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Bài viết trình bày tổng quan những nỗ lực của thế giới trong cuộc chiến biến đổi khí hậu qua 19 hội nghị từ sau khi các nước ký kết Công ước khung của Liên Hợp Quốc về biến đổi khí hậu; sự tham gia tích cực của Việt Nam trong thực hiện những cam kết quốc tế về hạn chế khí thải gây hiệu ứng nhà kính.
NO LlTC CHONG BIEN DOI KHI HAU CUA THE GIQfl VA Stf THAM GIA CUA VIET NAM THS D O A N HAI Y E N C N LY Q U Y N H ANH Ban Tdng hgp Trung tdm Thdng tin vd Dg bdo kinh td - xd hgi qudc gia Email: hympi@yahoo.com M d dau Bien d d i khf hau la va'n de ciia Climate change is a global issue and an issue of national security sU phat t r i e n , la thach thtic ldn Coping with climate change is both urgent and strategic mission nha't d d i vdi mue tieu phat trien Vietnam Is considered ds one of the countries most affected by climdle ben change, its consequence is serious, negatively affecting hunger allevi- ChUdng t r i n h m o i trudng Lien Hop vOng Ngay 25/10/2007, ation and poverty reduction efforts as well os prospects of achieving Q u d c (UNEP) edng bd "Bao cao MDGs and national sustainable development Therefore, in 2014, it is v i § n c a n h m d i trudng toan cau" required to effectively implement national target programs lo respond \ dupe coi la tai lieu tdng quan ve lo climdle change and to actively and initKilively pdrticipdie in inter- b i e n d d i k h i hau, nguon nUdc va national efforts to protect Earth's air quality da d a n g sinh hpc tren Trai dat, da dUa Idi c i n h bao: "Sif tan ptia tai nguyen t h i e n nhien mot cacli Td khda: Bien ddi h g u , c a t gidm nha kfnh; COP cd he t h d n g da tdi ngUdng, khJ Tom tat nang sdng cdn cua eae nen kinii Mpt nhtfng sU kien khoa hpc ndi bat nha't tren the gidi te bj t h a c h thtic nghiem trpng " n a m 2013 la ndng dp nha kfnh quyen dat mUe cao ky Mdi luc, vUdt mdc 400 p p m (gidi han an todn tdi da cho phep la 350 p p m ) n g h i e m trpng, Trai dat dang bj tan trudng dang bj huy hoai T h a i Binh pha mpt nang ne Nong dp DUdng da phai dd'i mat vdi edn bao Hayan khiing khie'p nha't ljch CO2 khf quyen cao ky luc la su' Trong mpt n h i i n g sU kien khoa hpc Cung n a m , nhieu qudc gia khu vUc chau A bdi canh d d , cupc hpp lan thU 19 (C0P19) cua cae Ben t h a m gia Cdng Udc khung ciia Lien H d p Qud'c ve Bien ddi khf hau td ndi bat nha't nSm 2013: ehUe tai Vac-sa-va (Ba Lan) thang 11/2013 dUde coi la mpt tia hy Trong t h a n g 5/2013, ndng dp v p n g mdi cho viec giai quyet cac va'n de ve mdi trUdng va bien ddi khf CO2 dUde quyen ciia hau Trai da't da dat de'n ngUdng k^ M u c dfch eiia bai viet la tdng quan nhiJng no life eiia the gidi luc, lan dau tien Ijch sul cupc chie'n bien ddi hau qua 19 hdi nghj (COP) tif sau cac loai nUde ky ket Cdng Udc khung ciia Lien Hdp Qud'c ve bien ddi khf hau (parts per m i l l i o n ngUdi vUdt mdc 400 ppm it thang phan trieu) (1992) de'n Ddng t h d i , bai viet cung de cap de'n sU t h a m gia tich Ch? sau, thang cUc ciia Viet N a m viee thUc hien nhOng cam ket qudc te ve han / , U y ban lien ehfnh phii ve che khf t h i i gay hieu Ung nha kinh - dUdc cho la nguyen nhan sau xa b i e n d d i k h i hau (IPCC) - cd quan dSn tdi cae hien tUdng thdi tie't cUc doan n h u han han, lu lut, nUde b i e n qudc te d a n h gia tac ddng moi dang t r u d n g , da c h i rang tac dpng 70 THONG TIN & DU BAD KINH TE - XA HOI SO 96+97 (1.2014) jm^GXUJ[JVGlJPJVG02014 cua ngudi tdi he thdng khf hau la ro rang hdn bao gid het Hien 95% c h i c c h i n rang ngUdi la nguyen nhan khie'n hau trai da't ndng len Theo mpt so' ket q u i nghien ciiu, vdi dien bien nhU hien thi den nam 2047, nhiet dp eua phin Idn eae khu vUe tren Trai da't se vUdt qua "ngUdng bien ddi hau" (miic hau khac nghiet nha't tUng dUde ghi nhan vdng 150 nam) va den nam 2069, lUdng khf thdi gay hieu Ung nha kinh tU eae hoat dpng ddt chay nhien lieu hda thach se tri d mUc dn djnh Ndng dp khf CO2 quyen se tang tii 400 ppm len 936 ppm vao nam 2100, khien nhiet dp Trai da't tang trung binh 3,7°C the ky Trong dd, neu mUe dp phat t h i i gay hieu Ung nha kinh cham lai, thi thdi diem x i y sU bien ddi hau ndi tren cd the la vao nam 2067, ndng dp CO2 quyen se d miic 538 ppm vao nam 2100 va nhiet dp Trai da't tang trung binh khoang 1,8°C, chua tinh den mUc tang 0,7°C tif eupe Cach mang cdng nghiep d i l n vao nam 2000 NgUdi ta cung sdm nhan dUdc hau qua tat yeu cua viec phat trien ndng ma khdng quan tam tdi mdi trUdng Hang logt cac cuoc hpi dam, dd'i thoai ca'p cao, da phUdng giuTa eae qud'c gia thap nien 90 eda the id/ XX eho den Tuy nhien, "be tac" la tinh trang thudng tha'y va ludn deo dudi eae hdi nghj Cac cupc hpp ve tinh trang bien ddi khf hgu ludn gap khd khan viec tim kiem sU ddng thuan giUa eae qud'c gia phat trien va eae qudc gia dang phat trien tren the gidi, dd, lUpng khf thai gay hieu Ung nha kinh dang cang tang len Trd ngai chfnh eae cudc dam phan xua't phat tif ldi fch kinh te eiia cae ben tham gia Cae nha lanh dao ludn rat can trpng va'n de thue cac bon va cat g i i m nha kfnh TrUdc tinh hinh dd, cude hpp lan thU 19 (COPl 9) eiia cac Ben tham gia Cdng Udc khung eiia Lien Hdp Qudc ve Bien ddi khf hau tai Vaesa-va (Ba Lan) thang 11/2013 dUde coi la mpt tia hy vpng mdi eho viec g i i i quyet cae va'n de ve mdi trUdng va bien ddi khf hau Ndi dung ciia COPl lan dupe danh gia la dae biet quan trpng bdi nam 2013 la mdc khdi diem eho viee thifc hien Nghi djnh thU Kyoto giai doan 11 Ben canh dd, day edn la nam thti hai eae nUde bUde vao thio luan Khudn khd phap ly toan cau mdi dupe khdi xUdng tai COPl d Nam Phi nam 2011, dU kien se xong tai C0P21 d Pari nam 2015 - thdi diem ma ehfnh phii eac nUdc se p h i i nha't trf ve mdt thda thuan toan eau bat budc thay the Nghj djnh thu Kyoto ve bien ddi khf hau nham han che hien tUpng Trai Da't ndng len Bdi canh dien Hpi nghj COPl 3.1 Cdng adc khung cua Lien Hgp Qudc ve Bien ddi hau (UNFCCC) va Hgi nghi thudng nien cua cic ben tham gia Cdng Udc (COP) Cdng Ude khung eiia Lien Hdp Qud'c ve bien ddi khf hau la luat qudc te chinh dieu ehinh eae va'n de bien ddi hau, dUde ky ket thang 6/1992 tai Hdi nghj Phat trien va Mdi trUdng Lien Hpp Qud'c tai Rio de Janeiro (Braxin) va cd hieu life tU thang 3/1994 Muc tieu eudi cimg cua Cdng Udc la dn djnh ndng dp nha kinh quyen d mUe an toan De dat dUde muc tieu nay, ta't ci eac nude tham gia phai ed cam ket chung ve nhufng hanh ddng chdng lai sU bien ddi khf hau, dieu ehinh theo dieu kien eda ttfng qud'c gia nham trien khai thUc hien Cdng Ude Cdng Ude chia cae nUdc tham gia theo nhdm: - Cae ben Phu lue 1: bao gdm eae nude edng nghiep, nhOng nUde ve mat Ijch sii dUde coi la cd nhieu eac hoat dpng gay sU bien ddi khf hSu nhU: 6xtraylia, Phap, DUe, Anh, Hoa Ky, - Cae ben ngoai Phu luc I chii yeu bao gom cac nUdc dang phat trien nhU: Viet Nam, Achentina, Dambia, Uganda, Tonga, tren the gidi ve nhUng vS'n de nhU Hdi nghj eac ben tham gia (COP) dUde d i l n thudng nien la eupe d n h i l m mdi trUdng, tinh hinh hpp quan trpng nha't eda UNFCCC Dai dien ciia ta't ci cac nUde bien ddi hau se d i l n nhu vien (thudng la cae Bp trUdng Mdi trUdng) cimg tham gia qua trinh the nao, tac dpng tdi eon ngUdi thUdng t h i o ve cac va'n de mdi trUdng va cam ket thUc hien eac quyet sao, da lien tuc dUde td chiic tif djnh dUdc dUa Tif nam 1995 de'n nay, COP da d i l n 19 lan d cae sa' 96+97 (1.2014) THONG TIN & DU BAD KINH TE - XA HQI 71 phd thupc cac qudc gia khac Ndi dung xuyen sudt cac ky COP ludn thd'ng nha't vdi mue tieu eua Cdng Udc khung eiia Lien Hdp Qudc ve Bien ddi hau, dd la nham "dn djnh ndng nha kinh quyen d mdc an toan" Cac cupc thio luan xoay quanh mdt sd va'n de then chdt nhU: thUdng mai eae bon, Nghj djnh thU Kyoto (ket qua eua C0P3 tai Nhat Ban nam 1995, vdi rang bude phap ly ve eat giim phat t h i i cho 37 nUdc phat trien va eae nUdc cd nen kinh te chuyen ddi va cd hieu lUc ke tU nam 2005), hiep Ude mdi trUdng mdi thay the eho Nghj djnh thU Kyoto, 3.2 Bit ddng quan diem COPl9: cam ket hay ddng gdp Hpi nghj lan thU 19 cac Ben tham gia Cdng Ude khung ciia Lien Hdp Qudc ve Bien ddi hau (COPl 9) va Hpi nghj lan thU eac Ben tham gia Nghj djnh thU Kyoto (CMP9) da diln tai thu Vac-sa-va (Ba Lan) tif 11-23/11/2013 D i l n ehi it sau sieu bao Haiyan - mot nhUng cdn bao manh nha't tU trUdc de'n tan pha nghiem trpng mien Trung Philippin, Hdi nghj lan da dat yeu eau ca'p thie't la can p h i i hanh dpng de ddi phd vdi tinh trang bien ddi hau Day la nguyen nhan gdc r l - theo eac nghien cUu khoa hpc gan day, dSn de'n cac hien tUdng thdi tie't cUe doan nhu bao lii, han han Trong thdi gian hdi nghj, TrUdng doan dam phan ciia Philippin - dng Naderev Yeb Sao va nhieu nha hoat ddng mdi trUdng de'n tU cae qud'c gia khae nhU: Xri Lanea, Ukraina, Ba Lan, An Dp va My tham gia hpi nghj cung tuyen bd tuyet thUe de iing hd Philippin keu gpi cpng ddng the gidi phii cd hanh ddng quyet liet nham ngan chan tinh trang bien ddi hau dang d i l n cang khde liet, ddng thdi nham hd'i thiic cae nUde tham gia hpi nghj dat dUde mpt thda thuan cd y nghia Hinh 1: Hdi nghj C0P19 tai Vac-sa-va, Ba Lan 72 THQNG TIN SDU BAD KINH TE-XA HQI So 96+97 (1.2014) Cac cude dam phan tai COPl9 da suyt dd vd neu khdng dupc keo dai them mpt va hpi nghj lan da chi ed dupe budc tien d "phut 89" eae nha dam phan quyet djnh thay ddi cum ttf "cam ket" (commitments) "ddng gop" (contributions) Trung Qud'c va An Dp cho rang, sif thay ddi ve mat tU ngU giiip ho co the md rpng pham vi hdn de xua't cae mue tieu cat giim phat t h i i Ban dau, Trung Qudc va An Dp khang khang cho rang cac qudc gia giau hdn can phii ap dung cae muc tieu nghiem ngat hdn, cae nUde phUdng Tay hy vpng eae nen kinh te mfii ndi thUe hien nhiem vu ciia minh de g i i m d nhilm toan eau NhOng ket qua chinh cua hpi nghj COPl 4.1 NhQng ket qua dat dugc Cac Ben da thdng nhi't difclc mdt so du t h i o quyet djnh ve cac yeu td ed b i n eua Thda thuan n i m 2015 nhUng mdi edn sd lifdc va mang tinh nguyen tac ban dau Cae nude phat trien cting chiia dUa cae cam ket ddng gdp tai chinh rd rang, minh bach cho thdi ky 2013-2020 NhU vay, Thoa thuan 2015 se la thda thuan dau tien mang tfnh trdi budc ve vi$c eat g i i m lUdng khf t h i i tif viec sii dung than da, gas va khf ddt Mac du ehi la mpt thda thuan kha khiem tdn, song eung cd the coi 1^ su den dap phan nao cho nhOng no lUc tuyet thifc cua trUdng doan dam phan Philippin - tac gii ciia bai phat bieu chan ddng phien khai mac COPl 11/11/2013 Mi^GXUJjVGlJPJVG020I4 Hdi nghj da dat dUdc sU nha't tri rang ta't e i eic nUde, ehU khdng rifing nhOfng nude giau, se ed "nhiing ddng gdp rieng" nham gdp phan eat g i i m t h i i CO2 Cae nude p h i i dUa ke hoach cat g i i m t h i i ciia minh vao quy 1/2015 de chuan bj cho vi§c ky ket thda thugn v i o cudi nSm dd tgi Hpi nghj Pari (Phap) Day se la thda thuSn dau tien rang bude ta't e i cac qudc gia n h i m hgn che lUdng t h i i doe hgi t h i i bau quyen Trai da't Ben canh dd, Hdi nghj lan nha't tri thie't lap mpt ed che giiip eae nUde d l bj tdn hgi vi nhufng hien tUdng thdi tiet ciic doan bien ddi hgu gay Mpt g i i i phap eu the ma Hpi nghj lan dgt dupe la mdt thda thuan ve c i c quy tac b i o ve va tri eae khu rUng nhiet ddi la phdi ciia tU nhien Ket q u i m i COPl dgt dUpe, xet cho cimg eh? l i sii nhUdng bp ciia cac nUdc dang phat trien, m i hp da tif bd yeu cau ban dau rang chi cac nUde phat trien mdi p h i i dat muc tieu c i t g i i m t h i i Trong sudt thdi gian dam phan, eic nUde dang phat trien va phat trien ludn ba't ddng siu sac ve trach nhiem cat g i i m t h i i , cac nude p h i t trien khdng nhang khdng cd hanh dpng mgnh me hdn cat g i i m t h i i , m i tham chi: kinh tU 25% xudng chi cdn 3,8% tU tdi n i m 2020 vdi ly phai ddng cL^a eac Id phan Ung hgt nhan va chuyen sang sif dung nhien lieu hda thgeh sau cae t h i m hpa dpng da't v i sdng than; - 6xtraylia tham chi khdng cii dgi bieu ca'p bd trUdng tdi hdi nghj va cd the se muc tieu g i i m lUdng t h i i mdt chinh phu bio thii chuan bj len nam quyin; - Cdn Canada riit lui hoan toin khdi Nghj djnh thU Kyoto, vdn quy djnh cie n l n kinh te phat trien se mUe phat t h i i CO2 xudng dudi mUe nam 1990 Hdi nghj eung da thdng qua eac quyet djnh trpng yeu ve viee tiep tuc thUe hien Durban Platform, Quy hau xanh va tai ehfnh dai han, Khung thUe hien REDD-I-, Vic-sa-va ed che qudc te ve thiet hai va cae quyet djnh khae Vi du, vao ngdy 21/11/2013, sing kien cinh quan lam nghiep b i n vting thupc Quy BioCarbon Ngan hang Qud'c te (WB) quin ly d i chinh thUe mat vdi tdng so vdn cam ket ban dau la 280 trieu USD (trong dd Na Uy ddng gdp 135 trieu USD, Anh 120 trieu USD va My 25 trieu USD) Mue tieu eiia sang kien la nham chi t r i eho ket q u i giim phit t h i i nha kinh i p dung cae bien phip, md hinh bio ve, phat trien rUng v i sif dung da't b i n vUng theo each tiep can cinh quan (Landscape) Hdi nghj l l n n i y , ve cd b i n da bUde dau dgt nen mdng cho eae cudc dam phan tiep theo se dien vao nam 2014 tgi Lima (Peru) va tgi Paris (Phip) n i m 2015, nham ehd'ng lai tinh trgng Trai Dat dang ndng dan len Ket q u i ciia COPl ciing gdp phan t h i o gd be tac giUa eae nUde p h i t trien v i c i c nUde dang phit trien ve vi'n d l chia s i trich nhiem vi$c hgn che t h i i gay hieu iing nha kinh, vd'n dUdc cho la nguyen nhan gdc r l d i n de'n c i c hien tUdng thdi tie't eifc doan nhU hgn ban, lu lut, nUde bien ding Viec chuyen giao edng nghe than thien vdi hgu tif nhQng nUde nam edng nghe (thudng la eae qud'c gia p h i t trien) sang nhUng nUdc can cdng ngh$ (thUdng la c i e qudc gia dang phat trien) v i n edn gap p h i i rao c i n ve quyen sd hOTu tri tue, lam cho gia cua cdng nghe mdi ra't eao, khdng phii hpp vdi k h i nang eua eac nude ngheo Tgi Hdi nghj, e i c nude dang phat trien ddi hdi p h i i xoa bd mpi rao ein ve quyen sd hiJu tri tu$ ddi vdi eac edng ngh§ than thi^n vdi khf hgu - day la d i l u ma c i c nUde phat trien khdng mudn thUc hien 4.2: Nhiing han che cua Hgi nghj De dd'i phd vdi bien ddi khf h i u , tai ehinh la dieu kien tien quyet cho mpi nd lUc, d i e biet la trUdc tinh hinh hien nay, moi nam loai Cac nUdc nhU: Oxtriylia, Nhat B i n va Canada deu da muc tieu ehd'ng bien ddi ve eon ngUdi va tai sin c i c hogt dpng thien tai - i n h hudng triie tiep hgu; bdi bien ddi hau gay Tuy nhien, va'n de hd trd tai ehfnh eho cac ngUdi deu p h i i dd'i mat vdi nhiing tdn that va thiet hai vd cimg to Idn Nhat B i n se mue tieu nUdc dang p h i t trien, dae biet la eac nUde ngheo eupe chie'n g i i m khf t h i i gay hi^u ufng n h i chdng bien ddi khf hgu lai dang la mdt nhOng va'n de gay tranh sa' 96+97 (1.2014) THONG TIN & DU B A D KINH TE - XA HQI 73 cai gay gat nhat nhilu hdi nghj eung nhU cic cudc d i m phan gan day Ddi vdi nhieu nUde ngheo, sU tan p h i eiia thien tai dgt yeu cau ca'p thiet p h i i tang cUdng hd trd tai chinh de bii dap nhUng thiet hgi dj) thien tai gay Theo WB, thiet hai ddi vdi kinh tetoan c l u thdi tiet cue doan gay da tang len g i n 200 ty- USD mdi nam mdt thgp k^ qua va dif bao se edn tang hdn nOa tinh trang bien ddi hgu cing d i l n bien xiu Rd net nh^t va chan thUe nha't la trUde them COPl 9, mdt logt eac qudc gia khu vUc chau A - Thai Binh DUdng d i p h i i ddi mat vdi edn bao Hayan khiing khiep nha't Ijch siif Theo thdng ke chUa d i y dii, rieng tgi Philippin, edn bao da lam hdn 5.000 ngUdi chet, hdn 23.000 ngUdi bj thUdng va gin 2.000 ngUdi ma't tich, thiet hgi ve kinh te Udc tinh khoing 14 t^ USD (theo ngudn tin ciia AFP) Tgi cae eupe d i m phan hdm 20/11/2013 d Vac-sa-va, nhieu nUdc dang phat trien cao budc cac nUde giiu khdng the hien thien ehi viec t h i o luan ve hd trd t i i chinh, hoac va'n d l bu dap nhOng thiet hgi bien ddi hau gay ddi vdi cae nUde ngheo Cae nUdc dang phat trien mong mudn eae nUde edng nghiep giU cam ket ma hp dUa nam 2009 ve viee se tang tien tai trd len 100 ty USD mdi nam cho den nam 2020 n h i m giiip eac nude dang phat trien Ung phd vdi tinh trgng bien ddi hgu Tuy nhien, cae nUde phat trien da khdng dUa bat ky cam ket nao ve viec vien trd cho cae nUde ngheo cudc chien ehdng bien ddi hau Hoa Ky v i nhieu nude p h i t trien khic eung tuf chdi thdng bio ke hosich eu the lam the nao de tang s6 t i l n vien trd cho eac nude dang p h i t trien len mUe 100 t^ USD/nam cho tdi nam 2020 Tai e i c cude dam phan, Nhat B i n cam ket t i i trd 16 t^ USD nam tdi, edn Na Uy, Anh va Hoa Ky eung cam ket ddng gop 280 trieu USD de tri phat trien rtfng Tuy vay cho den nay, nhufng cam ket ciia c i c nudc phat trien mdi chi dUng Igi d Idi noi va hp chUa dUa each thUe vien tro giiip eae nUde dang phat trien, nha't la c i e nUde ngheo Mdt nghien ciiu mdi day cho tha'y, the gidi dang chiing kien sif thut lili nd life ban che sil a'm ndng toan cau sU thay doi chinh sach ve cat giim thii ttl mpt sd nUde nhu Nhgt Bin hay Oxtriylia Theo nghien ciiu cua Vien Nghien eUu Potsdam ve inh hudng ciia bien ddi hau va H i n g Tu van Ecofys eiia Phan Lan, quyet djnh mdi day ciia Nhat B i n v l viee hg thi'p muc tieu cat g i i m t h i i gay hieu ting nhJ kinh vao nSm 2020 khie'n cho the gidi khd dgt muc tieu giuf nhiet t r i i da't tang trung binh d mile dudi 2°C Si/ tham gia cua Vi?t Nam no li/c ehd'ng bien ddi h^u 5.1 Anh hifdng cua bidn doi hiu den Viet Nam Hinh 2: Cinh tUdng tang thUdng d Tacloban (Philippin) sau can bao Hayan 74 THONG TIN & DU BAD KINH Tt - XA HQI So 96+97 (1.2014) Theo du b i o eiia cic chuyen gia tren the gidi, Viet Nam la mpt qud'c gia bj inh hiidng nang ne nha't eua bien ddi hau Hau q u i ciia bien ddi hau ddi vdi Viet Nam la nghiem Ml^GXUAjVGIjiPJVG02014 f o n g , nguy cd hien hOu t i e dpng den mue tieu xoa ddi g i i m ngheo, thUe hien eae muc tieu thien nien ky va phat trien ben vOng cua da't nUdc Mpt nghien eUu mdi cdng bd ciia Vien Nghien eUu Q u i n ly Kinh te Trung Udng (Bp Ke hoach v i Dau tu) eho biet, CDP eua Viet Nam ed the g i i m tdi 2,5% bien ddi hau Cac ITnh vUe/nganh d l bj tdn thUdng va chju t i e ddng mgnh me nha't eiia bien ddi hgu la tai nguyen nude, sUe khoe ngUdi, ndng nghiep, an ninh lUdng thUe v i da dgng sinh hpc Bien ddi hgu i n h hUdng tnic tiep va giin tiep de'n nguon tai nguyen nUdc: ngudn nUdc mat khan hiem mua khd gay hgn han va qua dU thUa miia mUa gay lu lut; ngudn nUde ngam bj suy giim d i n den can kiet khai thac q u i mUe va thie'u ngudn bd sung Nganh ndng nghiep eung se chju i n h hUdng trUc tiep ctia bien ddi hgu: Do nhiet dp tang eao, viing trdng cay nhiet ddi ed xu hudng di chuyen ve phia Ble; vimg trdng cay dn ddi cd xu hUdng g i i m ve dien tieh Hgn ban va Iti lut eung gdp phan i n h hUdng de'n dien tieh canh t i e Nganh lam nghiep bj i n h hUdng dien tfch rUng nggp man bj thu hep bdi nude bien dang Da dgng sinh hoc g i i m cae loai kem chju hgn h i n , nggp lut cd xu hudng bj tuy^t chung, cac loai CO k h i nSng chdng chju han han, lu lut se phat trien Ben canh dd, ngn chay rifng va sau b$nh se i n h hudng de'n nganh lam nghiep Ve mat sUc khde ngUdi, mdi nguy hiem tif djch benh se tang len nhiet dp eao tgo mdi trUdng thuan ldi hdn cho sii phat trien eiia cae virut v i eac t i c nhan truyen benh Cac hien tUdng thdi tiet eUc doan ed the d i n den viee tang sd lUdng cac ea till vong ya biing nd djch benh 5.2 Sii tham gia chdng bien ddi hiu cua Viet Nam Viet Nam tham gia UNFCCC 11/6/1992 va phe chuan UNFCCC 16/11/1994 La mdt nhi/ng nUdc dang phat trien, Viet Nam da nhanh chdng tham gia cam ket vdi e i c td chUc qudc te, nhu Nghj djnh Kyoto, tham gia dU an Cd che phat trien sgeh (Clean Development Mechanism - CDM), Viet Nam la vien thudc Ben khdng thudc Phu lue I eiia UNFCCC, tufc la chUa cd nghTa vu g i i m phat t h i i nha kinh, nhUng se p h i i thUc hien mdt sd nghia vu chung nhU: xay dung eae thdng bao qudc gia, kiem ke nha kinh, xay dUng va danh gia eac phUdng an g i i m nhe nha kinh va thich Ung vdi bien ddi hgu Viet Nam eung da tieh cUc tham gia cae hpi nghj COP vdi mong mudn thiie day tien trinh dam p h i n va tien tdi dgt nhflng thda thuan toan dien gifla cae qudc gia viee Ung phd vdi bien ddi hau Trong bdi c i n h mpt hiep djnh toan cau cho 2015 v i n cdn ehUa rd rang, khudn khd hdi nghj COPl 9, Vifet Nam da cd cac cudc hpi nghj rieng I I nham thiic day k h i nang ehdng bien ddi hau theo tflng nhdm nUde nhd Chang hgn nhU Viet Nam da ciing vdi Nhgt Bin va mpt so nude tien hanh dang cai hpi nghj trao ddi kinh nghiem va'n de chia se tin chi Carbon Mdt cd che cho phep eac nUde p h i t trien chuyen giao cae cdng nghe than thien mdi trUdng sang eac nUdc dang p h i t trien, ddi Igi lay lUdng tfn ehi khf t h i i , thUc chat la de dUde gia tang gidi han mtife phat t h i i vdn dUdc quy djnh theo Nghj dinh thU Kyoto Mdt trUde ket thue hdi nghj, Viet Nam da len tieng keu gpi mdt eupe c i c h mang nhan thtirc de thiic da'y cac nd lUc bao ve trai da't Dai dien eho phai doan Viet Nam, ThU trUdng Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trUdng da phat di Idi c i n h tinh tdi eac phai doan tham du, keu gpi e i c nUde hay cd nhflng hanh ddng thdng thai bdi t h i m hpa cua bien ddi hau da d trUdc mat: "Nhi/ng nd lUc cua chung ta, cho tdi hiSn la khdng the dim bio dugc muc tieu han chd tang C Khi nang Trii dit se tang C vdi nhitng tham hga nguy hiem cd the trd sU thuc Mdt thoa thuan phip I'y toan cau mdi da dugc thai ky ludng Viy th) hay ddng dinh mit dl ddng lUc cua minh va hay tidn tdi hien thilc boa no Cic qudc gia phit trien, hay tang cam kdt cit giam thai cua minh vao thing 7/2014 ia cham nhit" Theo dng Koos Neefjes - Cd van ve Bien ddi hau eiia UNDP tai Viet Nam: "Trong mdt sd vin de thudc khudn khd dim phin nay, Vidt sa'96+97 (1.2014) TFOMGTIN &D1JBAD KINH TE-XA HQI 75 Nam cd the ddng vai trd trung tam, vi du chUdng trinh giim thidu thai nha kinh thdng qua trdng riing va phuc hdi rdng Viet Nam kha tidn bg so vdi cac nUdc khac vin dd nay, Viet Nam da dUa nhdng kinh nghiem va y tudng eua riing minh nhilng nam qua, dd cd xay dung ngudn lUc, hieu can phai lam gl va giai thich cho cae qudc gia, ca phit trien lin dang phit tridn md hinh dd nen nhU thd nao tUdng lai" Ben cgnh dd, Vi?t Nam cung dang nd life viee ndi lugt hda cie cam ket qud'c te ve mdi trudng va ehdng bien ddi hgu Theo Chie'n lUpe qudc gia ve bien ddi hau dUde Thd tUdng phe duy^t thing 12/2011 thi g i i m phit t h i i nha kinh dUdc dat nhu mdt nhi^m vy chie'n lUdc Chien lUpe qudc gia ve tang trudng xanh dUde Thii tUdng phe duy^t thing 9/2012 eung nhan djnh tang trUdng xanh l i mdt npi dung quan trpng eiia phat trien ben vflng vdi mgc tieu g i i m cUdng dp phat t h i i nha kinh 8-10% giai doan 2011-2020 so vdi miie n i m 2010; giim lUdng phit t h i i nha kinh eic hogt dpng nang lUdng tfl 10-20% so vdi phUdng i n phit trien binh thudng Nghj quyet sd 24-NQ/TW 03/6/2013 eda Ban Cha'p hinh Trung Udng Ding (khda XI) eung x i c djnh rd nhi$m vu trpng tam thdi gian tdi la thiic day chuyen ddi md hinh t i n g trUdng g i n vdi cd ca'u nen kinh te theo hudng tang trUdng xanh va phit trien ben vflng 7S Ket luan Bien ddi hau la van de toan cau va ciia mdi qudc gia Qng vdi bien ddi hau vfla la van de cap bach, vfla ed tinh chien litoc lau dai Viet Nam la mpt nhflng qudc gia chju i n h hudng nang ne nha't eda bien ddi hau Hau q u i eiia bien ddi hau ddi vfli nude ta la het sUc nghiem trpng, nguy cd hien hflu t i e ddng den mgc tieu xoi ddi giim ngheo, thUe hien cae mue tieu thien nien k^ va phat trien ben vflng ciia da't nUde Chfnh vi vgy, bUde vao nam 2014, chung ta c i n tiep tuc trien khai hieu q u i eae ehUdng trinh mue tieu qudc gia ve Ung phd vdi bien ddi h i u eung nhU ehu dpng v i tich cUc tham gia cac nd life cOa cpng ddng qudc te nham b i o ve he thdng hau Trii da't.D I A I IIEU THAM K H A O Bp Tii nguyen va Mdi trUdng (2000), Cdng Udc khung ciia Lien Hgp Qud'c ve bidn ddi hiu (ban djch nguyen bin tit tidng Anh), H i Ndi Bp Tii nguyen va Mdi trUdng (2008), A^pf sd van bin quy pham phap luat thUe hien Cdng Ude khung cua Lidn Hgp Qudc ve bidn dSi hiu va Nghj djnh thu Kyoto tai Vidt Nam, Ha Ndi Bp Tai nguyen va Mdi trUdng (2009), Cae kjch bin bidn doi hau cho Viet Nam Vi$n Nghien eUu Q u i n ly Kinh te Trung Udng v i Vien Nghien ctiu Kinh te Phat trien The gidi, Dgi hpc Copenhagen (Dan Mach), 2012, Bao cao "Tic ddng eua bidn ddi hau tdi tang trudng va phit triin kinh td d ViSt Nam" Lien Hpp Qud'c (2010), Vi'^f Nam vi hinh ddng bidn ddi hiu: nhdng Uu tidn chien luge Ngan hang Phit trien chiu A (2012), Tac ddng kinh td eua biSn ddi hiu tai Ddng Nam A: Bio cio khu vUe - Nhdng diem noi bJt Doin H i i Yen (2013), Phit trien cic khu kinh te ven bidn d Viet Nam bdi cinh bidn ddi hiu, Bai dang Ky yeu hpi thio khoa hpc qud'c te"Kinh td hgc bidn ddi hiu va gdi •y chinh sich ddi vdi Vidt Nam" TrUdng Dai hpc Kinh te qud'c d i n v i Ausaid td ehfle tgi Ha Npi 01/3/2013 (tr 555-566) 8- http://unfree.int/meetings/warsaw nov 2013/sessinn/7767.php http://www.monrepov.vn/v3S/default.aspx?tahiH=428/J,CatelD=25& ID=130481 /i,Code=001 HI 3n4«1 19/11/13 10- http://vov.vn/Binh-liian/rOP-19-dat-nen-mong-chn-Hiep-dintk ve-bien-dni-khi-haii/7q3qftl um/, 26/11/13 ^1http://orea mard.gnvvn/Content/COP-19-Mong-doi-nhunJ: guyet-dinh-quan-trnnp/?ni 3/11/19/320?? new; ^2- http://dantri.eom.vn/thp-gioj/iO-su-kien-khoa-hor-nnl-hat-nhaJi nam-201 3-871447 hf,>, 30/i 2/13 THONG TIN & DU BAD KINH TE - XA HQI So 96+97 (1.2014) ... benh 5.2 Sii tham gia chdng bien ddi hiu cua Viet Nam Viet Nam tham gia UNFCCC 11/6/1992 va phe chuan UNFCCC 16/11/1994 La mdt nhi/ng nUdc dang phat trien, Viet Nam da nhanh chdng tham gia cam ket... xay dung eae thdng bao qudc gia, kiem ke nha kinh, xay dUng va danh gia eac phUdng an g i i m nhe nha kinh va thich Ung vdi bien ddi hgu Viet Nam eung da tieh cUc tham gia cae hpi nghj COP vdi mong... nude tham gia phai ed cam ket chung ve nhufng hanh ddng chdng lai sU bien ddi khf hau, dieu ehinh theo dieu kien eda ttfng qud'c gia nham trien khai thUc hien Cdng Ude Cdng Ude chia cae nUdc tham