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Chapter 6 - Leadership and values. This chapter reviews evidence regarding the relationship between values and leadership. Values are constructs that represent general sets of behaviors or states of affairs that individuals consider to be important, and they are a central part of a leader''s psychological makeup.
61 McGrawHill/Irwin © 2002 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved C HAPTER S IX Leadership and Values The Relative Importance People Place On Values Terminal Values Instrumental Values An exciting life Being courageous A sense of accomplishment Being helpful Family security Being honest Inner harmony Being imaginative Social recognition Being logical Friendship Being responsible McGrawHill/Irwin © 2002 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved 63 Some Influences On the Development Of Personal Values 64 Parents Religion Peers Personal Value System Technology Education Media McGrawHill/Irwin © 2002 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved The Building Blocks Of Skills Skills/ Competencies Knowledge Intelligence McGrawHill/Irwin Experience Personality Traitsand Preferences Values Interests Motives/Goals â2002TheMcGrawưHillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved 6ư5 DevelopmentalLevelsOfMoral Reasoning ã Preconventional the level in which a person’s criteria for moral behavior are based primarily on selfinterest • Conventional the level the criteria for moral behavior are based primarily on gaining others’ approval • Postconventional the level in which the criteria are based on universal, abstract principles that mayeventranscendthelawsofaparticular society McGrawưHill/Irwin â2002TheMcGrawưHillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved 6ư6 6ư7 StagesOfMoralReasoning ã PreconventionalLevel ã Stage 1: “Bad” behavior is that which is punished • Stage 2: “Good” behavior is that which is concretely rewarded • Conventional Level • Stage 3: “Good” behavior is that which is approved by others; “bad” behavior is that which is disapproved by others McGrawưHill/Irwin â2002TheMcGrawưHillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved 6ư8 StagesOfMoralReasoningcontinued ã ConventionalLevel ã Stage4:Goodbehaviorconformstostandardsset bysocialinstitutions;transgressionsleadtofeelingsof guiltordishonor • Postconventional • Stage 5: “Good” behavior conforms to community standards set through democratic participation; concern with maintaining selfrespect and the respect of equals • Stage 6: “Good” behavior is a matter of individual conscience based on responsibly chosen commitments to ethical principles McGrawHill/Irwin © 2002 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved Perceptions Of Unethical Business Practices Percent of people expressing belief business would 62% 48% Harm the environment McGrawHill/Irwin 38% 37% Endanger public health Sell unsafe products 44% 42% Knowingly sell Deliberately Risk employee inferior charge inflated health and products prices safety © 2002 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved 69 Actions That May Be Legal But Unethical • Scapegoating personal failures • Shirking unpleasant responsibilities • Knowingly making unreasonable demands of others • Breaking promises • Slacking off • Favoring friends for desirable assignments when others are more qualified. McGrawHill/Irwin © 2002 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved 610 How Good People Justify Doing Bad Things • • • • McGrawHill/Irwin Moral justification Euphemistic labeling Advantageous comparison Displacementofresponsibility â2002TheMcGrawưHillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved 6ư11 HowGoodPeopleJustifyDoingBadThings, continued ã Diffusionofresponsibility ã Disregardordistortionof consequences • Dehumanization • Attribution of blame McGrawHill/Irwin © 2002 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved 612 The Narrow Band of Acceptable Behavior Traditional feminine behavior Traditional masculine behavior Narrow Bands of Acceptable Behavior My characteristics as a leader McGrawHill/Irwin This organization’s stereotype of effective leadership © 2002 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved 613 ... are based on universal, abstract principles that may even transcend? ?the? ?laws? ?of? ?a particular society McGrawHill/Irwin © 2002? ?The? ?McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved 6? ?6 67 Stages? ?Of? ?Moral Reasoning • Preconventional Level... Knowingly making unreasonable demands of? ?others • Breaking promises • Slackingoff ã Favoringfriendsfordesirableassignments whenothersaremorequalified. McGrawưHill/Irwin â2002TheMcGrawưHillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved 6? ?10... Disregard or distortion? ?of? ? consequences • Dehumanization • Attribution? ?of? ?blame McGrawHill/Irwin © 2002? ?The? ?McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved 6? ?12 The? ?Narrow Band? ?of? ?Acceptable Behavior