to be between growth and reproduction Almost all of an organism’s energy can be diverted to reproduction, with very little allocated to building the body Organisms at this extreme are “opportunists.” At the other extreme are “competitors,” almost all of whose resources are invested in building a huge body, with a bare minimum allocated to reproduction Dandelions are good examples of opportunists Their seedheads raised just high enough above the ground to catch the wind, the plants are no bigger than they need be, their stems are hollow, and all the rigidity comes from their water content Thus, a minimum investment has been made in the body that becomes a platform for seed dispersal These very short-lived plants reproduce prolifically; that is to say they provide a constant rain of seed in the neighborhood of parent plants A new plant will spring up wherever a seed falls on a suitable soil surface, but because they not build big bodies, they cannot compete with other plants for space, water, or sunlight These plants are termed opportunists because they rely on their seeds’ falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy Opportunists must constantly invade new areas to compensate for being displaced by more competitive species Human landscapes of lawns, fields, or flowerbeds provide settings with bare soil and a lack of competitors that are perfect habitats for colonization by opportunists Hence, many of the strongly opportunistic plants are the common weeds of fields and gardens www.dethi.net – www.testtip.net- Gi i pháp thi TOEFL, GMAT, GRE, CCNA, MCSE, MCDBA, MCSD, CISCO, ORACLE TOEFL iBT- Nh ng u c n bi t Because each individual is short-lived, the population of an opportunist species is likely to be adversely affected by drought, bad winters, or floods If their population is tracked through time, it will be seen to be particularly unstable— soaring and plummeting in irregular cycles The opposite of an opportunist is a competitor These organisms tend to have big bodies, are long-lived, and spend relatively little effort each year on reproduction An oak tree is a good example of a competitor A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more, outcompeting all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil The leaves of an oak tree taste foul because they are rich in tannins, a chemical that renders them distasteful or indigestible to many organisms The tannins are part of the defense mechanism that is essential to longevity Although oaks produce thousands of acorns, the investment in a crop of acorns is small compared with the energy spent on building leaves, trunk, and roots Once an oak tree becomes established, it is likely to survive minor cycles of drought and even fire A population of oaks is likely to be relatively stable through time, and its survival is likely to depend more on its ability to withstand the pressures of competition or predation than on its ability to take advantage of chance events It should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare in nature, as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics The word squander in the passage is closest in meaning to • • • • extend transform activate waste The word none in the passage refers to • • • • food plant or animal energy big body In paragraph 1, the author explains the concept of energy expenditure by • • • • identifying types of organisms that became extinct comparing the scientific concept to a familiar human experience arguing that most organisms conserve rather than expend energy describing the processes of growth, reproduction, and metabolism www.dethi.net – www.testtip.net- Gi i pháp thi TOEFL, GMAT, GRE, CCNA, MCSE, MCDBA, MCSD, CISCO, ORACLE TOEFL iBT- Nh ng u c n bi t Paragraph is marked with an arrow According to the passage, the classification of organisms as “opportunists” or “competitors” is determined by • • • • how the genetic information of an organism is stored and maintained the way in which the organism invests its energy resources whether the climate in which the organism lives is mild or extreme the variety of natural resources the organism consumes in its environment The word dispersal in the passage is closest in meaning to • • • • development growth distribution protection Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information • • • • Because their seeds grow in places where competing plants are no longer present, dandelions are classified as opportunists Dandelions are called opportunists because they contribute to the natural processes of erosion and the creation of gaps in the forest canopy The term opportunists applies to plants whose seeds fall in places where they can compete with the seeds of other plants The term opportunists applies to plants whose falling seeds are removed by natural processes The word massive in the passage is closest in meaning to • • • • huge ancient common successful All of the following are mentioned in paragraph as contributing to the longevity of an oak tree EXCEPT • • • the capacity to create shade leaves containing tannin the ability to withstand mild droughts and fire www.dethi.net – www.testtip.net- Gi i pháp thi TOEFL, GMAT, GRE, CCNA, MCSE, MCDBA, MCSD, CISCO, ORACLE TOEFL iBT- Nh ng u c n bi t • the large number of acorns the tree produces Paragraph is marked with an arrow According to the passage, oak trees are considered competitors because • • • • they grow in areas free of opportunists they spend more energy on their leaves, trunks and roots than on their acorns their population tends to increase or decrease in irregular cycles unlike other organisms, they not need much water or sunlight 10 In paragraph 7, the author suggests that most species of organisms • • • • are primarily opportunists are primarily competitors begin as opportunists and evolve into competitors have some characteristics of opportunists and some of competitors Paragraph is marked with an arrow 11 Look at the four squares be added to the passage that indicate where the following sentence could Such episodic events will cause a population of dandelions, for example, to vary widely Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage 12 Directions: Complete the table by matching the phrases below Directions: Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the type of organism to which they relate TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used This question is worth points Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong To remove an answer choice, click on it To review the passage, click on View Text Answer Choices Opportunists Vary frequently the amount of energy they spend in body www.dethi.net – www.testtip.net- Gi i pháp thi TOEFL, GMAT, GRE, CCNA, MCSE, MCDBA, MCSD, CISCO, ORACLE ... Gi i thi u k thi TOEFL d ng m i (TOEFL iBT) T ng quan 2 Có m i k thi TOEFL iBT C u trúc c a k thi TOEFL iBT D i m TOEFL iBT đ c tính nh th ? II Gi i thi. .. th v k thi TOEFL m i, TOEFL iBT, Dethi Group xin g i t i b n cu n tài li u Nh ng u c n bi t v k thi TOEFL m i, TOEFL iBT Cu n tài li u cung c p cho b n nhìn t ng quan nh t v k thi TOEFL iBT c... n xác đ nh thi TOEFL iBT? 81 K thi TOEFL m i có khó h n k thi TOEFL hi n t i ? 81 Cách th c đ ng ký thi TOEFL iBT? 81 L phí cho k thi bao nhiêu? 81 Ph n thi nói đ c