DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI KHOA LUAT i * BE TAI NHOM B - BAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI PHAP LUAT VE QUAN HE LAO D Q N G VIET NAM - THlTC TRANG VA PHtrONG HlTdNG HO AN THIEN MA SO: QG.10.33 Chu nhiem de tdi: PGS TS.Le Thi Hodi Thu r Dcm vi: Khoa Luat - Dai hoc Quae gia Ha Noi HA NO! - 2012 ^ i CHU TRI DE TAI: PGS.TS LE THI HOAI THU Tap the tac gia: ChiroTig I: PGS TS Pham Cong Tru Chirong II: I S Nguyen Xuan Thu ChiroTig IH: PGS.TS Le Thj Hoai Thu Chiro-ng IV: PGS TS Le Thi Hoai Thu Chu-cng V; PGS.TS Le Thi Hoai Thu Chiro-ng VI: TS Nguyin Xuan Thu Chu-oTigVII: PGS.TS Le Thi Hoai Thu HVCH Pham Thi Thanh Viet Chircmg VHI: PGS.TS Le Thi Hoai Thu ThS NCS Nguyen Le Thu MUC LUC LOT NOI DAU NQI DUNG THir NHAT: LY LUAN VE QUAN HE LAO DONG VA DIEU CHINH PHAP LUAT DOI Vdl QUAN HE LAO DONG TRONG CO CHE THI TRUING O VIET NAM CHUOTVG I: LY LUAN VE QUAN HE LAO DQNG VA QUAN HE PHAP LUAT * " u LAO DONG TRONG NEN KINH TE THI T R U N G I KHAI QUAT VE QUAN HE LAO D Q N G 12 LL Khdi niem qiian he lao dong L2 Tinh chat ciia quan he lao dong L3 Phdn logi quan he lao dong 1.4 Dieu kienxac lap vavgn hanh quan he lao dong L5 Cdc nguyen tac van hanh quan he lao dong 1.6 Luac SICphdt trien quan he lao dong QUAN HE PHAP LUAT LAO D O N G 2.1 Khdi niem quan he phdp luat lao dong 2.2 Dgc diem cua quan he phdp lugt lao dong 2.3 Chu the cua quan he phdp lugt lao dong Noi dung cua quan he phdp lugt lao dong 2.5 Phdt sinh, thay doi, chdm dut quan he phdp lugt lao dong ;2 14 77 75 ig 21 24 24 25 29 33 34 CHU^OfNG II: QUAN HE LAO D O N G O VIET NAM - HIEN TAI, TU^ONG LAI VA NHCTNG Y E U C A U DAT RA TRONG VIEC DIEU CHINH P H A P L U A T LAO * 36 DONG O VIET NAM L QUAN HE LAO D O N G T H E O P H A P LUAT LAO D O N G VIET NAM HIEN NAY36 1.1 Khdi niem 36 40 1.2 Cdc logi quan he lao dong lam congdn luwig a Viet Nam 1.3 Cdch thuc dieu chinh phdp lugt doi vai quan he lao dong lam cong an Iwoiig 42 XU HLTdNG P H A T TRIEN QUAN HE LAO D Q N G VIETNAM VA M Q T SO KIEN N G H I VE DIEU CHINH P H A P LUAT DOI V l QUAN HE LAO D Q N G 43 NOI DUNG THU HAI : KINH NGHIEM QUOC TE TRONG VIEC DIEU CHINH PHAP LUAT DOI VOI QUAN HE LAO DONG VA NHUNG VAN DE DAT RA CHO VI$T NAM CHUOTVG III: QUAN DIEM CUA TO CHlTC LAO DQNG QUOC TE VA QUY DINH CUA MOT SO NUdC VE QUAN HE LAO D O N G TRONG CO CHE KINH TE THI TRUCJNG VA NHlTNG VAN DE DAT RA TRONG VIEC DIEU CHINH 51 PHAP LUAT DOI VOl QUAN HE LAO DONG VIET NAM QUAN DIEM CUA TO CHLTC LAO D O N G QUOC TE VA QUY DINH CUA M Q T SO NUCiC VE QUAN HE LAO D O N G TRONG NEN KINH TE THI TRUING 51 LL Quan diem cua To chicc lao dong Quoc te ^l L2 Qiiy dinh cua mot so quoc gia ve quan he lao dong -57 NHLTNG VAN DE DAT RA TRONG VIEC DIEU CHtNH PHAP LUAT DOI V6l QUAN HE LAO D O N G 60 2.1 Quy dinh hien hanh cua phdp lugt Viet Nam ve quan he lao dong 60 2.2 Nhung vdn di dat viec dieu chinh phdp lugt doi vai quan he lao dong a nude ta tic kinh nghiem cua ILO va quy dinh ciia mot so quoc gia tren the giai 63 IV: PHAP LUAT QUAN LY NHA N U C VE QUAN HE LAO DONG 68 THUC TRANG VA H U O W G H O A N THIEN CHUONG • • • KHAI QUAT CUNG PHAP LUAT QUAN LY NHA NUCJC VE QUAN HE LAO DONG 68 1.1 Quan niem quan ly Nhd nude ve quan he lao dong 1.2 Noi dung quan ly Nhd nude ve quan he lao dong 1.3 Vaitrd quan ly Nhd nude quan he lao dong THUC TRANG QUAN LY NHA NUOC TRONG QUAN HE LAO D Q N G 69 69 78 80 2.1 Viee ban hdnh ehinh sach vdphdp lugt 80 2.2 Ve eo quan quan ly nhd nude °^ 2.3 Ve eong tde tra, kiem tra, gidm sat 84 NANG CAO VAI TRO QUAN LY NHA N U C J C TRONG VIEC PHAT TRIEN QUAN 88 HE LAO D O N G HAI HOA, ON DINH 3.1 Vi he thong phdp lugt lao dong 88 3.2 Vi ehuc ndng qudn ly nhd nude, td chuc vd ndng lue bo mdy qudn ly nhd nude 88 NQl DUNG THU BA: THUC TRANG PHAP LUAT VE QUAN HE LAO D Q N G VIET NAM VA P H U O N G HUONG HOAN THIEN V: THIET LAP, DUY TRI VA CHAM DITT QUAN HE LAO DONG THEO PHAP LUAT LAO DONG VIET NAM CHUOTVG L QUA TRiNHTIlIET LAP QUAN HE LAO DONG QUA TRINH DUY TRI QUAN HE LAO DQNG CHAM DUT QUAN HE LAO DONG 92 93 96 98 r 3A Chdm dut quan he lao dong y chi cua hai hen 9S 3.2 Chdm diet quan he lao dong y chi cua nguai thu ba hoqc hiin c6phdp ; 98 ^ 3.3 Chdm dirt quan he lao dong y chi cua mot ben 99 QUYEN LOI VA TRACH NHIEM CUA CAC BEN KHI CHAM DUT QUAN HE LAODONG •_102 4.1 Che tracdp (dieu 42 BLLD) 4.2 Che hoithuang 4.3 Thai hgn thuc hien nghia vu todn vd giai quyet chi 102 104 106 CHirONG VI: PHAP LUAT VE DAI DIEN NGU'CH LAO DONG VA DAI DIEN NGU^Ol Sir DUNG LAO DONG - THlTC TRANG VA KHUYEN NGHl' .' 108 L DAI DIEN CUA NGUCSI LAO DONG LL Thuc trangdgi dien cua ngu&i lao dong 1.2 Mot so khuyen nghi DAI DIEN CUA N G U O I sir DUNG LAO DONG 2.1 Thuc trang dgi dien cua ngudi sit dung lao dong 2.2 Mot so khuyen nghi 108 108 Ill 113 113 118 CHUONG VII: PHAP LUAT VE CO CHE PHOI HOP G I U A NHA N U O C VOfI DAI DIEN N G U O I LAO D O N G VA NGUOl StT DUNG LAO DONG TRONG VIEC GIAI QUYET CAC VAN DE CO LIEN QUAN DEN QUAN HE LAO DONG T H U C TRANG VA KHUYEN NGHI 121 • • • KHAI QUAT CHUNG VE CO CHE PHOI HQP GltfA NHA N U O C V O I DAI DIEN N G U O I L A O D Q N G V A N G U O I s i r D U N G L A O D O N G (CO CHE BA BEN) 121 LL Quan niem ve cache ba ben 121 1.2 Ban chat cua ca che ba ben 123 1.3 Hoat dong cua co che ba ben 124 1.4 Casaphdp ly cho viec hinh cache ba ben a Viet Nam 126 THT/C TRANG PHAP LUAT VE PHOI HOP CO CHE BA BEN TRONG QUAN I IE LAODONG 129 2.7 PhSi hop ca che ba ben tf'ongphdp lugt lao dong Viet Nam 129 2.2 Thuc trang hoat dongphoi hap ca che ba ben a Viet Nam 134 2.3 Mot sS vuang mdc hoat dong phoi hop ca che ba ben a Viet Nam 138 MOT SO KIEN NGHI N H A M THUC DAY SU* PHOI HOP HOAT D O N G CO CHE BA BEN VIET NAM 142 CHU^ONG VIII: PHAP LUAT VE GIAI QUYET TRANH C H A P LAO DQNG VA DINH CONG TRONG QUAN HE LAO DQNG - T H V C TRANG VA PHU'OWG [ 146 HUOTVG HOAN THIEN L PHAP LUAT VE GlAl QUYET TRANH CHAP LAO D O N G LL Khdi niem tranh chap lao dong vd giai quyet tranh chap lao dong L2 Thuc trang dp dung phdp lugt giai quyet tranh chap lao dong L3 Phuang hu&ng hodn thien PHAP LUAT VE DINH CONG VA GL\I QUYET DINH CONG 2.1 Quan niem ve dinh cong vd giai quyet dinh cong 2.2 Thuc trgng dinh cong vd giai quyet dinh conga Viet Nam 2.3 Thuc trgng phdp lugt ve giai quyet dinh cong ' ^ ^ ^ 146 146 755 156 160 160 767 772 ' 2.4 Mot so kien nghi nhdm hoan thien phdp lugt ve dinh cong va giai quyet dinh cong 779 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 184 L6I NOI DAU Sir can thiet cua Be tai: Trong he thong phap luat cua nuac ta, sau Hiln phap 1992, phap luat lao dong giii vi tri rat quan dihu chinh mot ITnh vuc rong Ion cac quan he lao dong c6 tinh kinh te - xa hoi sau rong, tac dong din toan bo xa hoi, moi ph4n kinh tl, mpi ca so san xuat kinh doanh dich vu va lao dong D8n phap luat lao dong co ban di vao cuoc song, phat huy vai tro to Ian viec tao hanh lang phap ly, chuSn muc phap ly cho cac chii thi thik lap quan he lao dong, gop phln lanh manh quan he lao dong, bao ve quyen va Igi ich hop phap cua cac chu thi quan he lao dong Tuy nhien, qua hon 15 nam thuc hien, phap luat vl.quan he lao dong boc 16 nhung han che, bat cap nhu: - Phap luat lao dong ducrc ban hanh 1994, thai ky nin kinh tl nuac ta vira ^ , mai chuyen sang nen kinh te thi truong dinh huong xa hoi chu nghia Mac du, da qua ba Ian sua doi, bo sung nhung cung chi mai sua doi, b6 sung mot s6 vdn dl cin thiet de dap ung yeu cau thuc te, chua co dilu kien soat noi dung cua phap luat lao dong mot each toan dien, ca ban Din tinh hinh kinh tl - xa hoi noi chung va quan he lao dong noi rieng c6 nhiing buac phat triln mai, do viec nghien cuu de tai c6 y nghia ca ve mat ly luan va thuc tien - Trong dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te va khu vuc, la vien cua To chuc thuong mai the giai, Viet Nam phe chuSn 17 Cong uac cua T6 chuc lao dong quoc te, nen phap luat lao dong can phai bo sung mot so quy dinh tuong thich vai cac cong uac va thong le quoc te ve lao dong va quan he lao dong, c6 cac qui dinh ve thuang lugng tap the, thoa uac lao dong tap the nganh Chinh vi vay, nghien cuu nhung van de ly luan - thuc tien va hoan thien phap luat ve quan he lao dong sir nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nuac vai muc tieu: Dan giau, nuac manh, xa hoi cong bang, dan chu va van minh, phat trien kinh te xa hoi ciia nuac ta qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te la rat can thiet Trong han 10 nam qua ke tu nuac ta chuyen sang nen kinh te thi truang, chua CO mot cong trinh nghien cuu mot each dong bo, toan dien, co tinh he thong nhung van de ly luan va thuc tien phap luat ve quan he lao dong, nhat la boi canh hoi nhap kinh t^ qu6c te hien nay, cho nen viec trien khai De tai la co tinh thai sir cap bach Ve mat ly luan: De tai luan chumg, ly giai va xay dung dugc mot he thong cac quan diem co tinh chat hoc thuat cua nhijrng ly luan ve quan he lao dong noi chung va phap luat lao dong noi rieng Ve mat thuc tien: De tai la mot cong trinh nghien cuu cong phu danh gia thuc trang cac qui dinh cua phap luat vh quan he lao dong cung nhu qua trinh ap dung luat thuc tien va chi dugc nhimg uu, nhugc diem, nguyen nhan ciia nhung han che qui pham phap luat lao dong Dong thai, De tai dua nhung nhan xet chung ve thuc tien ap dung phap luat ve quan he lao dong, hoat dong ciia cac ca quan quan ly nha nuac ve lao dong, gop phan xay dung va hoan thien he thong phap luat noi chung va phap luat ve quan he lao dong noi rieng qua trinh xay dung nha nuac phap quyen xa hoi chu nghia a Viet Nam Muc tieu D^ tai xay dung ca so ly luan ve quan he lao dong va hoan thien phap luat ve quan he lao dong a Viet Nam Ngoai ra, de tai danh gia thuc trang phap luat ve quan he lao dong a Viet Nam de tu dua cac giai phap nham hoan thien he thong cac qui dinh ciia phap luat \h quan he lao dong a nuac ta dual hai goc do: dieu chinh phap luat va ap dung phap luat - Mot la, nghien cuu, lam sang to mot s6 van de ly luan ca ban ve quan he lao f -1 > ^ > dong, nhu: Cac each tiep can, quan niem hien nay, chu the, dac diem, dieu kien ton tai va phat triln, yeu chx cua viec dieu chinh phap luat - Hai la, nghien cuu, tham khao cac cong uoc, khuyen nghi co lien quan cua ILO, qui dinh cua phap luat mot s6 nuac vl quan he lao dong lam ca sa cho viec hoan thien phap luat ve quan he lao dong a Viet Nam - Ba la, nghien cuu va danh gia thuc trang phap luat ve quan he lao dong a Viet Nam, chi nhimg noi dung han che, thieu sot, chua phu hap, tir luan giai ve nhu c4u hoan thien cac qui dinh cua phap luat ve quan he lao dong a Viet Nam - B6n la, tren ca sa cac vSn de ly luan va thuc tien neu tren, dl tai dua phuang huong hoan thien phap luat vl quan he lao dong thai gian tai T6ng quan tinh hinh nf^hien cifu cua de tai: Ngoai nuac: Chua co bit ky mot cong trinh chuyen khao nao dl cap din viec nghien cuu ly luan va thuc tiln ap dung phu hop vai tinh hinh a Viet Nam hien thuoc linh vuc cua dh tai Trong nicac: da co mot s6 cong trinh nghien cuu &h cap din noi dung ciia phap luat quan he lao dong nhu: - Dai hoc Luat Ha Noi, Hoi thdo khoa hoc cap truang: Danh gia 14 nam thuc hien Bo lugt lao dong - Hoi thdo cua vu phdp che - Bo LD-TB vd XH: Danh gia thuc hien BLLD vd nhung yeu cau sua doi thai gian tai nam 2008: - Hoi thdo cua Uy ban cdc vdn di xa hoi cua Qudc hoi vi: Nghien cuu sua dSi, bo sung hodn thien phdp lugt ve quan he lao dong vd hodn thien ca chi phoi hop giua Nhd nuac, chu doanh nghiep vd cong dodn - Hoi thdo tham vdn khung chinh sdch theo huong hai hoa giita an ninh va linh hogt thi trucmg lao dong cua ILO vd Bo LDTBXH (Molisa) Co the thay cac cong trinh co doi tugng nghien cuu rieng, hoac la toan bo noi dung cua Bo luat Lao dong, hoac nghien cuu quan he lao dong chu ylu duoi goc khuyen nghi hoan thien ca che phoi hop giiia Nha nuac, chu doanh nghiep va cong doan (ca che ba ben), hoac nghien cuu chinh sach ap dung cho thi truang lao dong nuac ta, ma khong nghien curu mot each toan dien, co he thong ca ve mat ly luan va thuc tien ve quan he lao dong va phuang huong hoan thien phap luat ve quan he lao dong a Viet Nam Cac cong trinh khoa hoc c6 lien quan (nhu da neu tren) deu co muc tieu, noi dung nghien cuu va phuang phap tiep can khac vai de tai Do do, CO the khang dinh rang, de tai khong co su trung lap vai ly hoan toan CO can cu, xac dang va bao dam tinh thuyet phuc Bo cue Nhdm noi dung 1: ''Ly luan ve quan he lao dong vd dieu chinh phdp lugt doi vai quan he lao dong ca che kinh te thi truang a Viet Nam " Chuang Ly luan v^ quan he lao dong va quan he phap luat lao dong nen kinh te thi truang Chuang Quan he lao dong a Viet Nam - Hien tai va tuang lai va nhung yeu cau dat viec dieu chinh phap luat lao dong a Viet Nam Nhdm noi dung 2: ''Kinh nghiem quoc ti viec dieu chinh phdp lugt doi vai quan he lao dong vd nhrmg vdn de dat cho Viet Nam" Chuang Quan diem ciia T6 chuc lao dong qu6c tS (ILO) va quy dinh ciia mot so nuac ve quan he lao dong ca che kmh tS thi truang va nhiing van de dat viec dieu chinh phap luat doi vai quan he lao dong a Viet Nam Chuang Phap luat quan ly nha nuac ve quan he lao dong - Thuc trang va huong hoan thien Nhdm noi dung 3: "Thuc trgng phdp lugt ve quan he lao dong a Viet Nam vd phuang huong hoan thien'* Chuang Thiet lap, tri va cham dut quan he lao dong theo phap luat lao dong Viet Nam Chuang Phap luat ve dai dien nguoi lao dong va dai dien nguai su dung lao dong-Thuc trang va khuyen nghi Chuang Phap luat ve co che phoi hop giiia nha nuac vai dai dien nguai lao dong va nguai su dung lao dong viec giai quyet cac van de co lien quan den quan he lao dong - Thuc trang va khuyen nghi Chuang Phap luat ve giai quyet tranh chap lao dong va dinh cong quan he lao dong - Thuc trang va phuang huong hoan thien Cach tiep can, phuong phap nghien cuu, ky thuat su' dung Cdch tiep can vdn di: KSt hgp viec nghian cuu nhirng tuu ly luan hien dai ciia cac chuyen nganh KHXH (nhu: ink hoc, x6 hoi hoc, lich su va nhiJng quan digm duong loi, chii truang ciia Dang, Nha nuac ve quan he lao dong v.v ) ciing nhu cac chuyen nganh khoa hoc phap luat lao dong ciia the giai va ciia Viet Nam vai viec phan tich thuc tien phap luat ve quan he lao dong nuac de dua su phan tich khoa hoc, luan chung va lam sang to nhimg van d6 ly luan dugc dg cap 6k tai Phuang phdp nghien cuv: Dua tren ca sa ly luan cua Chu nghTa Mac-Lenin va cac phuang phap nghien cuu dac thu cua khoa hoc phap ly nhu: - Phuang phap luan cua triSt hoc bien chung vat Mac-Lenin Phuang phap lich su (Khao cuu cac tai lieu va cac nguon su lieu khac xn HOI ISSN 0866-7643 CO QUAN THONG TIN LY LUAN N G H | £ P VU BO LAO DONG -THUONG BINH VA XA H^ LABOUR A N D S O C I A L A F F A I R S REVIEW ' / • ; "'•r' ' / * •> ' I n -i^.j mx ^^- '4 Vkl •^siWa*"*.^' t > ' f :r^i?^.v.4y - 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Hoai Thu Khoa lugt - DHQGHN T o chdc dai dien cua ngudi sd dung lao ddng (NSDLD) ho lien ket lap de thuc hien chdc nang dai dien va bao ve quyen Iqi hap phap cua ngudi sd dung lao ddng quan he lao ddng (Dieu 10 Cdng Udc so 87 nam 1948 ve quyen tU lien ket va viec bao ve quyen duqc to chdc cua To chdc Lao ddng Quoc te - ILO) Sdc ep t d phong trao dau tranh gianh quyen Iqi cua ngudi lao ddng, tang cudng quyen luc, toi da hda Iqi ich va yeu cau cua quan he doi ngoai la nhdng ly thuc bach su ddi cua cac to chdc dai dien NSDLD Ngay nay, viec lap to chdc dai dien cua NSDLD la ket qua thUc hien quyen tU lien ket - mdt nhdng tieu chuan lao ddng quoc te quan bac nhat cua ILO Theo Dieu Cdng Udc so 87, nhdng NSDLD, khdng phan biet, deu khdng phai xin phep trudc ma van cd quyen hop nhung to chdc theo sU lua chon cua minh, cd quyen gia nhap cac to chdc dd vdi dieu kien la theo dung dieu le cua to chdc hdu quan Trong pham vi mot quoc gia, NSDLD cd the lap nen mot to chdc dai dien nhat hoac nhieu to chdc khac d t a m khu vuc va quoc te, to ehuc dai dien cua NSDLD cd quyen gia nhap to chdc dai dien gidi chu cua khu vUc va quoc te To chdc dai dien cua NSDLD ddng vai trd la cau noi NSDLD vdi ngUdi lao ddng va Nha nude; cung dai dien cua Nha nude va ngUdi lao ddng quyet djnh hoac cung dai dien eua ngUdi lao ddng t u van cho Nha nude xay dUng chinh sach, phap luat lao ddng, xay dung ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua qudc gia, nganh, vung ; phoi hop vdi dai dien cua Nha nude va ngudi lao ddng to chdc thUc hien chinh sach, phap luat, ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hdi va giai quyet cac van de phat sinh; eung dai dien cua ngudi lao dong xay dung quan he lao ddng lanh manh, mdi trudng lao dong hai hda, on djnh nude ta, vai trd ciia to chdc dai dien NSDLD chi thuc su duac quan tam Nha nUdc m d rong quan he hop tac kinh te vdi cac quoc gia khu vUe va tren the gidi Tuy nhien, cho den Viet Nam van Cdn tra l&n nhdt doi v&i ngu&i sir dung lao dong Id chua CO hiep hgi chung hoac to chuc co khd ndng "dgi dien nhdt" cho minh chUa cd to chdc dai dien cho gidi sd dung lao ddng theo dung nghia cua nd, ma ehi cd cac to chdc dai dien cho cac doanh nghiep, cac thuang nhan, nhU: Phdng Thuang mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam (VCCI), Lien minh cac Hop tac xa Viet Nam (VCA), Hiep hdi cac Doanh nhiep nhd va v(Ja Viet Nam (VINASME), Hdi Cdng ky nghe gia Hd Chi Minh, Hoi Thuang gia Can Tho, Cau lac bd doanh nghiep, Hiep hoi cac doanh nghiep cd vdn dau tU nude ngoai tai Viet Nam Trudc yeu cau phai cd cac dau mdi dai dien cho gidi sd dung lao ddng de tham gia cac quan he "ddi tac xa hdi" giai quyet cac van de thudc mdi quan he lao dong, vi Iqi ich eua ngUdi lao ddng, NSDLD va lai ich chung cua xa hdi, Nha nUde ta da chon VCA (thanh lap nam 1993), VCCI (thanh lap nam 1963 vdi tucach la mdt to chdc thuoc Bq Thuong mai den nam 1993, tach mot to chdc ddc lap, phi chinh phu, phi Iqi nhuan, cd tUcach phap nhan va tU chu ve tai ehinh) va VINASME (thanh lap nam 2005) lam dau mdi cho gidi sd dung lao ddng Nam 1994, Chinh phu Viet Nam da chon VCA la to chdc dau tien lam dai dien eho NSDLD tham gia cac mdi quan he vdi dai dien Nha nude va ngudi lao TAP CHI LAO D O N G VA XA H O I - 36 429 (tir 16-30/4/2012) dong Tuy nhien, cung vdi su phat trien nhanh chdng cua nen kinh te - xa hoi, cac doanh nghiep va hiep hdi doanh nghiep d Viet Nam cung phat trien manh me c i ve so luqng va chat lUOng Vi vay, VCA nhanh chdng the hien su han che vai trd dai dien nhat (chinh thdc) cua NSDLD c i ve pham vi va chat luqng Trudc tinh hinh nay, xet thay VCCI cd Uu diem la to chdc dai dien cho ddng dao cac doanh nghiep thudc cac phan kinh te, duqc sU khuyen nghj cua ILO, thang 5/1998, Chinh phu Viet Nam tiep tuc chon VCCI lam dau moi de thay mat cac doanh nghiep tham gia y kien vao cac van ban quy pham phap luat Gan day nhat, thang 5/2007, Nha nude tiep tuc thda nhan VINASME tham gia vditucach la vien cua Uy ban quan he lao ddng Trong nhdng nam gan day, bang no lUc cua minh va duqc Chinh phu thda nhan, VCCI da khang djnh duqc vj tri quan trpng viec thUe hien vai trd dai dien eho gidi sd dung lao ddng, dac biet la xay dUng chinh sach, phap luat lao ddng, phdi hop giai quyet cac van de phat sinh nham xay dung quan he lao ddng lanh manh Thang 5/1997, Van phdng dai dien NSDLD da duqc lap vdi tU each la dan vj chuyen mdn tham muu eho lanh dao VCCI ve cac van de lao ddng, ddng thdi tri quan he ba ben ve lao ddng vdi cac ddi tac xa hoi nhu Bd Lao ddng - Thuang binh va Xa hdi, Tong Lien doan lao ddng Viet Nam Vai trd dai dien gidi sddung lao ddng eua VCCI the hien qua viee thUe hien cac chdc nang va nhiem vu cua minh, bao gdm: - Xuc tien, thuc day chdc nang dai dien cho NSDLD d Viet Nam -Tham gia cache ba ben cung dai dien ngUdi lao ddng (Tong Lien doan lao ddng Viet Nam) va Chfnh phu ( Bd Lao ddng - Thuang binh va Xa hdi) -Tao mdi trudng ehinh sach thuan Iqi cho NSDLD va cdng ddng doanh nghiep, phan anh y kien cua gidi sddung lao ddng cac chinh sach eua Chinh phu, bao ve Iqi ich hop phap cua NSDLD d Viet Nam De thUe hien cac chdc nang neu tren, dai dien gidi sd dung lao ddng xac djnh cho minh nhdng nhiem vu cu the d cap qudc gia, cap tinh, phd, cap nganh va cap doanh nghiep cap qudc gia, dai dien gidi sd dung lao ddng thUe hien cac nhiem vu: Xay dung hinh anh tdt dep cua NSDLD, gay anh hudng mdt each tich cue den chinh sach, phap luat cua Nha nude cac van ban phap luat ve cac van de lao ddng, xa hdi doanh nghiep theo hudng cd Iqi cho qua trinh phat trien doanh nghiep;Tuvan eho Chinh phu ve cac van de lao ddng quoc te va tinh hinh eua gidi sddung lao ddng khu vUe va the gidi cung nhu Viet Nam; Phoi hqp vdi Tong Lien doan lao ddng Viet Nam xay dung quan he lao ddng (chu - thq) hai hda d Viet Nam cap tinh, t h i n h pho, dai dien gidi sd dung lao ddng thuc hien cac nhiem vu: Thuc day qua trinh hinh va phat trien to chdc dai dien cho NSDLD d cap dja phuang; nang cao nhan thdc ve nhiem vu dai dien cho NSDLD d cac hiep hdi chuyen nganh; xay dung mang ludi cac to chdc dai dien NSDLD d dja phuang O cap nganh, dai dien gidi sd dung lao ddng ho trq dao tao chu sd dung lao ddng eho cac nganh nghe nhU: ndng nghiep, ndng trUdng, trang trai, lao ddng khu vUc phi ket cau; cdng nghiep khai khoang, xay dung, giao thdng, dac biet tau bien thuyen vien, lao ddng nganh thuy hai san; dich vu ngan hang, tai chinh, du Ijch d cap doanh nghiep, dai dien gidi sddung lao ddng phan anh nguyen vong cua NSDLD va b i o ve quyen loi chinh dang cua chu sd dung lao ddng cac dien dan vdi Chinh phu va Tong Lien doan Lao ddng Viet Nam cung nhu tren dien dan khu vUc va qudc te; cung dng dich vu dao tao va tU van cho cac doanh nghiep ve: Luat Lao ddng, cac phuong phap phdng ngda tranh chap lao ddng va dinh cdng, xay dung thang luong, bang luong, luong tdi thieu, quyen va nghia vu cua chu sd dung lao ddng cdng tac an toan ve sinh lao ddng, sue khde eua ngUdi lao ddng, HIV/AIDS, quyen va nghia vu eua chu sd dung lao ddng cdng tac bao hiem xa hdi va phuc Iqi xa hdi, quyen va nghia vu cua chu sd dung lao ddng cac van de ve lao ddng nd va lao dong tre em, phat trien doanh nghiep cue nhd de tao viee lam cho xa hdi, tieu chuan lao ddng cua cac nUde khu vUc va the gidi, cac cdng Udc qudc te ve lao ddng, eon ngUdi va nang suat lao ddng, trach nhiem xa hdi cua doanh nghiep Hien nay, can trd Idn nhat ve phia NSDLD la chUa cd hiep hdi chung hoac to chdc cd kha nang "dai dien nhat"ehominh Ben canh dd, phap luat eua Nha nude eung ehUa cd quy dinh eu the ve vj tri, vai trd eua to chdc dai dien NSDLD Vi vay, de phat huy vai trd eua dai dien NSDLD thi thdi gian tdi nghien cdu, xay dung Bq luat Lao ddng sda doi vao, Nha nUde can cd nhdng quy dinh cu the ve vj tri, vai trd eua to chdc dai dien NSDLD Ban than cac to chdc dUoc lua ehpn lam dai dien eho NSDLD can no lUc han nUa de phat huy vai trd eua minh, dac biet la cac to chdc can tinh den phuang an lap hiep hdi chung cua gidi sd dung lao ddng Cd nhu vay, ho mdi "du manh" de tham gia eung dai dien cua Nha nUdc va dai dien ngUdi lao ddng giai quyet eac "cdng viee chung" lien quan den Iqi ich eua ba ben, t u d d bao ve duoe Iqi leh eua gidi minh • TAP CHI LAO D O N G VA XA H O I - So 429 (tCr 16-30/4/2012) msieiS^^^^li xn HOI oOc L i p IM ISSN 0866-7643 ^ ^ ^ CO QUAN THONG TIN LY LUAN NGHIEP Vg C BO LAO DONG -THIKTNG BINH VA XA HOl LABOUR A N D SOCIAL A F F A I R S R E V I E W S6 43t iif ie^tH/S/2012 ~iz •.^^nriBiL! OANG CONG SAN UANG VINH MUON NAM -? ? liiiiffiiaui V.^ kitii9PTinru L ia>AL_ i: atei •rF- mim 'A ^ 'i • I* •V Quoc hoi thao luan DU an Bo luat Lao ddnglsita doi): Cof ban nhat tri nhieuM dung qwnt'png pamhWIetNam TRONG QUAN Hi LAO DONG PGS.TS Le Th| Hoai Thu Khoa Lugt - Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Ngi T O chdc dai dien cda ngudi lao dong nhdng ngudi lao ddng lap nen tren ca sd nguyen tac tU do, tU nguyen, khdng trai phap luat vdi chdc nang chu yeu la dai dien, bao ve quyen Iqi hqp phap cua ho Su ddi cua to chdc la ket qua cua phong trao dau tranh cua cdng nhan, khdi ngudn td cac qudc gia Chau Au vao the ky XIX ddng thdi vdi cuoc each mang ky nghe, ngudi lao ddng cd nhu cau duqc bao ve trudc sdc manh cua ngudi sd dung lao ddng va tU y thdc duqc gia tri cua sdc manh tap the So vdi to chdc dai dien cua ngudi sd dung lao ddng, to chdc dai dien cua ngudi lao ddng ddi sdm han va nhan duqc sUchu y nhieu han cua cac gidi xa hpi Td ILO ddi, viec lap, gia nhap, hoat ddng to chdc cua minh cung la mot noi dung quyen tU lien ket cua ngudi lao ddng duqc quy dinh tai Cdng Udc sd 87 cua to chdc To chdc dai dien cua ngUdi lao ddng ddng vai trd la cau noi giUa ngudi lao ddng vdi ngudi sddung lao dong va Nha nude; cung vdi dai dien cua Nha nude va ngUdi sd dung lao ddng quyet dinh hoac cung dai dien cua ngudi sddung lao dong tU van cho Nha nude xay dung chinh sach phap luat Dgi dien to chuc cong dodn vd ngir&i su dung lao dong ky' ket thoa u&c lao dong tap the lao ddng, xay dung ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cua qudc gia, vung, nganh ; phdi hqp vdi dai dien eua Nha nUdc cua ngUdi sd dung lao ddng to chdc thUe hien chinh sach, phap luat, ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hdi va giai quyet cac van de phat sinh; cung dai dien cua ngUdi sd dung lao ddng xay dUng quan he lao ddng lanh manh, mdi trUdng lao ddng hai hda, on dinh CJ Viet Nam, to chdc Cdng doan - dai dien cho ngudi lao ddng xuat hien td nhdng nam dau eua the ki XX va chinh thuc duqc lap nam 1929 Con dudng ddi eua Cdng doan AP CHI LAO O O N G VA XA HOI - So 431 (tu 16-31/5/2012) Viet Nam cung khdng nam ngoai quy luat chung so vdi cac nghiep doan cdng nhan cac qudc gia khac tren the gidi Cho den nam 1965, Cdng doan van la to chdc nhat dai dien cho ngUdi lao ddng Viet Nam pham vi ca nude Td nam 1965 den 1975, hoan canh dat nude bi chia cat hai mien bdi cude khang chien chdng My, ngUdi lao ddng lam thue vung chien sU phai lam viee dUdi sU dieu chinh cua mot he thdng phap luat khac (Bd luat Lao ddng Viet Nam cdng hoa) va dudi quyen cda nhdng nguoi sd dung lao ddng khdng phai la Nha nUdc Viet Nam, vi vay d mien Nam da hinh cac to chdc khac dai dien, dau tranh bSo ve quyen Iqi cho ngudi lao dong, nhU: Hpi lao dong giai phdng, Cdng doan g i i i phdng thudc Lien hiep cdng doan g i i i phdng mien Nam Trong suot thdi ky nay, Tong cdng d o i n Viet Nam ludn g i d moi quan he chat che vdi Hpi lao ddng g i i i phdng va Lien hiep cdng doan g i i i phdng mien Nam Sau g i i i phdng mien Nam, 06/06/1976, Hpi nghi thong nhat cdng doan toan quoc duqc to chdc tai Ho Chi Minh da thong nhat cac to chdc dai dien ngudi lao ddng Viet Nam mot to chdc nhat lay ten la Tong Cdng doan lao ddng Viet Nam, Oen nam 1988, Tong Cdng doan Viet Nam duqc doi ten Tong Lien doan lao ddng Viet Nam Ke t d Nha nUdc ta chuyen doi ca che q u i n ly kinh te, Cdng doan Viet Nam cang m d rong pham vi hoat ddng va dan trd to chdc dai dien cho toan the ngudi lao ddng Viet Nam c i khu vUc Nha nude va ngoai Nha nude Td lap den nay, Cdng doan Viet Nam ludn CO gang thuc hien chdc nang dai dien, b i o ve ngUdi lao ddng va cac chdc nang khac cua minh Ngoai t r d viec to chdc va lanh dao d'inh cdng, cdn tat ca cac ITnh vUe khac, Cdng doan la to chdc nhat dai dien cho ngudi lao ddng tham gia vdi dai dien cua Nha nude va dai dien cua ngudi s d d u n g lao ddng g i i i quyet cac van de thudc moi quan he lao ddng Nhu vay, Cdng doan Viet Nam khdng p h i i "canh tranh" vdi bat cd to chdc nao khac de cd CO hdi the hien vai trd cua minh doi vdi ngudi lao ddng va doi vdi tien trinh phat trien kinh te, on dinh chinh trj va tien bd xa hdi d Viet Nam Od cd the coi la mdt Iqi the, dong thdi la mot thach thdc Idn doi vdi to chdc boi c i n h hien va nhdng nam tdi Lieu cd the "vucft qua chinh minh" de "tU k h i n g dinh minh"la to chdc nhat dai dien cho ngudi lao ddng dang la cau hdi Idn doi vdi to chdc cdng doan Vdi viec thuc hien chdc nang dai dien, bao ve quyen Iqi hqp phap, chinh dang cua ngudi lao ddng, tham gia q u i n ly va van ddng, giao due ngudi lao ddng, Cdng doan Viet Nam da, dang va se thUc hien duqc vai trd cua minh ddi song lao ddng - xa hdi Tuy nhien, cho den van cdn nhdng c i n t r d khdng nhd t d cd che, chinh sach cung n h u t d chinh b i n than to chdc cdng doan Trong moi quan he vdi Nha nude va gidi sd dung lao ddng, Cdng doan Viet Nam chUa doe lap ve phuang dien kinh te (cdn sd dung ngudn kinh phi Idn t d gidi sd dung lao ddng va ngan sach Nha nude, can bq cdng doan ca sd tuyet dai da so la ngUdi lao ddng hudng luang cua ngUdi sd dung lao ddng ) Trong co che kinh te ke hoach hda tap trung, vai trd cua ngUdi lao ddng va ngUdi sd dung lao d d n g (hay ndi dung han vai trd eua ngudi lao ddng va Nha nude) la ddng nhat thi each lam la phu hqp Nguqe lai, CO che kinh te thi trUdng, Nha nUdc, ngUdi lao ddng va ngUdi sd d u n g lao ddng ddng vai trd khac tren thi trUdng lao ddng va quan he lao ddng thi each lam lai n i y sinh nhdng van de khdng thuan Iqi cho to chdc cdng doan Tu cho le thudc ve kinh te, Cdng doan rat khd hoac khdng the ddc lap thuc su ve phuang dien to chdc Day cd the coi la c i n trd Idn nhat cho viec thUc hien chdc nang dai dien, b i o ve ngudi lao ddng cua to chdc Den luat minh, he thong to chdc ndi tai cua Cdng doan chua thuc su hqp ly de cd the thuc hien tot nhat chdc nang, nhiem vu cua minh Ndi dung va phuang phap hoat ddng, nhat la cdng doan cap ca sd - nai thuc hien thudng xuyen v i chu yeu nhat chdc nang trung tam cua cdng doan ( b i o ve ngudi lao ddng), chua thuc su doi mdi de cd the theo kip nhu cau cua ddi song xa hdi Ngoai ra, chat luqng cua dpi ngu can bd lam cdng tac cdng doan, nhat la can bq cdng doan ca sd, chua dap dng duqc yeu cau thUc te dang dat cung la c i n trd khdng nhd doi vdi to chdc Oe tdng budc giai quyet tinh trang nay, can nghien cdu to chdc lai he thong Cdng doan Viet Nam theo hudng gon nhe han ve to chdc va dan g i i n han ve cac mdi quan he gida cac cap Trong dd can chd phat trien mang ludi to chdc cd the thuc hien true tiep va tot nhat chdc nang cua cdng doan Phat trien so luqng doan vien cdng doan khu vUc kinh te ngoai qudc doanh, tang cUdng can bd chuyen trach cho cdng doan CO sd, nang cao chat luqng can bq cdng doan, cd ca che b i o ve can bd cdng doan di ddi vdi viec nang cao chat luqng hoat ddng cua cdng doan cap ca sd can duqc xac dinh la nhdng viee phai thue hien thudng xuyen d tam chien luqc, Cdng doan Viet Nam can nghien cdu va tdng budc thue hien cac giai phap ve tai chinh de giam dan va tien tdi thoat khdi sU phu thudc ve kinh te vao ngan sach Nha nUde va ngudi sd dung lao ddng • TAP CHI LAO O O N G V A XA H O I - So 431 ( t u 16 - 31/5/2012) NGHIEN CUU VAN PHONG QUOC HOI ^ ^ X ISSN 1859-2953 www.nclp.org.vn So 4(212)/Thang 2/2012 BANVEDIJANLUAT ^M NHl/NG VAN DE DAT RA TRI/0C THI/C TRANG LAODONG bl CI/TRONG N l / k • LETHIHOAITHU^ Lao dong di ci/ (LDDC) la mot hien tuang kinh te - xa hoi phiifc tap, la mot thUc te khich quan va da trcf mot xu hUdng, mot van de co tinh quy luat LODC b Viet Nam chu yeu dien dudi hai hinh thdc: LODC ni/dc (td nong thon thi va cac khu cong nghiep (KCN), td vung, mien sang vung, mien khac); LODC td Viet Nam sang ni/dc khac SUchuyen djch lao dong thong qua di cUla mot tiem nang quan gop phan lam giam siJc ep lao dong viec lam cf nong thon, tao nguon thu nhap, gop phan on djnh xa hoi Ben canh nhdng dong gop nhat dinh doi vcfi qua trmh phat trien dat nUcrc, sU ton tai mot ILTC li/cfng LODC da vu'oft qua sdc "cung" cua cac pho, KCN dang lam sinh nhUng thach thdc mdi rat phdc tap hoach dinh chinh sach, quan ly xa hoi, kinh te doi noi, doi ngoai va he thong phap luat cf nudcta hien Su ghi nhan p h a p ly d o i vdi lao d o n g di cU 7.7 Cdc Cong Udc cua Lien hiep quoc va To chUc lao dgng quoc te lien quan den lao dgng di cW Trong he thdng dieu udc qudc te ve quyen ngudi cua Lien hiep qudc (LHQ) Cdng udc qudc tl ve bao ve cac quyen cua tat ca nhiJng ngudi LDDC va vien gia dinh ho (1990j dugc coi la dieu udc qudc te true tiep va hoan thien nhat ve quyen cua LDDC Vdi 24 dieu (tu Dieu den Dieu 32), Cdng udc da ghi nhan nhung quyen tu ca ban cua ngudi can phai dam bao cho moi ngudi LDDC va cac vien gia dinh ho (thuoc ca hai dang hgp phap va bat hgp phap), bao gdm: quyln song (Dieu 9); quyen dugc bao ve su rieng tu (Dieu 14); quyen dugc nhan su cham sdc y te khan cap can thiet tren ca sd ddi xu binh dang nhu cac cdng dan cua qudc gia lien quan (Dieu 28); quyen dugc doi xir binh dang nhu cac cdng dan cua qudc gia nai co viec lam lien quan den van de thu lao va nhu'ng dilu kien lam viec, tuyen dung khac (Dilu 25); quyln hudng an sinh xa hoi tuang tu nhu muc danh cho nhung cdng dan sd tai chung muc la hg dap ung dugc nhung yeu cau quy dinh phap luat quoc gia cac dieu u'dc song va da phucmg (Dieu 27) Trong he thong cac van kien phap ly To chuc Lao dgng quoc te (ILO) thdng qua tu IruxVc den co kha nhieu \ an kien dôĐ cap den vice bao ve n^udi LDDC, dd cd hai (*} PGSJS Khoa Luat, Dgi hpc Quoc gia Ha Not „ X _ S(3 3(211) I N C I I I L N d l I \ r P H A r | cong uac quan nhat la Cdng uac sd 97 ve LDDC vl viec lam (sua doi nam 1949), Cdng udc so 143 (1975) ve ngudi LDDC hoan canh bi lam dung va ve viec thuc day ca hoi va su ddi xu binh dang vai ngudi LDDC (cac quy djnh bd sung) Hai cong udc khang djnh, ngudi LDDC dugc doi xu binh dang vai ngudi lao dong (NLD) ban dia, dugc hudrng cac dieu kien lao dgng; cac che ve an sinh xa hgi, ve giao due Phan I cua Cong udc 97 de cap den viec ho trg va bao ve ngudi LDDC, cu the: cac qudc gia cd nghTa vu cung cap cac thdng tin lien quan mgt each mien phi cho ngudi LDDC (Dieu 2); hd trg viec di lai va tiep nhan LDDC (Dieu 4); tri va cung cap cac dich vu thich dang va mien phi de hd trg nhCrng ngudi di cu vi viec lam (Dieu 2), dd bao gdm djch vu y te va dieu kien sinh hoat ve sinh ca di va den, ca vdi NLD di tru va vdi nhixng vien gia dinh hg di kem (Dieu 4, Dieu 5); djch vu viec lam (Dieu 7) Cd the thay, Cdng udc 97 de cap den viec ddi xu binh dang vdi ngudi LDDC, cu the, cac qudc gia vien cd cac nghTa vu: Ap dung che ddi xu qudc gia vdi ngudi LDDC (Dieu 6) Cac qudc gia vien cua Cdng udc phai ap dung vdi mgi ngudi di cu hgp phap vao lanh thd nude minh mgt su ddi xu d muc khdng kem hon su ddi xu vdi cdng dan cua nude minh cac van de ve hanh chinh, cac quy dinh ve tien cdng, thdi gid lam viec va nghi ngai, tuoi tdi thieu va cac khia canh khac quan he lao dgng, ke ca viec gia nhap cac cdng doan va thda uac tap the, cac van de ve noi d, an sinh xa hgi, thue va thu tuc td tung Nhin chung, cac nd luc va van kien qudc te tren ITnh vuc tap trung vao ba khia canh ca ban la: Quy dinh ve bao ve cac quyen cua ngudi LDDC (ma tieu bieu la Cdng udc cua LHQ vl quyln cua LDDC va gia dinh hg); Ho trg viec lam va bao ve ngudi LDDC nhung hoan canh bj ngugc dai (ma tieu bieu la cac Cdng udc so 97, Cdng udc sd 143 cua ILO va bao gdm mgt phan Cdng udc cua LHQ vl quyln cua ngudi LDDC va gia dinh hg); Ngan chan tinh trang budn ban ngudi nhap cu INGHIEN CifV LAP PHAP| S6 3