Câu bị động (Passive Voices) 1. Bảng chia Chủ động sang Bị động: Simple present do done Present continuous is/are doing is/are being done Simple Past did was/were done Past continuous was/were doing was/were being done Present Perfect has/have done has/have been done Past perfect had done had been done Simple future will do will be done Future perfect will have done will have been done is/are going to is/are going to do is/are going to be done Might/ should/can/could/must Might/ should/can/could/must be P.P Have to/ Used to Have/Used to be done 2. Active: S + V + Indirect Object + Direct Object Passive: S (I.O) + BE + P.P + D.O + (BY O – S) Ex: Someone gave Mr. Lee an award.  Mr. Lee was given an award (by someone). Active: S + V + Indirect Object + to/for + Direct Object Passive: S (I. O) + BE + P.P + to/for + D.O + (BY O – S) Ex: Someone gave an award to Mr. Lee.  An award was given to Mr. Lee (by someone). TO: give, leave, hand, pass, promise, show, offer, read, throw, send, post, bring, pay, sell, write, tell teach, owe, live. FOR: buy, get, fetch (tìm/đem về), find, save, choose, reserve, order, book, make, cook, build, pick. Ex: He owes his father 500 dollars = He owes 500 dollars to his father.  His father is owed 500 dollars = 500 dollars is owed to his father. 3. S 1 + say/know/think/believe/ find/ rumor… + that S 2 + V  It + BE + Passive Verb + that + clause.  S 2 + BE + Passive Verb + to INF. Ex: They think that the owner of the house is abroad. 1  It is thought that the owner of the house is abroad.  The owner of the house is thought to be abroad. 4. NEED + V-ing = NEED + TO BE P.P The windows need cleaning = the windows need to be cleaned. 5. COMMON STATIVE PASSIVE VERB + PRE. (động từ chỉ trạng thái phổ biến dạng bị động) 1) be accustomed to: quen với 2) be acquainted with: làm quen với 3) be addicted to: say mê 4) be annoyed with/by 5) be associated with: kết bạn với 6) be bored with/by: chán ngấy 7) be composed of: bao gồm 8) be concerned about: lo lắng 9) be connected to 10) be coordinated with 11) be covered with 12) be crowded with 13) be dedicated to: cống hiến 14) be devoted to: tận tụy với 15) be disappointed in/with 16) be divorced from 17) be done with 18) be dressed in 19) be drunk on 20) be engaged to 21) be equipped with 22) be excited about 23) be exhausted from: kiệt sức vì 24) be exposed to: bị đặt vào tình trạng dễ bị bệnh, phơi bày 25) be finished with 26) be frightened of/by 27) be filled with 28) be gone from 29) be interested in 30) be involved in 31) be known for 32) be located in 33) be made of: được làm bằng (Đề cập đến chất liệu làm nên vật) 34) be made from: Được làm ra từ (đề cập đến việc nguyên vật liệu bị biến đổi khỏi trạng thái ban đầu để làm nên vật) 35) be made out of: Được làm bằng (đề cập đến quá trình làm ra vật) 36) be married to 37) be opposed to: chống đối 38) be pleased with 39) be prepared for 40) be qualified for 41) be related to 42) be satisfied with 43) be scared of/by 44) be terrified of/by 45) be tired of: ngán 46) be tired from: mệt vì 47) be worried about Our high school soccer team was very excited about going to the national finals. She is not acquainted with him. 6. Causative form: To have sb bare inf. sth = to get sb to do sth  To have/to get sth done (passive) 2 I`ll have Peter fix my car.  I’ll have my car fixed by Peter. I`ll get Peter to fix my car.  I’ll get my car fixed by Peter. To make sb + P2 = làm cho ai bị làm sao Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday. To cause sth + P2 = làm cho cái gì bị làm sao The big thunder storm caused many waterfront houses damaged . Sau những động từ: to have, to order, to get, to bid, to cause hay một động từ chỉ về giác quan hoặc cảm tính, ta dùng Past Participle bao hàm nghĩa như bị động: Ex: We had your photos taken. We heard the song sung. We got tired after having walked for long. 7. Một số Trường hợp đặc biệt khác: Active: S + like/love/want/wish + O + to INF. St Passive: S + like/love/want/wish + St. + to be p.p Ex: She wants her sister to take some photographs.(active) She wants some photographs to be taken by her sister. (passive) Active: S + advise/insist/propose/recommend/suggest + V-ing + st. Passive: S + + that S should be p.p Ex: He recommended using my computer. He recommended that my computer should be used. Active: S + remember/like + O + V-ing + O Passive: S + remember/like + being p.p Ex: I remember them taking me to the zoo. (active) I remember being taken to the zoo.(passive) Ex: She likes her boyfriend telling the truth. (active) She likes being told the truth. (passive) Active: It is impossible to inf. Passive: It can’t be p.p Ex: It is impossible to do this.  It can’t be done. Active: S + let + O + bare inf. Passive: S + be + let + bare inf. Ex: They let us go.  We were let go. Imperative + O  Let + O + be + p.p 3 Ex: Do this assignment.  Let this assignment de done. Don’t bare inf. + O  S + mustn’t be p.p S+ isn’t / aren’t to be p.p Ex: Don’t touch this button.  This button mustn’t be touched.  This button isn’t to be touched. Don’t let them/people bare inf. you  Don’t let yourself/yourselves be p.p He/she let them/people bare inf. him/her  He/she let himself/herself be p.p Ex: Don’t let people hear you!  Don’t’ let yourself be heard. He let people cheat him.  He let himself be cheated. 8. Một số Trường hợp đặc biệt nguyên mẫu có TO: Suppose; see; make; Ví dụ: You are supposed to learn English now. (passive) = It is your duty to learn English now. (active) = You should learn English now. (active) Ví dụ: He is father makes him learn hard. (active) He is made to learn hard. (passive) Ví dụ: You should be working now. (active) You are supposed to be working now. (passive) Ví dụ: People believed that he was waiting for his friend (active). (hành động được cho là xảy ra trước khi nói) He was believed to have been waiting for his friend. (passive) 4 . Câu bị động (Passive Voices) 1. Bảng chia Chủ động sang Bị động: Simple present do done Present. say/know/think/believe/ find/ rumor… + that S 2 + V  It + BE + Passive Verb + that + clause.  S 2 + BE + Passive Verb + to INF. Ex: They think that the owner of