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Retaining wall structures Application and construction procedure Retaining wall is a structure that are designed and constructed to withstand lateral pressure of soil or hold back soil materials. The lateral pressure could be also due to earth filling, liquid pressure, sand, and other granular materials behind the retaining wall structure. There are various types of retaining wall structures which are used for numerous goals.
RETAINING WALL STRUCTURES Group Hoàng Thị Quỳnh Chi Đỗ Trung Nghĩa Đinh Trí Dũng Chu Hồng Nam Bùi Chiến Cơng Nguyễn Đăng Thanh Hồ Mạnh Cường Cao Ngọc Linh Nguyễn Quốc Mạnh 10.Nguyễn Thị Mỹ Linh CONTENT I Introduction II Types of retaining walls III General design steps IV Typical construction procedure I INTRODUCTION Retaining wall is a structure that are designed and constructed to withstand lateral pressure of soil or hold back soil materials The lateral pressure could be also due to earth filling, liquid pressure, sand, and other granular materials behind the retaining wall structure There are various types of retaining wall structures which are used for numerous goals I INTRODUCTION Mass Gravity/ Semigravity Wall 1.1 GRAVITY WALLS I INTRODUCTION Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls (MSE) 1.1 GRAVITY WALLS I INTRODUCTION Modular Block Walls 1.1 GRAVITY WALLS I INTRODUCTION Soil Nail Walls 1.1 GRAVITY WALLS I INTRODUCTION Cantilever Walls 1.2 NON-GRAVITY WALLS I INTRODUCTION Anchored Walls 1.2 NON-GRAVITY WALLS I INTRODUCTION II TYPES OF RETAINING WALLS GRAVITY RETAINING WALLS IV TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE There are many ways and methods of building a retaining wall It all depends on the retaining wall type The procedure below is for the construction of one popular type of retaining wall strutures: The geosynthetic-reinforced retaining wall (one type of Mechanically Stabilized Earth - MSE) IV TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE Geosynthetic-reinforced soil have become extremely familiar thanks to the advantages in the field of construction such as: • • ensuring the stability of the works despite large fluctuations meeting the requirements of works with large horizontal bearing force, etc For large constructions requiring thick walls, the geosynthetic-reinforced retaining wall will be more economically and technically superior, more advantages of architecture and forming method than retaining walls that use ordinary concrete or rock blocks Construction procedure: Prepare materials and equipment Prepare construction ground Install the wall facings and other components Construct the top wall section and over part IV TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE Prepare materials and equipments Fabrication of wall facings, geosynthetic-reinforcement and detailed components in the workshop Wall panels must meet the requirements of structure and size Use steel formwork and before molding should check the tolerance of the formwork Preparing embankment (soil mines and mining equipment) Survey the reserves of the soil mine, the ability to be exploited and the distance to transport to the construction site Conduct experiments to determine the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the soil IV TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE Prepare materials and equipments Preparation of compaction equipment (soil mines and mining equipment) Depending on the type of filled soil, the thickness of the compaction, select the type of compaction equipment to ensure the required compaction Prepare tools to install the wall panels and geosynthetic-reinforcement (wedge set, temporary clamps, vertical-check ruler, etc.) IV TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE Prepare construction ground Digging and executing foundations, inspecting foundations and conducting foundation strengthening solutions if necessary; Elevation of the bottom of foundation and foundation handling requirements must comply with design drawings There must be temporary drainage measures during the excavation Before constructing the wall body, it is required to check the size, elevation of the foundation and the handling solutions Try to execute during the dry season and have solutions to prevent slipping and sliding IV TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE Prepare construction ground Installing and constructing drainage systems according to design requirements and making temporary drainage systems during the construction process; Set up a positioning system and elevation checkmark when installing walls; Establish the system through subsidence monitoring during and after the construction process IV TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE Install the wall facings and other components Installing the wall facings, strut system, spreading geosynthetic-reinforcement, connecting geosynthetic-reinforcement with the panels and backfilling Transporting, using cranes to assemble the wall coverings IV TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE Install the wall facings and other components Transporting, using cranes to assemble the wall coverings The wall panels must be assembled vertically IV TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE Install the wall facings and other components Transporting, using cranes to assemble the wall coverings In each row of panels, the later installed wall panels need to be adjusted to fit into the pins of the previously installed wall panels After adjusting the height position, it is necessary to use the wooden pullers to temporarily fix the panels together Install support system to keep the wall stable when installing IV TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE Install the wall facings and other components Filling and spreading soil to the bottom layer This job is only done after the installation is complete and firm support for the bottom row panel When executing the first layer, pay attention not to filling soil close to the wall cover layer but to back up about 30 cm IV TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE Install the wall facings and other components Laying the geosynthetic-reinforcement layers and connect the reinforcement to the wall After compacting and making sure the bottom layer is flat, proceed to spread the geosynthetic-reinforcement and link with the wall by bolts or pins IV TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE Install the wall facings and other components Fill the soil and compaction to the required compaction Soil must be spread in layers with a thickness of 15-27cm each layer (depending on the thickness of the compaction test section) The compaction required to be greater than or equal to K98, the dry density after compacting is at least 1800 kg/m3 IV TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE Construct the top wall section and over part Installation of top wall blocks; Installation of protective railing systems; Installation of surface drainage IV TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE Cut & Fill Retaining Walls Cut Walls Fill Walls • Constructed from the top down • Use bottom up construction • Used for both temporary and • Typically used for permanent construction permanent applications • MSE walls are generally more economical for fill locations • Cantilever sheet pile walls are suitable for shallower cuts • Anchored walls, soil nail walls, and anchored soldier pile walls may be suitable for deeper cuts than CIP cantilever walls Thanks for your kind of listening !