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Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh B1 Reading Locating referentsA. IntroductionB. Main content1. Do you know?a. Overview of referentsb. Question types of Locating referentsc. How to answer Locating referents questions2. PracticingC. Conclusion
Locating Referents -HPU- Table of Contents A INTRODUCTION B MAIN CONTENT I Do you know ? Overview of “referent”: 2 Question types and How to answer: II Practice C CONCLUSION REFERENCES Locating Referents -HPU- A.INTRODUCTION English level B1 is the third level of English in the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), a definition of different language levels written by the Council of Europe In informal language, level B1is called “intermediate” It corresponds to independent users of the language, those who have the necessary fluency to communicate without effort with native speakers The English level B1 exam is organized and certified by Cambridge University It has four skills but it is divided into three tests which take approximately 135 minutes Part is about reading and writing and it takes up to 90 minutes Part is listening skill and it takes up to 35 minutes Part is speaking skill and it takes about 10 to 12 minutes Therein, comprehending what is written is called reading skill This is a crucial and arduous skill when learning English, even indigenous people are not sure to master it Reading section assesses your ability to refine specific information from your lessons as well as your understanding of the general idea of them Just having knowledge is not enough, besides that you need to have some tips when completing the reading test Some common types of questions in reading test level B1 are: main idea, sentence completion, choose a title, classification, scanning and identify location of information, locating referents, etc,… In particular, locating referents is a effortless type of question to get scores in reading Therefore, you should research and practice this type of question to get scores when you catch it in the test Therefore, Group – Class K6B decided to about the “Locating Referents” so that we can introduce in a concise manner to easily understand about this question type in Reading test Locating Referents -HPU- B MAIN CONTENT I Do you know ? Overview of “referent”: Approximately five items on the TOEFL and B1 will test your ability to locate words and phrases that are the referents of pronouns and other words Definition: Referent words (từ tham chiếu) are words in a passage that other words refer to Pronouns such as they and it have noun referent; the referents are the nouns that are replaced by the pronouns Words such as that, these, and some also have referents The referents are other words or phrases appearing in the same passage Usually, the referent is mentioned before the referring word in the passage, often immediately before it, but sometimes the referent appears later The referent may be in the same sentence or in another sentence Look at some examples The referent for each underlined word is shown in bold: The plants are watered continuously they are more susceptible in water supply The athletes are healthier and more attuned to their overall well-being than non-athletes are You are asked a few critical questions among the neutral ones Some words that have referents are: Subject Pronouns he she it they Object Pronouns him her it them Possessive Adjective his her its their Possessive Pronouns his her its theirs Locating Referents -HPU- Demonstratives this that these those Indefinite Pronouns all another any both each many most none one others several some Question types and How to answer: The most common type of referent question on the TOEFL and B1 asks you to locate the referent of a pronoun or possessive adjective However, sometimes you must identify the referent of a specified term or phrase Look at the underlined phrase in the following passage: Like the gray and fox squirrels, the Eastern chipmunk often feeds on acorns and hickory nuts Essentially a ground species, this pert rodent foes not hesitate to climb oak trees when the acorns are ripe Answer: This pert rodent refers to the Eastern chipmunk, which is the subject of both sentences in the passage a Frequently asked questions: The word in line refers to The phrase _in line refers to Locating Referents -HPU- b How to answer: Referent words usually refer to words or phrases in the previous sentences or in the sentence itself that contains referent word underlined or bold But sometime words or phrases appear after it Read the questions and options given Quickly scan and carefully read sentences that contain underlined or bold words and the previous sentence and then look for the words or phrases listed in the answer options Eliminate certainly false answers Use both the function and the meaning of the referring words and referents to determine the correct answer to referent question on the TOEFL and B1 Check to see if your answer choice is correct by putting it in the sentence If the both the structure and the meaning of the sentence still make sense, your answer is correct Look at these examples: With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas, as old habitats grow too warm In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts Species that find cities or farmland blocking their way north or south may become extinct Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar especially at and mountaintop regions are risk because migration to new habitats is not possible For example, polar bears and already marine mammals in the Arctic are threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther to go The pronoun “those” in line refers to _ A species B ecosystems C habitats D areas Locating Referents -HPU- The correct answer is (A), species, the information in lines – “Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar especially at and mountaintop regions are risk because migration to new habitats is not possible.” You can check the answer by replacing those with species in the sentence The phrase “dwindling sea ice” in the last line refers to A the frozen water in the Arctic B the violent Arctic Ocean C the melting ice in the Arctic D the cold ice in the Arctic The correct answer is (C), the melting ice in the Arctic, found in the last sentence Dwindling sea ice đốn tình giảm dần băng biển Bắc cực ảnh hưởng sức nóng lên tồn cầu This question needs to stick to the sentence containing the phrase, briefly translate and choose the answer II Practice Exercise: Read the following passages and choose the one best answer to each question Question 1: When you raise vegetables, you become acutely aware of the sun, rain, and most of all the life–giving soil You work with these natural elements and sometimes battle them to produce nutritious food for your table Success bring an age–old satisfaction that goes back to the days when there were no supermarkets The rhythm of sowing, growing, and harvesting can be just as valuable to your well–being as the vitamin – and mineral–rich harvest you eat, freeze, or can The phrase “these natural elements” in line refers to: A Vegetables B Sun, rain, and soil Locating Referents -HPU- C Sowing, growing, and harvesting D Vitamins and minerals The correct answer is (B), sun, rain and soil, because the information in the first line: “When you raise vegetables, you become acutely aware of the sun, rain, and most of all the life–giving soil”, we see that only sun, rain, soil is natural Question 2: Little Penguins are the smallest of the 17 species of penguins They are only about 33cm tall This is in contrast to the Emperor Penguin, their largest Antarctic Cousin, which stands up to 130cm tall Little Penguins used to be called Fairy Penguins Now the name Little Penguin is used because it is a more accurate translation of their scientific name, Eudyptula minor What does the phrase “their largest Antarctic cousin” refers to? A Thick feathers B A main predator C A scientific name D A related species The correct answer is (D), a related species: loài động vật liên quan In lines 2-3: “This is in contrast to the Emperor Penguin, their largest Antarctic Cousin, which stands up to 130cm tall”, their largest Antarctic cousin is to shorten the relative clause by noun.→ That phrase replaces the Emperor penguin Question 3: For animals other than mammals, then, feeding is not intrinsic to parental care Animals add it to their reproductive strategies to give them an edge in their lifelong quest for descendants The most vulnerable moment in any animal's life is when it first finds itself completely on its own, when it must forage and fend for itself Feeding postpones that moment until a young animal has grown to such a size that it is better able to cope The young that are fed by their parents become nutritionally independent at a much greater fraction of their full adult size The word “it” refers to _ A feeding B young animal C moment D size Locating Referents -HPU- The correct answer is (B), young animal Because only “animal” is the singular noun that “it” can replace Question 4: Do you have to be a good actor to be a good wrestler? ‘I used to really resent the acting label, but it is acting When it’s really good, when you’re felling it and letting that real emotion fly, it comes closer to being real.’ What did his children think when they saw him getting hurt? ‘Well, they used to think I never got hurt because that's what I told them When they got old enough to realize I did, they stopped enjoying it That was, in part, what led to my decision to get out.’ The word “that” refers to which of the following? A The fact that his children got older B The fact that he often got hurt C The fact that his children no longer enjoyed watching him perform D The fact that he could not tell his children the truth The correct answer is (C) “That” is a pronoun that replaces the incident mentioned in the previous sentence: “When they got old enough to realize I did, they stopped enjoying it.” Question 5: It is a sound you will probably never hear, a sickened tree sending out a distress signal However, a team of scientists at the U.S Department of Agriculture's Forest Service has recently heard the cries, and they think some insects also hear the trees and are drawn to them like vultures to a dying animal The word “them” refers to : A Trees B scientists C insects D vultures The correct answer is (A), trees The word “them” is a pronoun replacing the plural noun that appears in the previous sentence, and because the subject is “insects”, the object can’t be “insects” either Locating Referents -HPU- C.CONCLUSION Reference words are important because they are another way you can strengthen the connections between different elements of your text and clarify the progression of ideas If we didn’t, our sentences would be very clumsy and boring Reading is a skill many people take for granted, but the act of reading and properly comprehending a text is a complex and interactive process It requires several different brain functions to work together and most often requires one to puzzle through multiple layers of context and meaning Here are some tips to improve your Reading skill: Don’t expect to understand the full passage Don’t start reading the text before looking at the tasks Stop when you get confused and try to summarize what you just read Eliminate incorrect answer choices Timing is crucial Ignore anything you already know about the topic Be careful when transferring your answer Leave difficult questions for the end Leave no blanks Locating Referents -HPU- REFERENCES English Subject Syllabus of HPU https://www.efset.org/ http://tienganhb1.com/ http://www.britishcouncil.es/ Vũ Thị Mai Phương, Rèn Luyện Kỹ Năng Làm Bài Đọc Hiểu, Nhà xuất niên https://www.ieltsadvantage.com/2015/03/20/top-10-ielts-reading-tips/ https://blog.prepscholar.com/how-to-improve-reading-comprehension https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-reading-tips-how-can-i-improve-my-score/ ... the referents of pronouns and other words Definition: Referent words (từ tham chiếu) are words in a passage that other words refer to Pronouns such as they and it have noun referent; the referents. .. Class K6B decided to about the Locating Referents so that we can introduce in a concise manner to easily understand about this question type in Reading test Locating Referents -HPU- B MAIN CONTENT... title, classification, scanning and identify location of information, locating referents, etc,… In particular, locating referents is a effortless type of question to get scores in reading Therefore,