CuuDuongThanCong.com ✐ ✐ “Bouvry-Drv-1” — 2014/3/22 — 14:54 — page vi — #6 ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ CuuDuongThanCong.com ✐ ✐ “Bouvry-Drv-1” — 2014/3/22 — 14:54 — page i — #1 ✐ ✐ EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ CuuDuongThanCong.com ✐ ✐ “Bouvry-Drv-1” — 2014/3/22 — 14:54 — page ii — #2 ✐ ✐ ii ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ CuuDuongThanCong.com ✐ ✐ “Bouvry-Drv-1” — 2014/3/22 — 14:54 — page iii — #3 ✐ ✐ EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS Bernabé Dorronsoro University of Luxembourg Patricia Ruiz University of Luxembourg Grégoire Danoy University of Luxembourg Yoann Pigné University of Le Havre Pascal Bouvry University of Luxembourg ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ CuuDuongThanCong.com ✐ ✐ “Bouvry-Drv-1” — 2014/3/22 — 14:54 — page iv — #4 ✐ ✐ Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation You should consult with a professional where appropriate Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Dorronsoro, Bernabe Evolutionary algorithms for mobile ad hoc networks / Bernabé Dorronsoro, Patricia Ruiz, Grégoire Danoy, Yoann Pigné, Pascal Bouvry pages cm – (Nature-inspired computing series) Includes bibliographical references ISBN 978-1-118-34113-1 (hardback) Mobile communication systems Evolutionary computation Genetic algorithms I Title TK6570.M6D65 2014 621.382 1201519625–dc23 2013031419 Printed in the United States of America 10 ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ CuuDuongThanCong.com ✐ ✐ “Bouvry-Drv-1” — 2014/3/22 — 14:54 — page v — #5 ✐ ✐ To our families ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ CuuDuongThanCong.com ✐ ✐ “Bouvry-Drv-1” — 2014/3/22 — 14:54 — page vi — #6 ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ CuuDuongThanCong.com ✐ ✐ “Bouvry-Drv-1” — 2014/3/24 — 12:11 — page vii — #7 ✐ ✐ CONTENTS Preface xiii PART I BASIC CONCEPTS AND LITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks 1.2.1 Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) 1.2.2 Communication Access for Land Mobiles (CALM) 1.2.3 C2C Network Sensor Networks 1.3.1 IEEE 1451 1.3.2 IEEE 802.15.4 1.3.3 ZigBee 1.3.4 6LoWPAN 1.3.5 Bluetooth 1.3.6 Wireless Industrial Automation System Conclusion References INTRODUCTION TO EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS 2.1 2.2 2.3 Optimization Basics Evolutionary Algorithms Basic Components of Evolutionary Algorithms 2.3.1 Representation 2.3.2 Fitness Function 2.3.3 Selection 2.3.4 Crossover 2.3.5 Mutation 2.3.6 Replacement 11 12 13 14 17 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 27 28 29 32 32 32 32 33 34 35 vii ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ CuuDuongThanCong.com ✐ ✐ “Bouvry-Drv-1” — 2014/3/24 — 12:11 — page viii — #8 ✐ viii CONTENTS 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.3.7 Elitism 2.3.8 Stopping Criteria Panmictic Evolutionary Algorithms 2.4.1 Generational EA 2.4.2 Steady-State EA Evolutionary Algorithms with Structured Populations 2.5.1 Cellular EAs 2.5.2 Cooperative Coevolutionary EAs Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms 2.6.1 Basic Concepts in Multi-Objective Optimization 2.6.2 Hierarchical Multi-Objective Problem Optimization 2.6.3 Simultaneous Multi-Objective Problem Optimization Conclusion References SURVEY ON OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS 3.1 3.2 3.3 ✐ Taxonomy of the Optimization Process 3.1.1 Online and Offline Techniques 3.1.2 Using Global or Local Knowledge 3.1.3 Centralized and Decentralized Systems State of the Art 3.2.1 Topology Management 3.2.2 Broadcasting Algorithms 3.2.3 Routing Protocols 3.2.4 Clustering Approaches 3.2.5 Protocol Optimization 3.2.6 Modeling the Mobility of Nodes 3.2.7 Selfish Behaviors 3.2.8 Security Issues 3.2.9 Other Applications Conclusion References MOBILE NETWORKS SIMULATION 4.1 Signal Propagation Modeling 4.1.1 Physical Phenomena 4.1.2 Signal Propagation Models 35 35 36 36 36 36 37 38 39 40 42 43 44 45 49 51 51 52 52 53 53 58 59 63 64 65 66 67 67 68 69 79 80 81 85 ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ CuuDuongThanCong.com ... Grégoire Danoy, Yoann Pigné, Pascal Bouvry pages cm – (Nature-inspired computing series) Includes bibliographical references ISBN 97 8-1 -1 1 8-3 411 3-1 (hardback) Mobile communication systems Evolutionary... “Bouvry-Drv-1” — 2014/3/22 — 14:54 — page v — #5 ✐ ✐ To our families ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ CuuDuongThanCong.com ✐ ✐ “Bouvry-Drv-1” — 2014/3/22 — 14:54 — page vi — #6 ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ CuuDuongThanCong.com ✐ ✐ “Bouvry-Drv-1”...✐ ✐ “Bouvry-Drv-1” — 2014/3/22 — 14:54 — page vi — #6 ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ CuuDuongThanCong.com ✐ ✐ “Bouvry-Drv-1” — 2014/3/22 — 14:54 — page i — #1 ✐ ✐ EVOLUTIONARY