LI label noun 1paper, etc. attached to sth • ADJ. adhesive, sticky I designer clothes with a de- signer label I address, luggage I price I warning • VERB + LABEL bear, carry, have It doesn't have a price label on it. I attach, put on, stick on She stuck labels on all the jars. I remove, take off I read Always read the label beforetaking any medicine. • PREP. on a/the - What does it say on the label? I- on the label on the bottle 2description • VERB + LABEL apply, attach, use One sometimes feels that the label 'classic' is applied to any book that is dull. 3company that produces records • ADJ. record I major I independent • VERB + LABEL sign to/with The band are hoping to sign with a major label by the end of the year: • PREP. under a/the - The record was produced under the Virgin label. label verb 1put a label on sth • ADV. correctly, properly I wrongly Some of the plants were wrongly labelled. I carefully, clearly, neatly apile of small plastic bags, each carefully labelled • PREP. with The samples were all labelled with a date and place of origin. 2 describe sb/sth as a particular thing • ADV. falsely, wrongly She was wrongly labelled a liar. I automatically • PREP as She had automatically labelled the boys as troublemakers. laboratory noun • ADJ. up-to-date, well-equipped I commercial, indus- trial I school, university I biology, chemistry, physics, science I chemical, pharmaceutical I analytical, clin- ical, development, experimental, forensic, medical, nu- clear, pathology, photographic, public health, quality control, research, testing • VERB + LABORATORY build, establish, set up She has donated money to establish a pharmaceuticallabora- tory. I run He runs his own research laboratory. I work in They work in a laboratory studying growth patterns. • LABORATORY + NOUN assistant, chemist, manager, scientist, technician, worker I apparatus, bench, equipment, facilities I animal I analysis, experiment, investigation, measurement, simulation, study, test, testing, trial, work laboratory tests on animals I science, subject I practices, procedures I data, evidence, findings, report, results I conditions, setting The ath- letes' reflexes were tested under laboratory conditions. 0 simulated driuing in a laboratory setting • PREP. in a/the - The effects of weathering can be simu- lated in the laboratory. labour noun 1work • ADJ. manual, physical I forced, hard He was sen- tenced tofour years hard labour for his crime. • VERB + LABOUR withdraw The miners are threaten- ing to withdraw their labour. • LABOUR + NOUN market an increasingly competitive labour market 2workers • ADJ. cheap I casual I skilled, unskilled I child, mi- grant, slave It is thought that Stonehenge was built using slave labour. • LABOUR + NOUN force the size of the labour force I cost/costs I relations 3giving birth • ADJ. difficult, easy I long, short The baby was born after a long labour. • VERB + LABOUR go into She went into labour two weeks early. I induce Labour was induced when the baby was ten days overdue. • LABOUR + NOUN room, ward I pains • PREP. in-She was in labourfor ten hours. labourer noun • ADJ. casual, seasonal I migrant I manual I skilled, unskilled I general I agricultural, farm, rural I build- er's Hegot ajob as a builder's labourer. • QUANT. gang Gangs of labourers dug the canals. C:>NoteatJOB lace noun 1for a shoe • VERB + LACE do,do up, tie He's still a bit young to tie his own laces. I undo, untie I loosen, tighten 2decorative cloth • ADJ. delicate, fine • VERB + LACE knit, make a machine for knitting lace • PHRASES edged/trimmed with lace a silk dress trimmed with lace lack noun • ADJ. profound, serious, severe I conspicuous, dis- tinct, notable, obvious There was a distinct lack of urgen- cy in his manner. I complete, sheer, total a complete lack of confidence I relative I abysmal an abysmal lack of knowledge • PREP. by - of The situation was worsened by lack of communication. for - of They lost the game, but not for lack of trying. from - of She thought she would collapse from lack of sleep. through - of I'ue lost those skills through lack of practice. I - of I couldn't hide my lack of enthusiasm. • PHRASES no lack of sth There is certainly no lack of interest in the subject. lack verb • ADV. really I completely, entirely She completely lacks confidence. I apparently He apparently lacked the desire to learn. I clearly, conspicuously, manifestly, obvious- ly I simply Perhaps you simply lack the intelligence to realize just how serious this is? I otherwise Her high- heeled shoes gave her the height she otherwise lacked. I somehow His claim somehow lacked conviction. • VERB + LACK appear to, seem to His life seemed to lack direction. lacking adj. • VERBS be, feel, seem Her lifefelt lacking in direction and purpose. I find sth an area ofpolicy where the govern- ment has beenfound seriously lacking • ADV. seriously I altogether, completely, entirely, quite, totally, wholly The book is altogether lacking in ori- Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. lacquer ginality. I a bit, a little, rather, somewhat I apparently I clearly, conspicuously, distinctly, notably, noticeably, obviously Tom was conspicuously lacking in enthusiasm for the idea. I singularly I curiously, strangely I sadly, sorely, woefully • PREP. from the passion sadly lacking from. his perform- ance in Her remarks were curiously lacking in perception. lacquer noun • ADJ. protective I clear, matt • VERB + LACQUER be coated with, be varnished with I apply, put on, spray on Apply the lacquer evenly. • LACQUER + NOUN finish lad noun • ADJ. little, young I big, strapping He's a strapping lad-already bigger than his father. I handsome I de- cent, fine, good, great, lovely, nice, smashing I bright, sensible • QUANT. bunch, group They're a nice bunch of lads. ladder noun 1 piece of equipment for climbing up sth • ADJ. rickety I wooden I loft, rope • VERB + LADDER ascend, clamber up, climb (up), mount, go up He went up the ladder onto the deck. I come down, descend, go down I put up Weput up the ladder and went to get the paint. I fall off, step off • PREP. on/up a/the- She was up a ladder mending the roof down a/the - I was standing lower down the ladder. I - to the ladder to the gallery • PHRASES the bottom/foot of a ladder, a rung/step of a ladder Several of the ladder's rungs were broken. the top of a ladder 2 levels in a system • ADJ. evolutionary, social the people at the top of the social ladder I career, corporate, housing, promotion • VERB + LADDER ascend, climb, move up She was anxious to move up the promotion ladder. I get onto • PREP. higher up the - creatures higher up the evolu- tionary ladder lower down the - I - of the ladder offame -to helping her on the ladder to success • PHRASES get/have one foot on the ladder Hefinally managed to get onefoot on the career ladder. a rung/step on the ladder the old problem of how to get onto the first step on the ladder laden adj. • VERBS be • ADV. heavily He took the heavily laden tray from her. I absolutely, fully The trees were absolutely laden with apples. o afuliy laden basket • PREP. with They arrived laden with gifts. lady noun • ADJ. elderly, middle-aged, old, young A little old lady opened the door. I attractive, beautiful, lovely, pretty I charming, fine, lovely, nice I cleaning, dinner, tea The school employs four dinner ladies. • LADY + NOUN friend Weteased my uncle about his new lady friend. • PHRASES a lady of leisure She's a lady of leisure now that she's retired. the lady of the house q Note at PEER lag verb • ADV. badly, seriously I behind She did well in her first year at school but then started to lag behind. • PREP. behind Britain still lags badly behind the rest of 448 Europe on this. • PHRASES lag far/way/well behind (sb/sth) The Tories are still lagging way behind in the opinion polls. lake noun • ADJ. big, great, huge, large I little, small I deep I shallow I beautiful, lovely I blue I freshwater, salt I frozen I artificial, man-made, ornamental I inland, mountain I boating • VERB + LAKE cross You should cross the lake before nightfall. • LAKE + NOUN bed, water • PREP. across a/the - A ferry takes people across the lake. around/round a/the - Wewalked around the lake. at a/the- Wehad a holiday at Lake Como. in a/the- Carp live in the lake. into althe- Shefell into the lake. on a/the- We went boating on the lake o a cottage on the lake • PHRASES the edge/middle/shores/side/surface of the lake There is a cafe on the other side of the lake. lamb noun 1young sheep • ADJ. newborn I orphaned I sacrificial (often figura- tive) I am not going to be a sacrificial lamb on the altar of political correctness. • VERB + LAMB fatten I kill, slaughter the traffic in illegally slaughtered lamb • LAMB + VERB bleat I frolic, gambol 2 meat • ADJ. spring I curried, grilled, minced, roast • LAMB + NOUN chop, cutlet I casserole, curry, stew • PHRASES breast/leg/necklracklshoulder of lamb q Special page at FOOD lame adj. • VERBS be, look I go His horse had gone lame. I leave sb, make sb an accident which had left him lame • ADV. completely, quite I slightly lamp noun • ADJ. bedside, desk, reading, standard, table I gas, oil, paraffin • VERB + LAMP light, switch on, turn on I switch off, turn off • LAMP + VERB burn, glow, shine An oil lamp burned in the darkness. I flicker, go out land noun 1surface of the earth • ADJ. dry It was good to be on dry land again after months at sea. • VERB + LAND reach The explorers reached land after a long voyage. I sight In the distance the crew sighted land. I reclaim The new project will reclaim the land.from the sea. • LAND + NOUN mass chains of volcanoes running along the edgeof continental land masses I animal, mam- mal I battle, war I forces With the land forces defeated, everything now rested on the navy. • PREP. by-It's impossible to reach this beach by land be- cause of the high cliffs. on- Some animals can live both on land and in water. 2 piece of ground • ADJ. good, prime prime building land I fertile, rich rich agricultural land o land that is rich in mineral de- posits I marginal, poor animals grazing on marginal land that was previously heath or moorland I arid, dry, hard, parched The land was very dry and hard after the long, hot summer. I marshy I barren I derelict, waste (also wasteland) A new shopping centre will be built on the derelict land. I contaminated I empty, unused, va- Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. cant I uncultivated, virgin, wild I agricultural, arable, cultivated, farm (also farmland), farming I grazing I in- dustrial I building, housing I green belt I rural, urban I private I public I common This used to be common land, where everyone had the right to graze animals. I open They finally got out of the town and reached open land. I flat, low-lying I hill, undulating I coastal, for- est,meadow • QUANT. parcel, piece, plot, scrap, strip, tract Every scrap of land is usedfor growingfood. 0 The college owns vast tracts of land. • VERB + LAND have, hold, own The inhabitants of a village held land in common. I acquire, buy, purchase I sell I cultivate, farm, plough, work I irrigate I clear The land has been cleared ready for building. I develop They were refused permission to develop the land. I oc- cupy During the war their lands were occupied by the enemy. I seize I allocate, distribute, redistribute I grant sb He was granted land by the king. • LAND + VERB adjoin sth a piece of land adjoining a disused railway line • LAND + NOUN owner, ownership I acquisition, pur- chase I reclamation I development I use I prices, values I dispute 3the land farming land • VERB + LAND live off It's very fertile countryside where you can just live ojJthe land. I farm, work (on) His family had always worked the land. I leave Many people leave the land to find work in towns and cities. I get/go back to He's tired of living in cities, and wants to get back to the land. 4 country • ADJ. ancestral, native the tribe's ancestral lands I dis- tant He travelled to many distant lands. I alien, foreign, strange She was all alone in a strange land. I promised (of tenfigurative) the promised land of progressive educa- tion I cloud cuckoo, never-never (both figurative) Any- one who thinks this legislation will be effective is living in cloud cuckoo land. land verb 1of an aircraft • ADY. safely The pilot managed to land the plane safely. • VERB + LAND be due to I come down to The plane slowly came down to land. I be forced to The plane was forced to land in a nearby field. I manage to • PREP. at Weare due to land at Heathrow at 12.15. 2fall to the ground • ADV. awkwardly, badly I landed awkwardly and twist- ed my ankle. I expertly, neatly He tensed himself for the jump and landed expertly on the other side. I heavily I lightly • PREP. on Shefell and landed heavily on her back. landing noun 1of an aircraft • ADJ. abrupt, bumpy I crash, emergency, forced I gentle, safe, smooth, soft • VERB + LANDING make The pilot had to make an emergency landing in afield. • LANDING + NOUN strip 2top of a staircase • ADJ. first-floor, second-floor, etc. • PREP. off the- The room opens off the landing. on the- There's aphone on the landing outside your room. landlady, landlord noun 1sb who lets a house/room • ADJ. resident I absentee The house has an absentee landlord, who visits theproperty once a year. 2sb who owns/runs a pub 449 lane • ADJ. pub He left the army and became apub landlord. • LANDLADY, LANDLORD + VERB serve sb The land- lady came over to serve me. landmark noun 1feature of the landscape • ADJ. distinctive, prominent I famous, well·known I familiar After twenty years, all the familiar landmarks had disappeared. I local I historic • VERB + LANDMARK recognize • PREP -for The tower was once a landmark for ships. 2 important stage in the development of sth • ADJ. great, important, major, significant • VERB + LANDMARK be, represent The Russian Revo- lution represents a landmark in world history. • LANDMARK + NOUN decision, ruling a landmark de- cision on the legal status of afoetus I case • PREP. - in Thefilm. is an important landmark in the his- tory of the cinema. landscape noun • VERB + LANDSLIDE barren, bleak, dramatic, rocky, rugged the dramatic landscape of the desert I beautiful I rural, urban an urban landscape of factories and sky- scrapers I industrial I winter I lunar I political, social (both figurative) The political landscape of the country has changed since unemployment rose. • VERB + LANDSCAPE conserve, preserve, protect the need to conserve the rural landscape I dominate The power station dominates the landscape. • LANDSCAPE + NOUN architect, gardener I design, gardening I painter, photographer I painting landslide noun 1fall of earth or rocks • VERB + LANDSLIDE cause The floods caused a land- slide. • LANDSLIDE + VERB destroy sth The village was des- troyed by a landslide. 2election victory • ADJ. electoral Nobody predicted such an electoral land- slide. I Conservative, Labour, etc. • VERB + LANDSLIDE win by The National Party won ·by a landslide. • LANDSLIDE + NOUN victory lane noun 1narrow road • ADJ. little, narrow, single-track, small I quiet I bumpy, rough I dusty, muddy I twisting, winding I grassy, green, leafy I cobbled I country I back Light- ing is poor in the back lanes of the city. • VERB + LANE turn down/into • LANE + VERB go, lead, run the lane leading to the vil- lage 0 The lane runs past the the lake. • PREP. along a/the - Wecycled for miles along winding country lanes. down a/the», in a/the>, up a/the» 2 part of a wide road for one line of traffic • ADJ. fast, slow I inside, left-hand, middle, outside, right·hand I overtaking I northbound, southbound. etc. I traffic I bus, cycle • VERB + LANE change, get in I hate changing lanes on the motorway. 0 Get in lane early when approaching a junction. I keep in, stay in • LANE + NOUN closures, restrictions Lane closures are causing hold-ups on the M6 near junction 2. • PREP. in (the) - The bus was crawling along in the slow lane. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. language NOTE Language excellent, fluent, good, perfect- He speaks fluent Japanese. bad, broken, poor- I got by with broken Chinese and sign language. colloquial, idiomatic, non-standard, pidgin, standard- The inhabitants speak a kind of pidgin Spanish. spoken, written- My spoken Polish is better than my written Polish. business- She is doing a course in business English. original- Thefable is translatedfrom the original French. know, read, speak, understand, use- I am more comfortable using Spanish, if you don't mind. be fluent in- She wasjluent in German, Urduand Swahili. do, learn- I did German at school but I'ueforgotten most of it. I'ue been learning Arabic for four years. improve, practise- I spent a month in Rome to improve my Italian. master- I never really mastered Latin. translate sth into- He has translated her latest book into Korean. -class, course, lesson I'm latefor my Russian class. -interpreter, speaker, a speaker of- the needfor Gujarati interpreters a command/knowledge of- He has apoor command of English. in- What is 'apple' in French? He addressed me in his best Portuguese. q See also the note at SUBJECT language noun 1system of communication • ADJ. first, native She grew up in Spain, so herfirst lan- guage is Spanish. I foreign, second How many foreign languages does she speak? 0 the teaching of English as a second language I original Most local cinemas show films in the original language, with German subtitles. I source, target (both technical) I ancient, classical, dead Latin isa dead language. I modern I common,shared I indigenous, local I official Belgium has two official lan- guages. I national Portuguese is the national language of Brazil. I international I minority Some minority lan- guages are dying out. I spoken, written She could speak some Chinese, but never studied the written language. I colloquial, everyday, informal I formal I flowery, liter- ary, poetic I racist, sexist I sign Not all deaf people use sign language. I body, non-verbal You could tellfrom his body language that he was very embarrassed. I legal, technical, etc. I computer, programming • VERB + LANGUAGE speak I understand I use I learn, study I master I be couched in, be expressed in I enrich idiomatic expressions that enrich the language • LANGUAGE + NOUN acquisition, learning new methods of language learning I course, lesson • PREP. in . - His letter was couched in very formal language. • PHRASES command/knowledge/mastery of (a) lan- guage Her command of language is very advanced for a six-year-old. use of language The writer's use of lan- guage reflects the personality of each character. 450 2offensive words • ADJ. bad, crude, foul, obscene, offensive, strong using foul Language • VERB + LANGUAGE use I mind, watch The referee warned theplayers to mind their language. lantern noun • VERB + LANTERN light, shine He shone his lantern into the dark room. I blowout, put out • LANTERN + VERB glow, shine I hang The lantern hungfrom the roof lap noun • ADJ. first, opening I final, last • VERB + LAP complete, do, run • LAP + NOUN record He set a new lap record. • PREP. onthe . <He tripped and fell on thefinal lap. • PHRASES a lap of honour The silver medallist joined the winner in a lap of honour. lap verb • ADV gently, softly • PREP. against The waves lapped gently against the side of the ship. around The water lapped around his ankles. over Thefreezing water lapped over her boots. lapel noun • ADJ. narrow, wide a coat with wide lapels • VERB + LAPEL be pinned to A silver brooch was pinned to her lapel. • LAPEL + NOUN badge, pin • PREP. in the/your- He was wearing a carnation in his lapel. on the/your- ajacket with a badge on the lapel • PHRASES grab sb by the lapels He grabbed her by the lapels and shook her violently. lapse noun 1small error • ADJ. minor I momentary, temporary I sudden I memory, mental I keep suffering these mental lapses. • VERB + LAPSE have, suffer I had a momentary lapse when I couldn't remember his name. • PREP. - in a lapse in attention - of sudden lapses of concentration 2 bad behaviour • ADJ. curious, odd It was an odd lapse for one who is normally so polite. 3 passing of time • ADJ. brief, considerable I time • PHRASES -of after a considerable lapse of time oa time lapse of three months larder noun • ADJ. full, well-stocked I bare, empty I walk-in • VERB + LARDER fill, stock I empty, raid He comes homefrom school and raids the larder. • LARDER + NOUN door, shelf • PREP. in the- There wasn't much.food left in the larder. large adj. • VERBS be, feel, look, seem Some of the clothes looked very large. I become, get, grow By this time his debt had got extremely large. 0 The plant had grown quite large. I remain • ADV. exceptionally, extremely, very I comparatively, fairly, moderately, quite, rather, reasonably, relatively Isn't that jumper rather large? I enough, sufficiently Are you sure the hall will be large enough? I indefinitely, in- finitely The universe is infinitely large. I abnormally, dis- Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. proportionately, surprisingly, unexpectedly, unusually His eyes were abnormally large. laser noun • ADJ. powerful • VERB + LASER use • LASER + NOUN beam, light I printer I gun I surgery, therapy, treatment lash noun • ADJ. bottom, lower I long, thick • VERB + LASH bat, flutter She batted her lashes flirtatiously. I lower She lowered her lashes in sudden embarrassment. • LASH + VERB flicker, flutter Her lashesflickered and I knew she was lying. last verb • ADV. long Your car will last longer if you look after it. I forever, indefinitely Nothing lasts foretier: 0 With care, the vines will last indefinitely. I never Happiness never lasts. • VERB + LAST can/cannot, could (not) The storm could last quite a long time. I will/won't, would (not) The kids are all very enthusiastic, but it won't last-it never does. I be likely/unlikely to I always thought his popular- ity was unlikely to last. I be expected to I seem to The journey seemed to lastforeoer: I be built to This house was built to last. • PREP. for The war lasted for three years. into The cele- brations lasted well into the next week. until The trial is ex- pected to last until the end of the week. • PHRASES while sth lasts Make the most of this feeling while it lasts. late adj. • VERBS be, feel, seem I don't know what the time is, but itfeels quite late. I make sb • ADV. extremely, really, very I a bit, fairly, a little, quite, rather, relatively • PREP. for I'm latefor work. in He took up music late in life. with He was now three weeks late with his rent. • PHRASES an hour, ten minutes, etc. late The train was 45 minutes late. leave it a bit/ratherivery late You've left it a bit late to start your homework, haven't you? Latin noun • ADJ. classical I medieval cc> Note at LANGUAGE latitude noun 1geographical position • ADJ. high, low I northern, southern I polar, temper- ate These birds only survive in temperate latitudes. • VERB + LATITUDE calculate, determine • PHRASES a line of latitude 2freedom • ADJ. considerable, great • QUANT. degree Some degree of latitude is required in interpreting the law on this point. • VERB + LATITUDE allow (sb), give sb • PREP - for This method allows very little latitude for error. - in Nowadays, newspapers are allowed consider- able latitude in criticizing the government. laugh noun 1sound/act of laughing • ADJ. loud I light, little, short, slight, small I low I big, good, great The last joke got the biggest laugh. I belly, booming, hearty I barking, cackling, harsh, husky, throaty I silvery, tinkling I amused, delighted I 451 laughter embarrassed, nervous, shaky I polite I bitter, brittle, cynical, derisive, dry, forced, hollow, humourless, mirthless, mocking, rueful, scornful She forced a humourless laugh. I infectious • VERB + LAUGH give, let out, utter He gave a short, amused laugh. I have I force, manage I enjoy, like He enjoys a good laugh. I get, raise Few of his jokes got a laugh. 0 She got a laugh out of Jack. I hear • LAUGH + VERB escapesbAsmalllaughescapedher. • PREP for a- She dyed her hair green just for a laugh. with a- He left the room with a cynical laugh. I - about/at Weall had a great laugh about it afterwards. • PHRASES be good for a laugh Paul's always goodfor a laugh (= always amusing). have the last laugh We'llhaue the last laugh if she finds out that you're the one who played the trick. a laugh at sb's expense Oh yes, very funny-have your laugh at my expense/the laugh is on sb (= sblooks ridiculous after they havetried to make fun of sbelse) 2sb/sth that is amusing • ADJ. good, real • PHRASES a barrel of laughs, a bit of a laugh, a laugh a minute (= very funny) laugh verb • ADV aloud, loudly, out loud It looked sofunny that I al- most laughed out loud. I gently, lightly, quietly, softly, silently, under your breath I deeply, heartily, a lot, real- Iy, uproariously He laughed heartily at his own joke. I just, merely, simply I thought she would be angry but she just laughed. I almost I briefly, a little, shortly I sud- denly I easily, freely She smiles and laughs easily. I openly, outright I helplessly, uncontrollably I cheer- fully, delightedly, excitedly, happily I hysterically, ner- vously I politely I incredulously, in disbelief I angrily, bitterly, cynically, derisively, grimly, harshly, hollowly, humourlessly, mirthlessly, ruefully, scornfully, sourly, wryly He realized how he had beenfooled, and laughed bit- terly. I together talking and laughing together • VERB + LAUGH have to, want to He looked so funny I just had to laugh. I begin to, start to I try not to I was watching them and trying not to laugh. I make sb He pulled a funny face to make us laugh. I hear sb I heard him suddenly laugh aloud. • PREP. about Tomorrow you'll be able to laugh about this. at The audience laughed at her jokes. with talking and laughing with the children 0 Trent almost laughed with relief • PHRASES burst out laughing, can't/couldn't help/stop laughing She was telling us jokes and we couldn't stop laughing. fall about laughing It was so funny toejust fell about laughing. find yourself laughing He laughed, and she found herself laughing with him. stop laughing laughter noun • ADJ. helpless, hysterical, loud, raucous, wild I heard sounds of raucous laughter upstairs. I delighted, happy I infectious Her infectious laughter had everyone smiling. I nervous I silent, suppressed She was bent over with suppressed laughter. I derisive, mocking • QUANT. bellow, hoot, howl, roar, shriek, snortHegave a sudden bellow of laughter. I fit Everyone dissolved into fits of laughter when they saw my haircut. I gale, peal, ripple His suggestion was greeted with peals of laughter. 0 A ripple of laughter ran round the room. • VERB + LAUGHTER burst into, dissolve into/with, ex- plode with I bellow with, cackle with, hoot with, howl with, roar with, scream with, shriek with, snort with, whoop with, yell with I rock with, shake with Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. launch launch noun • ADJ. official, press, public She is signing copies of her book at the official launch. I successful I imminent I book, campaign, product I balloon, rocket, satellite, shuttle • VERB + LAUNCH get (sth) ready for, prepare (sth) for They are preparing for the launch of the new campaign next month. I announce I mark a big Hollywood event to mark the launch of the movie I coincide with The show is timed to coincide with the launch of a new book on the sub- ject. I attend, go to, speak at I delay, postpone, put off • LAUNCH + NOUN date I party (= for a product or book) I pad, site • PREP. after/following/since the - In the six months since its launch the car has sold extremely well. at a/the - I met her at the launch of her new book. I - for a spring launch for the new TV system laundry noun • ADJ. clean, dirty • QUANT. bundle, pile There was a pile of clean laundry on her bed. • VERB + LAUNDRY do The housekeeper cooks, does the laundry and cleans. • LAUNDRY + NOUN bag, basket I service The hotel offers afree laundry service. lavatory noun • ADJ. public I communal, shared I indoor, inside I outside I flush, flushing • VERB + LAVATORY go to, use I need I flush, flush sth down • LAVATORY + NOUN basin, bowl I seat I cistern I chain I paper I brush • PREP. in the-, on the- law noun 1official rule/rules • ADJ. administrative, case, civil, common, constitu- tional, contract, criminal, international, statute, etc. (see also martial law) • VERB + LAW become Parliament uotedfor the bill to become law. I enforce, uphold It's the job of the police to enforce the law. I obey, observe I break, flout, violate I adopt, enact, pass I annul, repeal I interpret Judges in- terpret this law in different ways. • LAW + VERB allow sth, forbid sth, prohibit sth The lawforbidsgamblingofanykind. I permitsth I require sth The wearing of a crash helmet is required by law. I govern sth the law governing school attendance • LAW + NOUN court I enforcement • PREP. above the- No one is above the law. againstthe- What you did was clearly against the law. by- By law, you are obliged to install smoke alarms in the factory. within the - The company is operating entirely within the law. I -against a local law against keeping horses -concerning the law concerning industrial action ballots - on A law on hunting will cause a lot of disagreements. - relating to the law relating to the sale of goods • PHRASES as the law stands As the law stands, you can get married while still tooyoung to have a driving licence. law and order Martial law was imposed to prevent the breakdown of law and order. the letter of the law In spite of the difficulties it would cause herfamily, thejudge stuck to the letter of the law and jailed her. take the law into your own hands When police failed to arrest the suspect, local people took the law into their own hands and beat him up. 2SUbjectof study/profession • VERB + LAW practise • LAW + NOUN firm q Note at SUBJECT (for more verbs and nouns) 452 lawful adj. • VERBS be I become I consider sth, deem sth • ADY. perfectly This is aperfectly lawful activity. lawn noun • ADJ. manicured, neat, tended a carefully tended lawn I overgrown I back, front • VERB + LAWN cut, mow, trim The lawn really needs mowing. • PHRASES a sweep of lawn The cottage sits on a hill above a sweep of lawn. lawsuit noun • VERB + LAWSUIT bring,fiIe,issueAlawsuithasbeen filed against the company. I be involved in, pursue I drop They have agreed to drop their lawsuit against the Dutch company. I be faced with, face The company now faces several lawsuits over itsfailure toprotect its employ- ees. I defend She plans to defend the lawsuit vigorously. I win I lose I settle The two companies have settled the lawsuit. • PREP. in a/the - They are seeking damages in a lawsuit. I - against a lawsuit against her former husband - over a lawsuit over a disputed estate lawyer noun • ADJ. clever, competent, good, successful I leading, senior I experienced, qualified I practising I academ- ic I defence, prosecuting, prosecution I corporate, government I foreign, international, local I civil, civil rights, commercial, constitutional, criminal, divorce, human rights, libel, personal injury q Note at PROFESSIONAL (for verbs) lay verb • ADV. carefully, gently, tenderly I down He laid the books down on the table. • PREP. on She laid the child tenderly on the bed. over They carefully laid a blanket over the body. PHRASAL VERB lay sth out • ADV. tastefully, well The owners have built a gift shop and a tastefully laid out caravan site. lay-by noun • VERB + LAY-BY pull into • PREP in a/the- Iwas parked in a lay-by, having a nap. layer noun • ADJ. fine, thin Everything was covered with afine layer of dust. I deep, generous, heavy, thick Mulch with agen- erous layer of peat or compost. I bottom, inner, lower, middle, outer, surface, top, upper the upper layers of the earth's atmosphere I double I protective a protective layer of black plastic I ozone holes in the ozone layer • VERB + LAYER form Useenough gravel toform. a layer about 50mm thick. I be covered by/with The body had been covered with a thin layer of soil. • LAYER + NOUN cake • PREP. beneath/under a/the- Beneath the surface layer of the skin are several further layers. in-s The building is constructed in layers. I - of an extra layer of clothing 0 a layer of bureaucracy 0 multiple layers of meaning • PHRASES layer after/on/upon layer The remains lay buried under layer upon layer of black earth. layout noun • ADJ. basic, general Before designing the house we planned the basic layout of the rooms. I physical, spatial Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. I interior, internal I page, text page layout software I road, street laZyadj. • VERBS be, feel I become, get, grow He had grown lazy and.fat, o Wethought we were winning, so wegot lazy. • ADV. extremely, incredibly, really, very I downright I almost His smile was slow, almost lazy. I a bit, pretty, rather lead" /li:d/ noun 1example set by sb's behaviour • ADJ. moral • VERB + LEAD give, take The government should give a lead in tackling racism. I follow • PREP. - in Weshould fclloui their lead in banning chem- ical weapons. 2 position ahead of other people • ADJ. big, clear, comfortable, commanding, good, strong I narrow I overall I early • VERB + LEAD be in, have She has a narrow lead over the other runners. I go into, move into, take They took an early lead. I build up, establish The team has now built up a commanding lead. I hold, maintain I lose I regain They regained the lead with only afeto minutes left toplay. I put sb/sth (back) into I extend, increase Sheffield in- creased their leadjust before half time. I give • PREP in/into the - struggling to stay in the lead I - over This win gives the team a two-point lead over their closest rival. 3 main part in a play, show, etc. • ADJ. romantic I female, male • VERB + LEAD play Her big break came when she was chosen toplay the lead in a Broadway musical. • LEAD + NOUN role I singer I guitar, guitarist 4clue • ADJ. good I new I possible The police are following every possible lead. • VERB + LEAD have I follow, pursue I give • PREP. -on leads on the murderer's identity lead 2 /li:d/ verb 1show the way • ADV. back, on 'Lead on!' saidArnold. • VERB + LEAD help (to) Five people helping to lead a convoy of aid arefeared dead. I allow sb to, let sb Let me lead the way. • PREP. along, down, into, out of, through, to, etc. She led them along a dark corridor toa small room. • PHRASES lead the way You lead the way and we'll follow. 2go to a place • ADV. directly I back, down, up An old track led back through the wood. I nowhere, somewhere (often figura- tive) Often there are discoveries which lead nowhere. • PREP. from, onto The gardens lead directly onto a beach. to apath leading from the village to the old church 3 cause • ADV. normally, usually I inevitably, inexorably Industrialization inevitably led to the expansion of the urban working class. I (almost) certainly, undoubtedly I not necessarily The use of soft drugs does not necessar- ily lead to a progression to hard drugs. I automatically Business success does not automatically lead tofinancial success. I naturally Discussion of a client's tax affairs will lead naturally into consideration of investment options. I directly I indirectly I eventually, ultimately • VERB + LEAD can/could (easily/only), may/might (well), must Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods. <> The carbon tax might well lead to a doubling of prices for fossil fuels. I appear to, seem to I 453 leaf be expected to, be likely to, tend to Worrying about your weight is more likely to lead to comforting yourself with a piece of chocolate. I be bound to • PREP. to the events that led eventually to war lead 3 /led/ noun • ADJ. molten • VERB + LEAD be made of • LEAD + NOUN pipe, piping I paint I shot I poison- ing I content, levels I industry, mine, miner, mining leader noun 1 person who is in charge of sth • ADJ. born, natural I charismatic, effective, good, great, inspiring, inspired, visionary I undisputed I powerful, strong I weak I deputy I former I joint I local, national I opposition, parliamentary, party I Conser- vative, Labour, etc. I military, political, religious, spirit- ual I gang, guerrilla, nationalist, rebel I group, project, squadron, team Discuss any problems with your team leader. I business, church, civic, community, council, government, strike, student, (trade) union, youth Busi- ness leaders have been in talks with the government. I miners', teachers', etc. • VERB + LEADER be appointed, become, be elected I appoint (sb), appoint sb as, choose (sb as), elect (sb), elect sb as, nominate (sb), nominate sb as • PHRASES a leader of the Opposition 2 person/team that is best or in first place • ADJ. undisputed I brand, market, world The company is a world leader in electrical goods. I championship, league, tournament • VERB + LEADER overtake aiming to overtake the market leaders within twoyears • PREP. behind the - ten points behind league leaders Manchester United I - in the undisputed leader in herfield leadership noun • ADJ. clear, effective, firm, outstanding, real, strong He was praised for his firm leadership. I poor, weak I charismatic, dynamic, visionary I hardline I tradition- al I personal I deputy He is standing in the deputy lead- ership election. I collective, joint I local, national, world I Conservative, Labour, etc. I cultural, industrial, intel- lectual, military, moral, political, spiritual Political lead- ership needs aparticular combination of skills. I church, government, parliamentary, party, union • VERB + LEADERSHIP assume, take on/over When Smith died, Blair took over the leadership of the party. I assert her method of asserting personal leadership I exercise, provide, show In the crisis he showed real leadership. • LEADERSHIP + NOUN bid, campaign, challenge I ballot, battle, contest, election, race, struggle I role I structure I style I qualities, skills He lacks leadership qualities. • PREP. under sb's- The school has flourished under the leadership of Mr Buxton. I - from What is really needed is clear leadership from the prime minister. - in Leadership in science now went to the United States. • PHRASES a challenge to sb's leadership She with- stood several challenges to her leadership. a lack of lead- ership, sb's style of leadership leaf noun • ADJ. new, young I autumn, dead, dry, fallen, falling, rotting, rotten The ground was thick with dead leaves. I broad (especially technical), heart-shaped, oval broad leaf plants I green, yellow, etc. I glossy, hairy, lea- thery, mottled, shiny, spiky, variegated I bay, lettuce, oak, tea, etc. Throw the tea leaves on theflotoer bed. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. leaflet • VERB + LEAF have This plant has beautifully varie- gated leaves. I break/burst/come into, grow, produce, put out It was spring and the trees were coming into leaf 0 In the spring the plant began toput out new leaves. I shed Deciduous treesshed their leaves in autumn. • LEAF + VERB appear Spring arrived and the first green leaves began to appear. I turn, yellow The summer was over and the leaves were beginning to turn. I fall I rustle The leaves rustled in the light breeze. • LEAF + NOUN litter, mould the leaf litter on theforest floor • PHRASES in full leaf The corn was already ripening and the trees infull leaf leaflet noun • ADJ. free a free leaflet explaining your tax return I helpful, useful I explanatory, information, instruction I promotional, publicity I campaign, election, party • QUANT. copy • VERB + LEAFLET issue, produce, publish The Health Council issued hundreds of leaflets. I deliver, dis- tribute, give out, hand out, send out Campaigners hand- ed out leaflets to passers by. I enclose I enclose a leaflet about some of the other services we offer. • LEAFLET + VERB advertise sth, explain sth • PREP. in a/the - More details are given in our promo- tional leaflet. league noun 1group of sports clubs that compete with each other • ADJ. cricket, football, etc. They want to start a new football league. I European, northern, etc. I local, na- tional I Sunday He played Sunday League cricket for years. I premier I major, minor major league baseball I super new proposals for a European super league • VERB + LEAGUE create, form, set up, start I join The teamjoined the Northern League last year. I win • LEAGUE + NOUN champions, leaders I champion- ship, cup, title I club, side I player I game, match I table I cricket, football, etc. • PREP. in a/the-e The team is now in the Premier League. • PHRASES at the bottom/top of the league, (come) bottom/top of the league, a position in the league hop- ing to improve their position in the league 2 level of quality, ability, etc. • ADJ. big, super, top, world This move propelled him into thepolitical big league. • PHRASES in a different league Today's technology is in a different league (= very much better), in a league of your own As apainter he is in a league of his own (= much better than others). not in the same league (as . )(= not nearly as good as), out of sb's league A house like that is way out of our league (= too expensive for us). leak noun 1small hole/crack • VERB + LEAK have The boat had a small leak. I spring The pipe has sprung a leak. I plug, stop I man- aged toplug the leak. • PREP. - in a leak in the roof 2when gas/liquid escapes • ADJ. major, serious I minor I slow I fuel, gas, oil, radiation, radioactive • VERB + LEAK cause The dismantling of a nuclear re- processing plant caused a leak of radioactivity yesterday. I detect, discover, find, notice, spot Fortunately. we spot- ted the leak in time. I fix, repair, stop The plumber fixed the leak. I prevent taking steps toprevent gas leaks in the future • LEAK + VERB happen, occur • PREP. - from Pollution inspectors were called to a leak from a chemicalfactory: -of a leak of dangerous chemicals 454 3giving away information • ADJ. security • LEAK + VERB come from sth The leak could only have comefrom one source. • PREP. - about a security leak about a number of suspi- cious deaths among civil servants - from a leak from the prime minister's office - of a leak of confidential material -fo a leak to theAmerican authorities • PHRASES the source of a leak The organization's press secretary is thought to be the source of the leak. leak verb 1allow sth to get out through a hole • ADV. badly The house was old and the roof leaked quite badly. I slightly 2tell sb about sth • ADV. carefully, deliberately I Widely The document had been widely leaked. • PREP. from Confidential information that has been leaked.from the BBC. to The report was leaked to thepress. lean verb • ADV. heavily I lightly I slightly I casually, easily, lazily, nonchalantly I eagerly I earnestly I confidential- ly, confidingly, conspiratorially I weakly, wearily I drunkenly I precariously I close, near He leaned closer, lowering his voice. I across, forward, down, out, over She leant fortoard eagerly to listen to him. I away, back, backwards He leaned back in his chair. I sideways • PREP. across She was leaning confidentially across the table. against She leaned her head against his shoulder. into He leaned into the open doorway. on The old man was leaning heavily on a stick. out of She leaned precariously out of the window. over She leaned casually over the rail- ings. through The taxi driver leaned through his window. towards He leaned towards her. PHRASAL VERB lean on sb/sth • ADV. heavily Britain leans heavily on Europe for trade. leap noun 1bigjump • ADJ. big, giant, prodigious I little I flying, running He made aflying leap at the ball. • VERB + LEAP make, take • PREP. -from,-intoaleapintotheair-to 2great change/increase in sth • ADJ. big, enormous, giant, great, huge, quantum There has been a quantum leap in profits since 1995. I small I bold, dramatic, sudden a dramatic leap in the number of people out of work J imaginative, intuitive I technological • VERB + LEAP make They've made a great leap for- ward with their road building in the lastfeto years. • PREP. -frorn a leapfront $632 to $735 -jn a leap inprices -ofaleapof750% -to • PHRASES a leap forward, by leaps and bounds, come on/improve in leaps and bounds His technique has come on in leaps and bounds this season. leap verb • ADV. almost, nearly He almost leaped down the stairs when he heard who it was. I immediately I suddenly I clear, high She leaped clear of the water. I about, around, back, down, forward, out, up (and down) children leap- ing about with excitement • VERB + LEAP seem to (figurative) The photograph seemed to leap off the page at her. I be about to, be ready to Don't be so nervous-anyone would think I was about to leap on you. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. • PREP. across leaping across the puddles from He leaped down from the ladder and ran over towards her. into, off, on, onto He leaped onto his horse and rode off out of He leaped out of bed when he heard the telephone. over leaping over high fences • PHRASES leap to your feet Rosie immediately leaped to her feet. learn verb 1 gain knowledge/skill • ADV. a lot I learned a lot from my father. I quickly, soon Children learn very quickly. <> They soon learn that bad behaviour is a sure-fire way of getting attention. • VERB + LEARN need to I be eager to, want to He was eager to learn all she could teach him. I have a lot to I'ue got a lot to learn, haven'tI? • PREP. about learning about art from She learned from watching others. through Children learn through play. 2 become aware • VERB + LEARN be astonished to, be astounded to, be intrigued to, be surprised to I was surprised to learn that he was only 24. I be dismayed to, be saddened to • PREP. of Wefirst learned of the problemfrom her school. learner noun • ADJ. quick, slow She was a quick learner, and her Ger- man got better by the day. I advanced, intermediate a book for advanced learners of English I adult, older I young The book has been written with the interests of young learners in mind. I language I foreign • LEARNER + NOUN driver learning noun 1 process of learning sth • ADJ. effective, successful a model for effective learn- ing I rapid I independent I distance (= by correspond- ence course) I early (= the education of very young chil- dren, often through play) I higher institutions of higher learning I active, passive I formal, informal I rote I computer-assisted I language • LEARNING + NOUN curve The whole team has been on a steep learning curve since the project began. I environ- ment The centre aims toprovide a supportive learning en- vironment. I experience, process I difficulty, disability severe learning difficulties • PHRASES a seat of learning 2 knowledge got from reading and studying • ADJ. great I book (old-fashionedy • VERB + LEARNING acquire, gain lease noun • ADJ. long, long-term I short, short-term I ten-year, etc. I business, commercial I building, mining • VERB + LEASE have, hold They'vegota lease toith fiue years to run. I draw up I acquire, buy, enter into, get, negotiate, obtain, sign, take (on/out/up) She has taken outa new ten-year lease on theflat. I grant (sb), sell (sb)A jreeholder may grant a lease of any duration. I renew I forfeit, surrender They moved out and the lease was sur- rendered. I cancel, terminate I take over I transfer • LEASE + VERB run The lease runs from April 19. I take effect I come up for renewal, expire, run out • PREP. in a/the-a new clause in the lease on a-Thecom- pany holds the building on a long lease. under a/the- Under the new lease, the rent would go up. I - of He took a lease of the premises. - on The club has a 20-year lease on theproperty. • PHRASES a clause in a lease, a condition of a lease, the length/period/term of a lease, a provision in a lease, the terms of the lease 455 lecture leather noun • ADJ thick I thin I tough I soft I shiny I worn I genuine, real I imitation, synthetic I calf, chamois, etc. I morocco, patent I shoe • VERB + LEATHER tan I treat The leather has been treated with wax. I polish I be made from/in/(out) of a coat nuuiefrom buffalo leather I bind sth in Each volume is bound in genuine leather. • LEATHER + VERB crack a cracked leather belt • PREP. in - (= made of leather) I'm looking for a pair of boots in dark brown leather. in -s (= wearing leather) a biker in black leathers leave noun 1 period of time when you do not go to work • ADJ. annual I paid, unpaid I extended, indefinite, weekend I compassionate, maternity, parental, pater- nity, sabbatical, sick, study I home, shore • VERB + LEAVE be entitled to, get, have How much an- nual leave do you get? <> I'oe still got some leave left this year. I go on, spend, take, use (up) She spent most of her leave with herfamily. <> Tve still got some leave to use up. I save I'm saving all my leave tohave a long holiday later in the year. I cancel When the war broke out all leave was cancelled. I give sb, grant sb I be due for, be owed I apply for • LEAVE + NOUN entitlement • PREP. on- She's on leave until the end of the month. 2 official permission to do sth • ADJ. special • VERB + LEAVE ask, request He asked leave to absent himself for four days. I give sb, grant sb I obtain I ref- use sb • PREP. by sb's- The appeal can only be brought by leave of the trial judge. with/without sb's-: No application may bemade without the leave of the court. • PHRASES absent without leave, leave of absence, without (so much as) a by your leave (= without asking permission) leave verb • VERB + LEAVE decide to I intend to, plan to, want to I be ready to We were all packed and ready to leave. I be about to, be going to Did you want something? I wasjust about to leave. I threaten to My secretary has threatened to leave. I attempt to, try to They were caught trying to leave the country. I refuse to I be compelled to, be forced to, be obliged to I ask sb to, order sb to They were being extremely rowdy and the manager had to ask them leave. I allow sb to, let sb I wanted to leave but they wouldn't let me. I enable sb to • PREP. for They leftfor Scotland this morning. lecture noun 1 talk given to a group of people • ADJ. fascinating, interesting I boring I formal I il- lustrated I impromptu I guest A two-day event of guest lectures, seminars and workshops. I popular, public I annual I inaugural, introductory Professor Pearsongave the inaugural lecture in the new lecture theatre. I key- note, plenary I memorial • QUANT. course, programme, series • VERB + LECTURE deliver, give, present I hold, put on The society isputting on a series of lectures on the sub- ject next term. I attend, go to, hear I!ormal), listen to I miss, skip I prepare, write • LECTURE + NOUN course, programme, series I hall, room, theatre I notes I tour I circuit a familiar figure on the international lecture circuit • PREP. at a/the- She wasn't at the lecture. during a/the- Thefire bell went during his lecture. in a/the - She referred Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. lecturer to Professor Jones's work in her lecture on Shakespeare's imagery. I - by a lecture by Professor Snow - about/on, - to a lecture to the Darwin Society • PHRASES a lecture entitled sth a lecture entitled 'How to Prevent Food Poisoning' a lecture on the subject of sth 2serious talk to sb about their behaviour • ADJ. little, long I severe, stern • VERB + LECTURE give sb, read sb She read mea stern lecture on ingratitude. I get I got a lecturefrom Dad about coming home on time. I take • PREP. - about/on I don't take lectures from anyone on how to behave. -from lecturer noun • ADJ. principal, senior I assistant, junior I college, university I guest, visiting I English, physics, etc. • PREP. -Jn a lecturer in German at Plymouth University q Note atJOB ledge noun • ADJ. high I narrow, wide I cliff, mountain, window • VERB + LEDGE cling to The climbers were clinging to a ledge hundreds of feet above the sea. I be perched on • LEDGE + VERB go, run A narrow ledge runs across the northernface of the cliff • PREP. along a/the- Ifelt along the ledge at the top of the door. on a/the - The phone was perched precariously on the window ledge. left noun 1side • ADJ. extreme, far My dad's in the front raw, on the ex- treme left of the picture. • VERB + LEFT turn to If you turn to your left you will see the parliament building. • PREP. from the - The car came from the left. on the/your- The bank is on the left, just after the post office. o As you go in the door, you'll see it on your left. on the - of The car park is on the left of the library. to the/your - He looked to the left and then crassed. to the - of My office is just to the left of the main door. • PHRASES from left to right; from right to left Arabic script reads from right to left. 2the left political groups • ADJ. extreme, far • PREP. of the- In recent years the country has been ruled only by governments of the left. on the - They're both on the extreme left of the party. to the - The party has moved further to the left. 0 He is somewhat to the left of the previ- ous leader. leg noun 1part of the body • ADJ. left, right I front I back, hind I long I short, stumpy I beautiful, good, shapely I muscled, muscu- lar, powerful, strong I skinny, spindly, thin I fat I bandy I hairy I bare I artificial, wooden I bad, stiff I broken, fractured I lame, withered He sat down with his lame leg outstretched. I tired She crossed the finish. line on tired legs. I fresh They don't train the day before a match to ensure they hauefresh. legs. I outstretched • VERB + LEG bend I brace He put his back against the car, braced his legs and pushed. I straighten I cross I moved the chair away from the table so I could crass my legs. I splay, spread They made him put his hands on the police car and spread his legs. I extend, stretch (out) She stretched her legs under the table. 0 (figurative) It was good to get out of the car and stretch our legs (= walk about). I lift The dog lifted its leg against the lamp post. I draw up, tuck under She sat with her legs drawn up underneath her. I kick I swing She swung her legs over 456 the side of the bed and reachedfor her crutches. I entwine, tangle They gazed at each other, their legs entwined under the table. I break, injure I amputate She had her leg am- putated below the knee. I shave • LEG + VERB move They ran together, their legs mov- ing in unison. I flail, kick He jumped to avoid the flailing leg of the defender. I pump She started running, fat legs pumping. I bend I buckle, give way His legs buckled and he collapsed on the floor. I shake, tremble I dangle, hang, swing He sat with his legs dangling off the bridge. I ache • LEG + NOUN exercise I muscle I injury, pains, trouble, ulcer, wound I room (also legroom) You don't get much legroom on economy-classflights. • PREP. between the/your -s The dog sloped off its tail between its legs. in the - He was shot in the leg by a sniper. on the/your - I'ue got a big bruise on my leg. on one- Many birds are able to stand on one leg for hours at a time. • PHRASES (have, etc.) your leg in plaster He was wheeled out of the hospital with his leg in plaster. 2of trousers • ADJ. trouser • VERB + LEG pull up, roll up He rolled up his trouser legs. I roll down • PHRASES long/short in the leg These jeans are too long in the leg. 3 of a journey/race • ADJ. first, second, etc. I final, last I anchor The fast- est runner often runs the anchor leg (= the last one) of a relay. I outbound I homeward • PREP. on the . - At last we were on the homeward leg of our journey. legacy noun 1 money/property • ADJ. generous, large I small • VERB + LEGACY bequeath (sb), leave (sb) I get, re- ceive He received a large legacy from his uncle. • PREP. in a/the - She left her the money in a legacy. I -from a legacy from myoid teacher • PHRASES heir to a legacy She is the heir to a legacy of £1 million. 2 result of previous events • ADJ. enduring I historical Theseprablems have arisen as a result of historical legacies. I bitter, grim • VERB + LEGACY bequeath (sb), leave (sb), leave be- hind the enduring legacy bequeathed by the war years • PREP. -from Such attitudes are a legacy from colonial times. legal adj. • VERBS be I become • ADV. completely, perfectly It is perfectly legal to charge extra for these services. legality noun • ADJ. doubtful, dubious • VERB + LEGALITY challenge, question Her lawyer is challenging the legality of the court order. I assert, rec- ognize, uphold The government does not recognize the le- gality of this court. • PHRASES doubt/doubts about the legality of sth legend noun 1well-known story • ADJ. ancient I Greek, Roman, etc. I local • VERB + LEGEND become, pass into The story of how she was rescued has already passed into legend. I tell (sb) He told us the legend of the ghostly horseman. • LEGEND + VERB live on The legend of his supernat- ural origins lives on. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. [...]... outlook on life a love of life He always had a great love Of life a man/woman in your life There has only been one woman in his life see sth of life I wanted to seesomething of life before I settled down the side of life His time in London was his first glimpse of the seamier side of life want sth from/in/out of life They both seem to want the same things out of life 5 way of living good, happy I... in fear for/ of your life Wit· nesses are living in fear for their life after giving evidence against the gang life after death Do you believe in life after death? loss of life The plane crashed with heavy loss of life a matter of life and death (figurative) These talks are a matter of life and death for the factory the right to life anti-abortionists campaigning for the right to life signs of life... leniency touiards first-time offenders I excessive, undue have We have more leisure than our show I appeal for, beg for for She begged for leniency for her son - of the hours, time I activities, interests, • VERB + LENIENCY • PREP parents had + NOUN Each lesson was an hour in length • PHRASES length of time They complained about the inordinate length of time they had to wait 31ength of a swimming pool • VERB... the gallery • PREP in a/the - Names of past members are not included in the list on a1the- I can't see your name on the list I -iof a list of 200 names • PHRASES the bottom/top of a list Variety is near the top of many people's list of job requirements high on a list Safety is high on our list of priorities a list of priorities Phoning the bank is top of my list of priorities today listen verb attentively,... life enjoying the high life in the smartest hotels and restaurants of New York live a life of '" They're living a life of luxury in the Bahamas a/the pace of life The pace of life is much gentler on the island the quality of life He gave up his high-flying job and now enjoys a better quality of life a way of life She loved the Spanish way of life and immediately felt at home there 6 liveliness • VERB +... stories of human giants in Celtic legend and mythology I - about legends about the Vikings - of The story is part of the ancient legend of King Arthur • PHRASES legend has it that Legend has it that the Bridge of Sighs got its name from the cries of prisoners being led across it myths and legends the myths and legends of Mexico the subject of legend The unusual shell has long been the subject of legend... known her all my life at sb's time of life At his time of life he should be starting to take things easy the end of your life Her paintings became more obscure towards the end of her life late in life She discovered jazz quite late in life the of your life I had the fright of my life when I saw the snake in my bed 0 He met the love of his life at college a phase/stage in /of (your) life She sensed she was... pour Empty the liquid into a large bowl I spill I drain (off), pour off, strain (off) Drain off the liquid from the meat into a measuring jug I boil, bring to the boil, simmer I reduce Reduce the liquid by boilingfor two minutes I absorb, • LIQUID + VERB soak up boil, simmer + NOUN refreshment (informal) After two hours of the meeting we stopped for liquid refreshment I soap I waste unprocessed liquid... prisoner has been at liberty for five days I - for demanding greater liberty for women -from liberty from the abuse of police power an infringement threat to liberty • PHRASES of liberty, loss of liberty, a librarian noun professional, qualified I chief, head, senior I assistant I branch, country I academic, public, reference I college, school, university q Note atJOB (for verbs) had his licence taken... silenced him - of He darted her a look of contempt • PHRASES a ,,' look in sb's eyes/on sb's face She had a puzzled look in her eyes 0 He opened the door with a scornful look on hisjace take that ( ) look off your face Take that smug look off your face before I slap you! 4 sb/sth's appearance • ADJ overall the overall look of the house I professional Use high-quality paper to give your CV a more professional . offenders. I excessive, undue • VERB + LENIENCY show I appeal for, beg for • PREP. - for She begged for leniency for her son. - of the undue leniency of. of language is very advanced for a six-year-old. use of language The writer's use of lan- guage reflects the personality of each character. 450 2offensive