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This research paper examines how economic, social, personal, decision making and political empowerment of women effected by Bank linkage program.
International Journal of Management (IJM) Volume 11, Issue 2, February 2020, pp 181–190, Article ID: IJM_11_02_020 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijm/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=2 Journal Impact Factor (2020): 10.1471 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed A STUDY ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN THE PARTICIPATION OF ACTIVITIES WITH REFERENCE TO Y.S.R (KADAPA) DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH K Venkata Subbaiah Research Scholar, Department of Economics, V.S.U P.G Centre, Kavali &Lecturer in Economics, SKR & SKR Govt College for Women(A), Kadapa, India Dr P Srinivas Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, V.S.U P.G Centre, Kavali, India ABSTRACT: Women empowerment through micro financial facility is one of the best tools to empower the rural people Today majority of the state government’s focusing on empowerment of women in the country Microfinance program listed as a successful program to distribute wealth in the country for poor women This research paper examines how economic, social, personal, decision making and political empowerment of women effected by Bank linkage program The data was gathered by personal interviews and observations To test the hypothesis one way ANOVA test had conducted Key Words: Women, Empowerment, Micro Finance, SHG’s Cite this Article: K Venkata Subbaiah and Dr P Srinivas, A Study on Women Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa) District, Andhra Pradesh, International Journal of Management (IJM), 11 (2), 2020, pp 181–190 http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=2 INTRODUCTION Today in India governments have been focusing on removal of poverty in rural areas by introducing SBLP in their areas The SGH programs broadly practicing for developments, removal of poverty and women empowerments in their respective villages Today SHGs have been using for social development of women The concept of this program is to increase self reliance and providing good life in the society It focuses on increase the voice of women and building women organizations to overcome the bad evils in the society Today these programs have been using for increase leadership skills among women, to promote entrepreneurship and to decision making capacity for their family and for the society http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 181 editor@iaeme.com K Venkata Subbaiah and Dr P Srinivas Bangladesh is the first nation who introduced SHG’s This program had given good result in their country to removal of poverty NABARD Carried out an extensive research study in India and their research had given great results in terms of saving patterns, repayment of loans of women The results encouraged the financial institutions like RBI, commercial banks for developing the women NABARD had taken initiation to link SHG with banks in the year 1991-992 thus microfinance program came into the country to develop the rural women The basic objective of Introducing SHG in India is to empower the women economically and socially Economic Empowerment means instill the habit of savings, to overcome small financial crisis in their families and to take financial decisions to generate income, to spend expenditure and to repayment of loans Social empowerment means make them selfconfidence, improving the social status in the family and in the society, getting decision making priorities from the family and from the society Skills development, building capacity to interacting with peoples and increasing educational qualifications etc personal empowerment means increasing confidence levels, freedom to move , freedom to speak among family members, involvement in the societal programs, attending training programs organized by government Political empowerment means freedom to participate in elections, voting decision, raising voices in gram sambas etc in this regard this study is essential to examine the women empowerment in select area of kadapa district REVIEW OF LITERATURE Tanmoyee banerjee (2012) made a study on SHGs She conducted her study on 26 shg who were self-employees In her study she witnessed that their income level was increased after joined in SHGs In her study she identified that forming as group and conducting business given empowerment and employment for them further she concluded in her study that training is critical for them to increase their empowerment Vijaya laxmi, gowda, jamuna ray & suggen (2012) had a study on women empowerment they concluded in their study that the women would be empowered when she got training on both off the job and on the job, through follow up of mentors Basudeb Bhattacharya (2016) made a study on managing finance for rural poor He had opinioned that subsidies which were available under the Scheme should be utilized to support the growth of capacity building instead for consumption which has been largely neglected in the SGSY program Subsidies can also be used by SHGs to finance the formation of new groups that can benefit from the program George k.v (2017) conducted a comparative research on SHG-bank linkage program and financial inclusion in Chennai and Kerala states of India He had suggested that the repayment rates of loans to SHGs were high as compared with other types of lending by banks It was suggested that the banks should pay more attention to SHG lending which increases their business and number of customers OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1) To observe Socio Economic Profile of the respondents in select SHG 2) To examine the Social, Economical, Personal, Decision Making and Political Development of SHG members in select SHG in Kadapa District 3) To assess the significant differences between Age of the respondents and Socio, Economic and Personal Development of the respondents 4) To offer Suggestions for the Development of the Members http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 182 editor@iaeme.com A Study on Women Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa) District, Andhra Pradesh RESEARCH METHODOLOGY For conducting the research both primary and secondary data has used The study is descriptive and in nature The sample size for the study is 200 SHG members Random sampling method has used to gather the data The population for the study is select SHG’s in Y.S.R (Kadapa) district For conducting the survey 250 questionnaire had distributed among these only 204 was received for data consistency taken 200 members who properly filled data The data was gathered by personal interviews and observations To test the hypothesis one way ANOVA test had conducted LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The study is conducted only on female members in select SHG’s in YSR kadapa district The sample size for the study is only 200 hence it is not applicable to total district The opinion of the respondents is completely their personal opinion DATA ANALYSIS Objective: finding: Table :-1 Age Valid Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent 18-39 130 65.0 65.0 65.0 40-49 50 25.0 25.0 90.0 50 and above 20 10.0 10.0 100.0 Total 200 100.0 100.0 Age of the respondents: from the table one it has identified that 65% of the respondents belongs to the age category of 18 to 39 category followed by 25% of the respondents belongs to the age category of 40 to 49 categories and 10% of the respondents belongs to 50 and above age category Table :2 Marital status Valid Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent 1.00 164 82.0 82.0 82.0 2.00 30 15.0 15.0 97.0 3.00 3.0 3.0 100.0 Total 200 100.0 100.0 Marital status of the respondents: from the study it has observed that 82% of the respondents were married 15% if the respondents were un married and only 3% of the respondents were widows http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 183 editor@iaeme.com K Venkata Subbaiah and Dr P Srinivas Table-3 Community wise distribution of SHG Member Valid Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent 1.00 26 13.0 13.0 13.0 2.00 50 25.0 25.0 38.0 3.00 34 17.0 17.0 55.0 4.00 90 45.0 45.0 100.0 Total 200 100.0 100.0 Community wise distribution of SHG Member: From the table three it has identified that 45% of the respondents belongs to OBC Category, followed by 25% percentage of the respondents belongs SC Category 17% of the respondents belong to ST category and general category is 13% Table -4 : Occupation Valid Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent 1.00 74 37.0 37.0 37.0 2.00 48 24.0 24.0 61.0 3.00 22 11.0 11.0 72.0 4.00 18 9.0 9.0 81.0 5.00 18 9.0 9.0 90.0 6.00 20 10.0 10.0 100.0 Total 200 100.0 100.0 Occupation of SHG Member: from the table it has evidenced that 37% of the respondents are house wife’s, 24% of the respondents are working on agricultural followed by non agricultural labor 11%, petty business 10% % of the respondents are self employees and only 10% of the respondents are unemployed Table -5 Educational qualifications Valid Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent 1.00 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.00 40 20.0 20.0 23.0 3.00 90 45.0 45.0 68.0 4.00 50 25.0 25.0 93.0 5.00 14 7.0 7.0 100.0 Total 200 100.0 100.0 Educational qualifications of SHG: from the table five it recognized that majority (45%) of the respondents had secondary education 25% of the respondents had higher http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 184 editor@iaeme.com A Study on Women Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa) District, Andhra Pradesh secondary education followed by 20% of the respondents had primary education, 7% of the respondents were graduates and only 3% of the respondents were illiterates Objective Two findings: Table -6: Economic development of the respondents S.No v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 Variables SHG ‘s meeting their all economic needs after becoming SHG member Getting loans from SHG Family members considering spending loan amount Changes in savings after becoming SHG member Having capacity to Repayment of loan in scheduled time SA AG SWA DA SDA Ms SD % 81 62 57 0 4.12 0.82 78 118 57 25 0 4.46 0.70 86.62 47 62 33 38 20 3.39 1.30 59.75 63 60 29 38 10 3.64 1.24 66 59 58 10 41 32 3.35 1.48 59 The table six shows the data on Economic development of the respondents It can be seen from the table with regard to variable one 78% of the respondents accepted that SHG‘s meeting their all economic needs after becoming SHG member With regard to the variable two 86.62% of the respondents accepted that they have been getting loans from SHG With regard to the variable family members considering spending loan amount 59.75% of the respondents accepted the statement With regard to the variable four 66% of the respondents accepted that there is a change in savings after becoming SHG member With regard to the variable five 59% of the respondents accepted that they had the capacity to repayment of loan in scheduled time Table -7: Social development of the respondents S.No Variables SA AG SWA DA SDA Ms SD % V6 Able to speak with public 64 111 15 5 4.12 0.84 78 V7 Increase my decision making skills 10 114 15 30 31 3.21 1.22 55.25 V8 Maintaining relationship with others 81 40 18 23 38 3.51 1.56 62.87 V9 I improved my communication 50 40 55 22 33 3.26 1.38 V10 No Discrimination in the society 56 50 15 39 40 3.21 1.52 55.37 56.5 The table seven shows the data on Economic development of the respondents It can be seen that with regard to variable six 78% of the respondents accepted that they are able to speak with public With regard to the variable seven 55.25% of the respondents accepted that their decision making skills they have been increasing With regard to the variable eight 62.87% of members accepted that they have been Maintaining relationship with others members With regard to the variable nine 56.5% of the respondents accepted that they improved their communication skills With regard to the variable ten 55.37% of the respondents accepted that there is No Discrimination in the society http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 185 editor@iaeme.com K Venkata Subbaiah and Dr P Srinivas Table -8: Personal development S.N o Variables S A A G SW A D A SD A v11 increasing confidence levels 74 60 39 20 V12 freedom to move 96 60 20 12 12 V13 freedom to speak among family members 53 96 20 19 12 V14 involvement in the societal programs 66 53 39 28 14 V15 Attending training programs 66 49 40 36 Ms SD % 3.6 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.5 66.1 77 69.8 66.1 58.6 The table eight shows the data on Personal development of the respondents It can be seen that with regard to variable eleven 66.12% of the respondents accepted that they have been increasing confidence levels With regard to the variable twelve 77% of the respondents accepted that they have freedom to move With regard to the variable thirteen 69.87% of members accepted that they freedom to speak among family members With regard to the variable fourteen 66.12 % of the respondents accepted that they have been involving in the societal programs With regard to the variable fifteen 58.62% of the respondents accepted that they Attending training programs Table -9: Decision making skills development S No V1 V1 V1 V1 V2 Variables Able to take decision on education of children’s after joined in SHG Able to take decision on economic matters after joined in SHG Able to take decision on daily activities after joined in SHG Able to take decision on children’s marriage after joined in SHG Able to take decision on income generation activities after joined in SHG S A 7 A G SW A D A SD A 96 20 19 12 40 18 23 38 60 20 12 12 59 34 20 15 74 11 29 14 M s 79 51 08 76 80 S D 11 56 16 24 26 % 69 87 62 87 77 69 12 70 12 The table Nine shows the data on Decision making skills development of the respondents It can be seen that with regard to variable sixteen 69.87% of the respondents accepted that they are able to take decision on education of children’s after joined in SHG With regard to the variable seventeen 62.87% of the respondents accepted that they are able to take decision on economic matters after joined in SHG With regard to the variable eighteen 77% of members accepted that they are able to take decisions on daily activities after joined in SHG With regard to the variable Nineteen 69.12 % of the respondents accepted that they are Able to take decision on children’s marriage after joined in SHG With regard to the variable fifteen 70.12% of the respondents accepted that they are Able to take decision on income generation activities after joined in SHG http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 186 editor@iaeme.com A Study on Women Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa) District, Andhra Pradesh Table -10: Political development s.no v21 v22 v23 v24 v25 v26 Variables vote on our own decision have membership in political party interest to contest in election Have awareness on grama sabha Used to attended in grama sabha participated in decision making of grama sabha SA 47 96 42 42 42 AG SWA 54 30 42 26 42 21 66 21 66 21 DA 35 14 42 42 42 SDA 34 22 53 29 29 MS 3.22 3.88 2.89 3.25 3.25 SD 1.42 1.36 1.52 1.38 1.38 % 55.62 72 47.25 56.25 56.25 46 64 42 30 3.27 1.40 56.75 18 The table Ten shows the data on Political development of the respondents It can be seen that with regard to variable twenty one 55.62% of the respondents accepted that they cast their vote on their own decision With regard to the variable 22, 72% of the respondents accepted that they have member ship in political party With regard to the variable twenty three 47.25% of members accepted that they had interest to contest in election With regard to the variable twenty four 56.25 % of the respondents accepted that they have awareness on grama sabha With regard to the variable twenty five 56.25% of the respondents accepted that they used to attend in grama sabha With regard to the variable twenty six 56.75% of the respondents accepted that they have been participating in decision making of grama sabha Objective Three: hypothesis testing Hypothesis H1: There is a significant difference between age of the respondents and economic development Table 6.1-ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig 15.691 7.845 13.110 000 Within Groups 117.889 197 598 Total 133.580 199 15.858 7.929 18.618 000 Within Groups 83.897 197 426 Total 99.755 199 18.889 9.445 6.205 002 Within Groups 299.831 197 1.522 Total 318.720 199 21.042 10.521 7.221 001 Within Groups 287.038 197 1.457 Total 308.080 199 73.575 36.787 19.898 000 Within Groups 364.220 197 1.849 Total 437.795 199 VAR00001 Between Groups VAR00002 Between Groups VAR00003 Between Groups VAR00004 Between Groups VAR0005 Between Groups http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 187 editor@iaeme.com K Venkata Subbaiah and Dr P Srinivas From the observations it is evidenced from the table 6.1 that there is a significant difference between the age of the respondents and their economic development of the respondents All the five variables significantly strong with the above statement hence we accept hypothesis one statement Hypothesis H2: There is a significant difference between age of the respondents and social development Table-7.1 ANOVA VAR000v6 VAR000v7 VAR000v8 VAR000v9 VAR000v10 Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig Between Groups 12.169 6.085 9.296 000 Within Groups 128.951 197 655 Total 141.120 199 Between Groups 172 086 057 944 Within Groups 294.703 197 1.496 Total 294.875 199 Between Groups 40.017 20.009 8.687 000 Within Groups 453.738 197 2.303 Total 493.755 199 Between Groups 31.553 15.777 8.907 000 Within Groups 348.927 197 1.771 Total 380.480 199 Between Groups 105.563 52.781 29.176 000 Within Groups 356.392 197 1.809 Total 461.955 199 From the observations it has evidenced from the table 7.1 that there is a significant difference between the age of the respondents and their social development All the variables are significant with age of the respondents except variable seven hence we accept hypothesis two statement Hypothesis H3: There is a significant difference between age of the respondents and personal development Table 8.1-ANOVA VAR00011 VAR00012 Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig Between Groups 58.507 29.253 17.657 000 Within Groups 326.373 197 1.657 Total 384.880 199 Between Groups 16.643 8.322 6.452 002 Within Groups 254.077 197 1.290 Total 270.720 199 http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 188 editor@iaeme.com A Study on Women Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa) District, Andhra Pradesh VAR00013 VAR00014 VAR00015 Between Groups 5.846 2.923 Within Groups 242.749 197 1.232 Total 248.595 199 Between Groups 14.267 7.134 Within Groups 303.528 197 1.541 Total 317.795 199 Between Groups 2.833 1.416 Within Groups 470.362 197 2.388 Total 473.195 199 2.372 096 4.630 011 593 554 One way ANOVA From the observations it is evidenced from the table 8.1 that only three variables (v11,v12, v14) are significant with age of the respondents remaining two variables (v13,v15) not significant with age of the respondents hence; they above said hypothesis somewhat accepted SUGGESTIONS OF THE STUDY After observing the data it is suggested that family members should co- operate with the respondents and they should give guidance to take decisions Majority of the members taking loans but their repayment capacity should be increase hence members of the Ngo , rural development officers and banking institution should train them on income generating activities Further it has suggested that Decision making skills of the members should increased, majority of the members unable to express their ideas in front of family members and with official proper training should be given on communication skills and women discrimination in the society has been reducing buy conducting social programs we can remove caste discriminations Further it is suggesting that political development of the members should be enhanced hence local political parties should motivate women’s to participate in election by giving chances to compete in elections REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Tanmoyee Banerjee, what factors play a role in empowering women a study of shg members from India., Gender, Technology and Development, Asian Institute of Technology., SAGE Publication, 2012, 16(3) 329–355© 2012 Vijaya laxmi , gowda , jamuna ray& suggen, SHG Helping Empower Rural Women – A Study., International Journal of Social Science & Interdisciplinary Research ISSN 2277 3630, IJSSIR, Vol (7), July (2013) Online available at indianresearchjournals.com Basudeb Bhattacharya, Basudeb Bhattacharya, Managing Finance For Rural Poor: A Study On Shg - Bank Linkage Programme Phd Thesis Submitted To Tripura University,Tripura, India, 2016 George k.v shg-bank linkage programme and financial inclusion – a comparative study of kerala and tamil nadu, phd thesis submitted to mahatma gandhi university, kottayam, 2017 Dr Nisha Pandey and D Parthasarathy, Impact Analysis of Welfare Schemes of Women‟s Empowerment: With Reference to RMK, Step and E-Haat, Journal of Management, 6(2), 2019, pp 146–156 http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 189 editor@iaeme.com K Venkata Subbaiah and Dr P Srinivas [6] [7] Alabi, O O., Ajala, A.O., Shoyombo, A.J and Ogunjimi, S.I, Animal Agriculture: A Viable Tool for Rural Women Empowerment and Redemption from Poverty, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 10 (2), 2019, pp 2365–2373 Mrs Porinita Banerjee, Mr Vasimraja Sayed, and Mrs Sheena Abraham Self Help Group: A Pathway towards Credit & Economic Empowerment of Women International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, 7(1), 2016, pp 13-19 [8] Dr Aditi Jain and Ms Shivani Gambhir, Socio-Economic Women Empowerment: Sharp Focus, International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Volume 6, Issue 1, January-April (2015), pp 38-49 [9] Dr Nilanjan Sengupta and Dr Mousumi Sengupta, Status of employee empowerment: An empirical study Journal of Management, 5(3), 2018, pp 15–23 http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 190 editor@iaeme.com ... on Women Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa) District, Andhra Pradesh secondary education followed by 20% of the respondents had primary education,... editor@iaeme.com A Study on Women Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa) District, Andhra Pradesh RESEARCH METHODOLOGY For conducting the research both primary and... (2013) Online available at indianresearchjournals.com Basudeb Bhattacharya, Basudeb Bhattacharya, Managing Finance For Rural Poor: A Study On Shg - Bank Linkage Programme Phd Thesis Submitted To