BỘ GIÁO DỤC DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI ĐẠI HỌ HỌC DÂN LẬ LẬP HẢ HẢI PHÒNG -   ISO 9001 : 2008 KHÓA LUẬ LUẬN TỐ TỐT NGHIỆ NGHIỆP  NGÀNH NGOẠ NGOẠI NGỮ  NGỮ   HẢI PHÒNG –  PHÒNG –  2012  2012     HAIPHONG PRIVATE UNIVESITY FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT - GRADUATION PAFER A STUDY ON ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE IDIOMS WHICH CONTAIN WORDS DENOTING TIME By: PHAM THI TUOI Class: NA1202 Supervisor: PHAM THI THU HANG, M.A HAI PHONG - 2012      BỘ GIÁO DỤC DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TẠO TRƯỜ NG NG ĐẠ ĐẠII HỌ HỌC DÂN LẬ LẬP HẢ HẢI PHÒNG Nhiệm vụ đề tài tốt nghiệp Sinh viên: Mã Mã số: Lớ  p: Ngành: Ngành: Tên đề tài:     Nhiệm vụ Nhiệ vụ đề  tài đề tài 1.  Nội dung yêu cầu cần giải nhiệm vụ đề tài tốt nghiệ p ( về lý luận, thực tiễn, số liệu cần tính tốn vẽ) ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   2.  Các số liệu cần thiết để thiết k ế, tính tốn ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   3.  Địa điểm thực tậ p tốt nghiệ p ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………       NG DẪ DẪN Ề TÀI CÁN BỘ BỘ H Ớ NG Người hướ ng ng dẫ dẫn thứ  thứ  nhấ  nhất: Họ và tên: tên: Học hàm, học vị: : Cơ quan công tác: tác:  Nội dung hướ ng ng dẫn: n: Người hướ ng ng dẫ dẫn thứ  thứ  hai:  hai: Họ và tên: tên: Học hàm, học vị: : Cơ quan công tác: tác:  Nội dung hướ ng ng dẫn: n: Đề tài tốt nghiệp đượ c giao ngày tháng năm 2012 Yêu cầu phải hoàn thành xong trước ngày Đã nhận nhiệm vụ ĐTTN tháng năm 2012  Đã giao nhiệm vụ ĐTTN   Người hướ ng ng d ẫ n  Sinh  Si nh vi ên H ải Phòng, hòng, ngày tháng háng năm 2012  NG HIỆ HI ỆU TR  Ở NG GS.TS.NGƯT.Tr ần H ữ u Ngh ị       NG DẪ DẪN PHẦ PH ẦN NHẬ NHẬN XÉT TÓM TẮ TẮT CỦ CỦA CÁN BỘ BỘ H Ớ NG 1.  Tinh thần thần thái độ  độ  sinh viên trình làm đề  đề   tài tố tốt nghiệệp: nghi ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   đề ra 2.  Đánh giá chất lượ ng ng củ khóa luậ luận (so vớ  vớ i nộ nội dung yêu cầu cầu đề ra nhiệ nhiệm vụ vụ  Đ.T T.N mặt mặt lý luậ luận, thự  thự c tiễ tiễn, tính tốn số số  liệu…): liệu…):   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   Cho điểm điểm củ cán bộ hướ ng ng dẫ dẫn (ghi bằ cả số  số và chữ  chữ ): ):  ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………………    H ải ải Phòng, ngày … tháng … năm 2012  Cán bộ hướ ng ng dẫ dẫn (họ tên chữ  ký)  ký)     NHẬ NH ẬN XÉT ÁNH GIÁ CHẤM PHẢ PHẢN BIỆ BIỆN Ề TÀI TỐ TỐT NGHIỆ NGHIỆP CỦA NG Ờ I CHẤ ợng 1. Đ  Đánh giá chất lư ợ  n  g đề tài tốt nghiệ p về các mặt thu thậ p phân tích tài liệu, số liệu ban đầu, giá tr ị lí luận thực tiễn đề tài Cho điểm ngư ờ  ời  chấm phản  biện : :   ( Đ ng số  và  và chữ   )  Đ i  ể m ghi bằ ng  Ngày tháng năm 2012  Ngày chấm phả phản biệ biện  Ngườ i chấ     ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It would not have been possible for me to finish this graduation thesis without help and support from the kind people around me, to only some of whom I can give particular mention here First and foremost, I am indebted to my supervisor, Ms Pham Thi Thu Hang for the continuous support of my thesis, for her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge Throughout my thesis-writing period, she provided encouragement, sound advice, good teaching, good company, and lots of good ideas I would have been lost without her It is difficult to overstate my gratitude to teachers in Foreign Languages Department They build the initial foundation of my knowledge and offer me the opportunity to complete my graduation thesis In my work, I have been blessed with a stimulating and fun environment in which to learn and grow provided by my many friends My sincere thanks go to them for helping me get through the difficult times, and for all the emotional support, entertainment, and caring they th ey provided Last but not least, to my family, I bid them hearty thanks They have  been a solid anchor on which I rely again and again Words cannot express how grateful I am to be in their support and how much this work was enhanced and made easier by them being in mine There are many others I should mention here, people who helped me along the way and provided me support Listing all of them would fill a book itself, so I merely will have to limit myself to a few words: I thank you ALL!  Hai Phong, November 2012 Pham Thi Tuoi     TABLE OF CONTENT PART ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale 1  Aims of the study 2  Scope of the study 2  Design the study 42  PART TWO:ofDEVELOPMENT Chapter 1: THEORETI THEORETICAL CAL BACKGROUND B ACKGROUND 4  Some Related Theoretical definitions 4  1.1 Idioms 1.2 Time 1.3 Idioms which contain Words Denoting Time (IT) Principal features of idioms 6  2.1 Structural Stability 2.2 Semantic Opacity 2.3 Cultural Features Overview of Phrase, Clause and Sentence Structures 9  3.1 Phrase 3.2 Clause 3.3 Sentence 10 12  Chapter 2: METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES Research Design 12  Research Methods 12  Research Procedures 12  Description of the Sample 12  Data Collection 13  Reliability and Validity 13  C hapte hapterr 3:  FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 15  Syntactic Features 15  1.1 IT with Noun Phrase Structure (42) 15 1.2 IT with Verb Phrase Structure (70) 16 1.3 IT with Adjective Phrase Structure S tructure (21) (7E + 14V) 17 1.4 IT with Prepositional Phrase Structure (12) 18     1.5 IT with Adverb Phrase Structure (15) 19 1.6 IT with Sentence Structure (27) 19 1.7 IT with Parallel Structure (16) (3E + 13V) 3V) 20 1.8 Similarities and Differences of Syntactic Features of English and Vietnamese Idioms which contain Words Denoting Time 21 a Si S i mi la larr i ti es  21 b Di D i ffe ff er ences nces  22 Semantic Features 22  2.1 Advice (3E + 13V) 23 2.2 Characteristics (15E + 12V) 23 2.3 Frequency (6E + 3V) 24 2.4 Activities (23E + 25V) 24 2.5 Mood (15E + 5V) 24 2.6 Objects (10E + 4V) 25 2.7 Opinion (9E + 15V) 25 2.8 Physical state (9E + 2V) 25 2.9 Time (20E + 10V) 25 2.10 Weather (3E + 1V) 1V) 26 2.11 Similarities and Differences of Semantic Features of English and Vietnamese Idioms which contain Words Denoting Time 27 a Si S i mi la larr i ti es  27 b Di D i ffe ff er ences nces  28 Difficulties students encounter encount er when learning idioms 29  3.1 Idioms are not literal 29 3.2. It‟s difficult to use idioms correctively  29 3.3 Teaching materials are not much available 29 Some suggested solutions solutions 30  4.1 Learn idioms in context, never in isolation 30 4.2 Create conversations using idioms 30 4.3 Keep an „Idioms‟ diary  30 4.4 Amount: Not Too Many At Once 30     -  Bob's collection of short  stories first saw the light light of day in a privately  printed edition three  years ago 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 From here till next For a great distance; for Tuesday a long time  If you try that again, I'll knock you from here till To get an opportunity to give your opinion on Get/have your day something or to explain in court your actions after they have been criticized Getting on in Becoming old years (My goodness! (An Great day (in the exclamation of morning)! surprise.) Have a face like a wet weekend/have To look very unhappy a face as long as a wet week To experience freedom from one's usual work schedule; to have a very enjoyable time (As Have a field day with children who are released from classes to take part in sports and athletic contests.) Have all the time in the world Have plenty of time She was fiercely next Tuesday determined to get her day in court and the TV interview would give it to her She's getting on in years, but she's healthy Great day in the morning!  I didn't expect to see you here  He's had a face like a wet weekend all day The boss was gone and we had a field day today No one got anything done The air was fresh and clear and everyone had a field day in the park during the lunch hour You don't need to hurry We've got all the time in the world 41     50 51 You‟re enjoying an Have time of your unforgettable, life exhilarating experience that cannot be recreated Have time on your hands/time to kill  I cannot forget this moment, I am really having time of my life We've got a bit of time on Too much time our hands What you want to do?  Rachel: make it snappy! I 52 Haven't got all day Please hurry; I‟m in a hurry haven't got all day Alice:  just take it easy There's no rush Henry: I haven't  got all day  I know what's going on I 53 I wasn‟t born yesterday Experienced; wasn't born knowledgeable in the ways of the world  yesterday Sally knows the  score She wasn't born  yesterday 54 In a coon's age/in In a very long time  How are you? I haven't a month of (The coon is a raccoon.)   seen you in a coon's age Sundays 55 In an age of years 56 57 58 In a long time  Jane hasn't ridden a horse in an age of years When something occurs Two coyotes brazenly in broad daylight, it In broad daylight walked across the lawn in means the event is broad daylight clearly visible If you see things in the cold light of day, you  It was the fact; I saw it in In the cold light of see them as they really the cold light of day day are, not as you might want them to be  In this day and age you In this day and  Now must have computer skills age/(in) this day 42     and time if you want to get a job The February issue of the 59 In years For a very long time magazine is easily its best in years 60 61 62 It'll be a cold day (When something  It'll be a cold day in Hell Hell in hell /It'll be a long day in January Just another day/Just another day's work Know as much about something a s a hog knows happens) Something will never happen or is highly unlikely when the city council agrees on where to build An ordinary or typical event 64 65 To have no knowledge of something Delayed almost too long Living on  borrowed time Following an illness or near-death experience, many people believe they have cheated death Do something faster than you thought 66 Make somebody's day arguing with my teenage  son  for the picnic He knows as much about pies as a hog knows about Sunday Late in the day Make good time  It was just another day of  Don't let Jim make dessert dessert about Sunday 63 that bridge To make someone very happy  Isn't it rather late in the day to say you're sorry?  After Jim was struck by lightning, he felt like he was living on borrowed time We made good time It only took us an hour to get here Go on, tell him you like his jacket It'll make his day!  Mary is as merry as a 67 Merry as the day is long Very happy and carefree cricket whenever she has company come to call The little children are as merry as the day is long 68 Name the day To announce when you  Have you and Chris 43      plan to something named the day yet? important, especially get married  Need something y To require something in Yes, I'm in a hurry! I need 69 it yesterday! esterday a very big hurry 70  Not give anyone the time of day  Mary won't speak to Sally To ignore someone She won't give her the time (usually out of dislike) Not one‟s day A bad day one of those  forgot my glasses - I guess days of day  I missed my train and 71 it's just not my day  My employer is a man of mature years The  professor, a woman of 72 Of mature years Old mature years, is planning to retire at the end of the  school term 73 74 75 On the Spur of the Moment Denotes a spontaneous or sudden undertaking One day/some day In the future One swallow doesn't make a summer Something that you say which means because one good thing has happened, you cannot therefore be certain that more good things will happen and the whole situation will improve 76 One's sunset years One's old age 77 Order of the day Something necessary or  Linda and Louis drove to the beach on the spur of the moment  I'd like to go to Mexico one day Okay, they won their last  game but one swallow doesn't make a summer They're still bottom of the league  Many people in their  sunset years love to travel Warm clothes are the 44     usual at a certain time order of the day when camping in the winter  Amy thought her 78 Different generations or Other times, other eras have different manner customs  grandchildren addressed their friends in startlingly rude terms "But then,"  she reflected, "other times, other manners." 79 Pass the time of day (with someone) To chat or talk informally with someone  I saw Mr Brown in town  yesterday I stopped and  passed the time of day with him  I'm a bit pressed for time at the moment Do you 80 Pressed for time 81 Put years on somebody 82 83 84 Saturday night special Save the day Save (something) for a rainy day Not have much time mind if we have the meeting tomorrow? The breakup of his To make someone look marriage put years on him or feel much older A small, easily obtainable pistol To produce a good result when a bad result was expected To keep an amount of money for a time in the future when it might be needed There was another killing last night with a Saturday night special The team was expected to lose, but Sally made three  points and saved the day She has a couple of thousand pounds kept aside which she's saving  for a rainy day The company agreed the 85 See the light of day To be made available or  be known about ad was an embarrassment and promised it would never again see the light of day 45     86 87 88 89 Seize the day Serve time Spring into action Spring to attention To use an opportunity to Seize the day, young man You may never get the something that you want and not to worry chance to embark on such about the future an adventure again To spend a certain amount of time in jail To suddenly begin moving or doing something To move quickly to assume the military  posture of attention attention  After the felon served his time, he was released from  prison  As soon as the boss came in the door, everyone  sprang into action The recruit sprang to attention  He sprang to his feet and 90 91 92 Springfeet to one's Spring to someone's defe nse Spring up To stand up quickly demanded that the chair recognize him To go quickly to defend someone (Can be against physical or verbal attack.) To appear or develop suddenly; to sprout, as with a seedling  Fred was attacked and  Ralph sprang to his defense The dog's ears sprang up when the refrigerator opened -  I hate to spring this on 93 Spring something on someone -  To surprise someone with something -  Pull a trick on someone  you at the last moment, but I will need some money to travel on -  Let me tell you about the trick I sprang on Sally 94 Sunday best 95 Sunday driver One's best clothing, which one would wear to church A slow and leisurely We are in our Sunday best, ready to go  I'm a Sunday driver, and 46     driver who appears to  I'm sorry I just can't bear to go faster  be sightseeing and enjoying the view, holding up traffic in the  process 96 Take years off (of) someone or something To make someone seem  My exciting vacation took or look younger  years off of me 97 Take your time Not be in any hurry 98 That'll be the day It will never happen Take your time answering the question  A raise in pay? That'll be the day! -  Johnnie knew he was 99 The big time    Of extreme severity It can also mean to reach the top of one‟s  profession  going to be in big-time big-time trouble -  When he landed the  position as vice  president, he knew he had reached the big time 100 The dead of winter 101 The dog days of summer 102 The New York minute 103 The other day Middle of winter, when it is very cold and dark Shouldn‟t go out for vacation in the dead of winter  I hate the dog days of Those hottest, dampest,  summer, I always go to the worst days of a hot summer lake then A very short period of Go on a date with Viggo? time which passes so  I'd that in a New York quickly that we can‟t minute even notice it Recently She phoned me just the Usage notes: also used other day in the forms the other night  and  and the other week    I saw him the other night 47     104 The time is ripe When the time is ripe, it‟s advantageous to undertake plans that have been waiting for awhile 105 There aren't enough hours in the day There are too many things to and not enough time 106 There‟s one born every minute Something that you say about someone who you think has been very stupid Time is ripe, we should  start our plan  I am behind in all my work There aren't enough hours in the day! 'He left a window open and then wondered why he'd been burgled!' 'There's one born every minute, isn't there?' If time is going to 107 Time is money waste, money isn‟t  being made  Remember, time is money,  shouldn‟t waste it   You've got time on your 108 Time is on your side Be young and have  side, so you shouldn't feel  plenty of time time ahead of  pressured into making a you career decision now 109 110 111 112 Time to call it a day It's time to quit for the day  Twilight years The last years before death Up in years/advanced in years/along in years/on in years Year in, year out Old; elderly Year after year; for years  Jane: Well, I'm done Time to call it a day Sue: Yes, let's get out of here  In his twilight years, he became more mellow and  stopped yelling at people  My uncle is up in years and can't hear too well  I seem to have hay fever  year in, year out I never  get over it 48     113 Yesterday wouldn't be too soon Immediately; Right  Mary: Mr Franklin, when away (An answer to the you want this? Fred: question "When you Well, yesterday wouldn't want this?") be too soon 49     APPENDIX 2: LIST OF VIETNAMESE IT Meaning/Equivalent expression in No Vietnamese IT English Every dog has its day/Fortune knocks once Ai giàu ba họ, khó ba đờ i at least at every man's door/One cannot be Ăn bữa hôm lo bữa mai Ăn bữa sáng lo bữa tối Ăn cắ p quen tay ngủ ngày quen mắt Ăn có chừng, chơi có độ  Ăn cỗ đi trướ c, c, lội nướ c theo sau Ăn có giờ , làm có buổi Ăn cơm chúa múa tối ngày Ăn đờ i ở  ki  kiế p 10  theo thờ i Ăn theo thuở , ở  theo Áo bào gặ p ngày hội Áo đơn đợ i hè Áo gấm đêm  Ba lần đo, lần cắt Ba năm chín tháng mườ i ngày 11 12 13 14 15 16 Ba ngày béo bảy ngày gầy 17 Bách niên giai lão always fortunate Live from hand to mouth Make both ends meet Once a thief, always a thief/ Once a liar always a liar Eat at pleasure, drink with measure/ diseases are the interest of pleasures He that comes first to the hill may sit where he will/an early riser is sure to be in luck/the early bird catches the worm Without time off from work, a person  becomes both bored and boring/ boring/ To everything there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven Get paid from somebody and work for them Spend the rest of one‟s life  Manner changes with the time/one must live according to his means Meet with a favorable opportunity Wait for chance to develop Cast pearl before swine Measure thrice and cut once For a very long time Something which does not maintain the stability/change irregularly Live to be a hundred (together) 50     18 19 20 Bảy ngày ba bão biết cứng mềm Buổi đực buổi Buổi tối nghĩ sai, sáng mai nghĩ đúng  21 22 Buồn hoa bí buổi chiều Càng mong lại lâu 23 Chậm mà 24 25 26 Chậm sên  Chẳng chóng chày Chạy đua vớ i thờ i gian Chó dại có mùa, ngườ i dại quanh năm  Chơi xuân kẻo hết xuân đi  Có cơng mài sắt có ngày nên kim Cóc chết ba năm quay đầu về núi Dăm bữa nửa tháng Đầu năm mua muối, cuối năm mua vôi  Để quá khứ trôi vào dĩ vãng  27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Difficulty helps judge one‟s strength  Day on and day off/Not often It‟s always easier to think in the morning/an hour in the morning is worth two in the evening One is bored stiff A watched pot never boils Slow but sure, slow and steady wins the race Crawl along/creep at a snail‟s pace  Sooner or later A race against time An ass will always be an ass/ he who is  born a fool is never cured You are only young once  Nothing is impossible impossible to a willing willing heart/where there‟s a will, there‟s a way  East or west, home is the best To spend from five days to a fortnight Do things which people believe to bring about the luck Let bygones be bygones The problem which is not solved quickly Đêm dài mộng which be much more difficult You can‟t always be lucky/the pot goes too Đi đêm có ngày gặ p ma often to the well but is broken at last Đi trướ c về sau To start earlier but finish later Giàu chiều hơm, khó sớ m Everything can be changed quickly without mai expectation Giữa ban ngày ban mặt Hoa có thờ i gái có In broad daylight Everything is good in its season 51     40 41 42 Khôn ba năm dại giờ   Kiếm củi ba năm thiêu giờ   Kiến tha lâu có ngày đầy tổ  Penny wise and pound foolish A year care, a minute ruin Many a little makes a micelle/little and often fill the purse 43 Lâu ngày dày kén 44 Lâu ngày dâu thành lụa 45 46 47 56 57 58 59 60 Lấy đêm làm ngày  Len chuột ngày Len rắn mùng năm  Lửa gần rơm lâu ngày  bén Mơ ban ngày Mỗi giây dài tựa thiên thu Mỗi thờ i,i, cách Mong đêm mong ngày  Một sớ m chiều Mùa đông tháng giá  Mùa hạ buôn bông, mùa đông buôn quạt Mưa lâu thấm đất  Năm tháng tận  Năm ngày ba tật  Năm mườ i họa  Năm xung tháng hạn 61  Nay đợ i mai trông 62 63 64  Nay gánh mai đội Ngày ba tháng tám Ngày r ộng tháng dài Patience in time, the grass becomes milk With time and patience, the leaf of the mulberry becomes satin Turn night into day To act in a stealthy manner To act in a stealthy manner Straw near fire will catch sooner or later/first make friend, then make love Daydream Every minute seem like a thousand Other time, other manners Wait for long Short time Cold winters Work ineffectively and surely get the failure Small rain lays great dust End of the year Person with many shortcomings Once in a blue moon Bad time for everything Always wait and look forward to something/someone Work busily and hard Some day Have all the time in the world 65 66 Ngủ ngày cày đêm   Nói trước bướ c khơng qua Sleep by day and work by night Do not count your chicken before they are 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 52     67 68 69 70 71  Nói trướ c quên sau Rõ ban ngày  Sáng r ửa ửa cưa, trưa mài đục, tối giục về  Sớm đào tối mận Sớ m ngày hay chướ c 72 Sơng có khúc, ngườ i có lúc 73 Sống lâu lên lão làng 74 Sống chết mai Tháng ba đau máu, tháng sáu đau lưng  75 76 Tháng đợi năm chờ   Thờ i gian chữa lành vết thương  78 Thờ i gian có chờ  đợ i Thua keo trước đượ c keo 79 sau 77 80 Thức đêm mớ i biết đêm dài  81 82 Thức khuya dậy sớ m Tối đêm ba mươi  83 Trâu chậm uống nước đục 84 85 Trướ c có vụng r ồi sau mớ i khéo Trước sau hatched/do not boast until you see the enemy dead Have a memory/mind like a sieve As clear as the day To dawdle in one‟s job  Be flirtatious Better early than late A flow will have an ebb/there is a crook in the lot of everyone An old fox not easily snared/ With age comes wisdom One cannot predict the future Be unhealthy Wait and look forward to someone/something for long time Time is the great healer Time and tide waits for no man Better luck next time Judge not of man and things at first sight/you never know anyone till you‟ve eaten a peck of salt with him Work hard It is pitch-dark/As dark as midnight Better early than late/ he who sleeps catches no fish It is the first step that is troublesome Always the same 53     88 Ủ rũ diều hâu tháng chạ p Việc hôm chớ  để ngày mai Xuân bất tái lai  Never put off till till tomorrow what you you can today/there is no time like the present One‟s spring time never returns  89 90 Xuân thu nhị k ỳ  Yên giấc ngàn thu The ordinary thing which happens as usual Be dead and buried 86 87 Be unhappy 54     REFERENCES 1.  Hoang Van Hanh (2002) -  Ke Chuyen Thanh Ngu, Ng u, Tuc Ngu, Khoa hoc xa hoi Publisher, Hanoi 2.  Jack Richards & Richard W Schmidt (2011) - Longman Dictionary of  Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, Longman Publisher, London 3.  Jenifer Seidl and W.Mc Mordie (1978) -  English Idiom and How to Use, Oxford University Press, New York 4.  Le Thi Thanh Tra (2010) -  A Study on English Food-Related Idioms and Proverbs and Equivalents in Vietnamese , Hai Phong Private University, Hai Phong 5.  Makkai (1972) - Idiom structure in English, Mouton publisher, Berlin 6.  Ngo Thi Nho (2012) -  An investigation into Idioms containing words denoting kitchen utensils in English and Vietnamese , Da Nang Foreign Language University, Da Nang.  7.  Nguyen Lan (1989)  – T  T ừ  ừ   điể n thành ng ữ  ữ   t ục ng ữ  ữ   Việt Nam, Van Hoa Publisher, Hanoi, ữ   Tiế ng ng Việt , Khoa 8.  Nguyen Luc, Luong Van Dang (1978)- Thành ng ữ  hoc xa hoi Publisher, Hanoi 9.  Pham Vu Lua Ha (1996) -  Mastering English Idioms  -  H ọc ọc anh văn bằ ng ng thành ng ữ  ữ,  Tre Publisher, Ho Chi Minh 10. Seidl Seidl & Mordie(1992) - Oxford Pocket English Idioms, Oxford University Press, New York 11. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time 12. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clause en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clause 13  http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiom 13 http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiom 14. www.wordnik.com/words/clause www.wordnik.com/words/clause 55 ... differences and other facts My graduation thesis namely ? ?A study on English and Vietnamese idioms which contain words denoting time? ?? involves the contrastive study of the syntactic and semantic features... Moreover studying idioms which contain words denoting time is a part of language learning and it can help learners use language more naturally and effectively I am interested in the way English and Vietnamese. .. of English and Vietnamese idioms which contain words denoting time -? ? A study on English and Vietnamese idioms denoting time 35     No APPENDIX 1: LIST OF ENGLISH IT English IT Meaning Example