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San Francisco • London Network+ ™ Study Guide Third Edition David Groth Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Associate Publisher: Neil Edde Acquisitions and Developmental Editor: Elizabeth Hurley Editors: Donna Crossman, Susan Berge Production Editor: Mae Lum Technical Editors: Andre Paree-Huff, Louis DiPaola Book Designer: Bill Gibson Graphic Illustrator: Tony Jonick Electronic Publishing Specialists: Stacey Loomis, Jim Link of Interactive Composition Corporation Proofreaders: Emily Hsuan, Yariv Rabinovitch, Laurie O’Connell, David Nash, Nancy Riddiough, Amey Garber Indexer: Ted Laux CD Coordinator: Christine Detlefs CD Technician: Kevin Ly Cover Designer: Archer Design Cover Photographer: Natural Selection Copyright © 2002 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but not limited to photo- copy, photograph, magnetic, or other record, without the prior agreement and written permission of the publisher. First edition copyright © 1999, SYBEX Inc. Second edition copyright © 2001, SYBEX Inc. Library of Congress Card Number: 2001094587 ISBN: 0-7821-4014-9 SYBEX and the SYBEX logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of SYBEX Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Screen reproductions produced with Collage Complete. Collage Complete is a trademark of Inner Media Inc. Screen reproductions of Mac OS X courtesy of Apple Computer, Inc. The CD interface was created using Macromedia Director, COPYRIGHT 1994, 1997–1999 Macromedia Inc. For more information on Macromedia and Macromedia Director, visit http://www.macromedia.com. Internet screen shot(s) using Microsoft Internet Explorer 5 reprinted by permission from Microsoft Corporation. The logo of the CompTIA Authorized Quality Curriculum Program and the status of this or other training material as “Authorized” under the CompTIA Authorized Curriculum Program signifies that, in CompTIA’s opinion, such training material covers the content of the CompTIA’s related certification exam. CompTIA has not reviewed or approved the accuracy of the contents of this training material and specifically disclaims any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. CompTIA makes no guarantee concerning the success of persons using any such “Authorized” or other training material in order to prepare for any CompTIA certification exam. The contents of this training material were created for the CompTIA Network+ exam covering CompTIA certification exam objectives that were current as of June 2001. Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com How to Become CompTIA Certified : This training material can help you prepare for and pass a related CompTIA certification exam or exams. In order to achieve CompTIA certification, you must register for and pass a CompTIA certification exam or exams. In order to become CompTIA certified, you must: • Select a certification exam provider. For more information, please visit http://www.comptia.org/certification/ test_locations.htm . • Register for and schedule a time to take the CompTIA certification exam(s) at a convenient location. • Read and sign the Candidate Agreement, which will be presented at the time of the exam(s). The text of the Candidate Agreement can be found at www.comptia.org/certification. • Take and pass the CompTIA certification exam(s). 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Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com To Our Valued Readers: CompTIA’s Network+ certification program has established itself as the premier general networking certification in the IT industry. Sybex is proud to have helped thousands of Network+ candidates prepare for their exam, and we are excited about the opportunity to continue to provide people with the skills they’ll need to succeed in the highly competitive IT industry. CompTIA recently revised the Network+ exam, updating the objectives set, expanding the question pool, and adding select-and-place questions formats, all in an effort to prevent the dreaded paper- certification syndrome, one in which individuals obtain a certification without a thorough under- standing of the technology. Sybex supports this philosophy, as we have always advocated a compre- hensive instructional approach to certification courseware. It has always been Sybex’s mission to teach exam candidates how new technologies work in the real world, not to simply feed them answers to test questions. We’re especially excited about this third edition of our best-selling Network + Study Guide , as it now sports the new CompTIA Authorized Quality Curriculum (CAQC) logo on the cover. CompTIA developed the CAQC program to help exam candidates make better decisions about which training materials to use, and has established rigorous standards that courseware developers must meet in order to display the CAQC logo. The book you hold in your hands went through a review process that checked for exam objective correlation and instructional design integrity, and we are happy to say that we passed with flying colors! We’re confident that this book will help you, the Network+ exam candidate, succeed in your endeavors. Good luck in pursuit of your Network+ certification! Neil Edde Associate Publisher—Certification Sybex, Inc. SYBEX Inc. 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501 Tel: 510/523-8233 Fax: 510/523-2373 HTTP://www.sybex.com Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com To my wonderful book team members. Thanks for your help in making our book a success. —David Groth Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Acknowledgments I t takes many people to put a book together. This will be the third edition of this book, so I can safely say that these people know what they’re doing and that I can count on working with talented people. This book would not exist if it weren’t for my acquisitions and develop- mental editor, Elizabeth Hurley. Thank you for all of your encouragement, support, and continued friendship. I appreciate all of the hard work you con- tribute to each one of my book projects. Additionally, many thanks go to Mae Lum, our book team’s tireless production editor. Kudos to you for jug- gling all sorts of deadlines spanning many projects, for organizing new schedules around new beta release dates, and for basically keeping your eye on the ball for me all of the time. Kudos should also go to Donna Crossman, editor extraordinaire. Thank you for wading through various versions of these chapters each time objectives were changed, added, or eliminated. Additionally, many thanks should go to ICC’s Stacey Loomis and Jim Link, our electronic publishing specialists, for laying out the very pages you see before you. Finally, one last cheer for the proofreaders who checked every last detail before sending the pages to the printer: Emily Hsuan, Laurie O’Connell, David Nash, Nancy Riddiough, Amey Garber and Yariv Rabinovitch. I must also take a moment to recognize the unwavering good work of this book’s technical editor, Andre Paree-Huff. He has faithfully watched over this book from its first edition and is responsible for maintaining its accu- racy. For each edition, including this one, a pool of top-notch technical edi- tors helped out Andre by completing a second full technical edit just before the book was sent to the printer. Bob Gradante, Jutta VanStean, and Louis DiPaola should also be gratefully acknowledged for their fine expertise. I would also like to recognize my wife, family, and friends. My wife, Linda, tirelessly wrote and edited the appendices and kept me on the right track. She was a real trooper because she managed to do that while watching our daughter, Alison, who can be a handful. Thank you to my family and friends who understood when I couldn’t go out or help them with projects because I had to work on the book. I really appreciate that. Finally, thank you, the reader, for purchasing this book. I know that it has all the information in it to help you pass the test. If you have questions about Network+ or this book, feel free to e-mail me at dgroth@practicaltrainingsolutions.com . All of us involved in the book project have worked very hard to make it the best Network+ Study Guide available. I hope you feel the same. Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Contents at a Glance Introduction xx Assessment Test xxxiii Chapter 1 Network Fundamentals 1 Chapter 2 The OSI Model 51 Chapter 3 TCP/IP Fundamentals 105 Chapter 4 TCP/IP Utilities 163 Chapter 5 Major Network Operating Systems 207 Chapter 6 Network Installation and Upgrades 251 Chapter 7 WAN and Remote Access Technologies 315 Chapter 8 Network Access and Security 347 Chapter 9 Fault Tolerance and Disaster Recovery 405 Chapter 10 Network Troubleshooting 455 Glossary 511 Index 558 Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Introduction I f you are like the rest of the networking community, you probably have many certifications. Certification is one of the best things you can do for your career in the computer or networking field. It proves that you know what you’re talking about when it comes to the area in which you are certified. In this book, you’ll find out what the Network+ exam is all about. Each chapter covers a part of the exam. At the end of each chapter, there are review questions to help you prepare for the exam. What Is the Network+ Certification? N etwork+ is a certification developed by the Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA). This organization exists to provide resources and education for the computer and technology community. This is the same body that developed the A+ exam for computer technicians. Back in 1995, they convened to develop a new certification that tests skills for Information Technology (IT). To ensure industry-wide support, it was sponsored by many IT industry leaders, including:  Compaq Computers  Digital Equipment Corporation (a part of Compaq)  IBM  Lotus  Microsoft  Novell  TSS  U.S. Robotics  US West  Wave Technologies Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com [...]... how-tos Why Become Network+ Certified? T he Network+ certification is a relatively new certification, but it is the next certification in a line of CompTIA certifications starting with the A+ certification Because CompTIA is a well-respected developer of vendorneutral industry certifications, getting Network+ certified indicates that you are competent in the specific areas tested by Network+ Three major... multiple technology certifications, including Network+ Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com xxii Introduction Network+, because of its wide-reaching industry support, is recognized as a baseline of networking information Some companies specify that Network+ certification will result in a pay raise at review time And some companies specify that Network+ certification, in conjunction with... the many people who want to pass the Network+ exam, and pass it confidently, then you should buy this book and use it to study for the exam The Network+ exam is designed to measure the technical knowledge of networking professionals with 18–24 months of experience in the IT industry This book was written with one goal in mind: not to just prepare you for passing the Network+ exam, but to prepare to you... prepare you for passing the Network+ exam, but to prepare to you for the challenges of the real IT world This study guide will do that by describing in detail the concepts on which you’ll be tested How to Use This Book and CD T his book includes several features that will make studying for the Network+ exam easier At the beginning of the book (right after this introduction, in fact) is an assessment... for the real Network+ exam Full Text of the Book in PDF If you are going to travel but still need to study for the Network+ exam—and you have a laptop with a CD-ROM drive—you can take this entire book with you on the CD-ROM This book is in PDF (Adobe Acrobat) format so it can be easily read on any computer Exam Objectives In this section, we are going to look at the objectives that the Network+ exam... Implementation 23% 4.0 Network Support 32% Total 100% This section includes the outline of the exam objectives for the Network+ exam and the weighting of each objective category The objectives and weighting percentages given in this section can change at any time Check CompTIA s website at www .comptia. org for a list of the most current objectives Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Introduction... another certification There has been talk of using the Network+ certification as a prerequisite to, or as part of, other vendors’ certifications And I think it’s a natural fit For example, training for both the Novell and the Microsoft certification programs (CNE and MCSE) includes a course in the essential networking technologies Because the Network+ exam covers network fundamentals and is vendor... technologies Because the Network+ exam covers network fundamentals and is vendor neutral, it may be a good replacement for the Microsoft or the Novell exam How to Become Network+ Certified T he simplest way to find out how to become Network+ certified is to take the exam It is administered by Prometric, with which most of you are familiar if you have taken other computer certification exams, and it... use of an industry-wide job task analysis CompTIA asked groups of IT professionals to fill out a survey rating the skills they felt were important in their job The results were grouped into objectives for the exam Each of these objectives is divided into four domains The following table indicates the extent to which they are represented in the actual examination Network+ Certification Domain Areas % of... tested by Network+ Three major benefits are associated with becoming Network+ certified: Proof of professional achievement Opportunity for advancement Fulfillment of training requirements Proof of Professional Achievement Networking professionals are competing these days to see who can get the most certifications And because the Network+ certification is broad and it covers the entire field of networking, . our best-selling Network + Study Guide , as it now sports the new CompTIA Authorized Quality Curriculum (CAQC) logo on the cover. CompTIA developed the CAQC. Program signifies that, in CompTIA s opinion, such training material covers the content of the CompTIA s related certification exam. CompTIA has not reviewed